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AP Research Methods

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chance
a)
statistical significance
b)
experimenter bias
c)
confounding variables
2.
Descriptive research where one person or group is studied in depth; baby albert
a)
naturalistic observation
b)
experiment
c)
correlational study
d)
case study
3.
"Monday Morning Quarterback" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games.  This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle?
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Intuition
d)
Illusory Correlation
4.
Which of the following demonstrates the need for psychological science?
a)
Psychology's methods are unlike those of any other science
b)
Psychological experiments are less valuable without psychological science
c)
Out intuitions about human thinking and behavior are not always accurate
d)
Intuitions does not provide correct answers unless it is applied through the scientific method
5.
Which of the following is a potential problem for a case study?
a)
They provide too much detail and the researcher is likely to lose track of the most important facts.
b)
They are generally  too expensive to economical
c)
They may be misleading because they don't fairly represent other cases
d)
The dependent variable is difficult to operationally define in a case study
6.
A testable prediction is called (a/an):
a)
operational definition
b)
theory
c)
replication
d)
hypothesis
7.
Mary watches several different species of birds to discover how they feed their young in their habitat, without being intrusive. This would be an example of what type of study?
a)
Case study
b)
Naturalistic observation
c)
Survey
d)
Experiment
8.
What is curious skepticism?
a)
Closed to new ideas
b)
Goes along with anything
c)
Doesn't ask questions but also doesn't accept new ideas
d)
Open to new ideas but still questions them
9.
All those in a group being studied is referred to as the...
a)
Random sample
b)
Representative sample
c)
Population
d)
Sampling bias
10.
When people have the tendency to think they know more than they do
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
11.
What are the 3 most important traits for a psychologist?
a)
Curiosity, skepticism, and humility
b)
Intelligence, humility, humor
c)
Curiosity, ignorance, organized
d)
Smart, nice, skeptical
12.
This is a method of research where the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interfering
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
13.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
14.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
15.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it yields a great deal of detailed descriptive information and they are very useful in forming a hypothesis
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
16.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it creates an immense amount of data to be gathered quickly and inexpensively.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
17.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that the data is limited to only answering the question(s) asked. These limitations lead to biases, ambiguous conclusions, and low participation rates among research populations.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
18.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is the behaviors could be only one-time occurrences.
a)
Observational
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
19.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that it does not permit researchers to draw conclusions regarding cause-and-effect relationships
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
20.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is the artificiality of the lab doesn’t lend itself to real unexpected results.
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
21.
Most notable examples of this method of descriptive research are cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies.
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
22.
The primary advantage of this method of research is that it allows for more control than naturalistic observation
a)
Laboratory Observations
b)
Correlational
c)
Experiments
d)
Case Study
e)
Survey
23.
The disadvantage of this method of descriptive research is that some variables are too challenging to manipulate in an experiment (emotions, other cognitive behavior). Results may not be reflective of the general population.
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
24.

Which of the following methods best limits the influence of unknown variables in an experiment?

a)

Random assignment

b)

Debriefing

c)

Stratified Sampling

d)

Subject matching

e)

Correlational study

25.

Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people's ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?

a)

Case study

b)

Survey

c)

Correlational study

d)

Experiment

e)

Simulation

26.

Which of the following measures can be precisely located on the graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations?

a)

Mode

b)

Median

c)

Mean

d)

Standard deviation

e)

Variance

27.

It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when...

a)

They want to ensure that conditions are assigned randomly

b)

They want to be able to replicate the experiment

c)

They want to organize the hypothesis appropriately

d)

They are conducting experimental research but not correlational research

e)

They are conducting an experiment with no independent and dependent variables

28.

Research particpants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words, and the third group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The way the words are presented is which type of variable?

a)

Confounding

b)

Dependent

c)

Independent

d)

Extraneous

e)

Control

29.

Researchers find that there is a significant, positive correlation between the number of hours students sleep and their grades. The researchers would be justified in concluding that...

a)

Earning good grades causes people to sleep more

b)

Sleeping more causes students to perform better in school

c)

Students who earn good grades tend to sleep more than those who do not

d)

More sleep has a beneficial impact on school performance

30.

A statistical technique that would allow a researcher to cluster such traits as being talkative, social, and adventurous with extroversion is called...

a)

A case study

b)

Meta-analysis

c)

Statistical significance

d)

Factor analysis

e)

Z score

31.

A researcher surveyed social adjustment in the same group of 20 people from early childhood through adulthood. In this example, the group of 20 people surveyed was the study's...

a)

Sample

b)

Population

c)

Operational definition

d)

Control group

e)

Randomization

32.

Respondents to surveys often report that they are healthier, happier, and less prejudiced than would be expected based in the results of other types of research. This finding can best be explained by which of the following?

a)

Sampling bias

b)

Experimenter bias

c)

Social desirability bias

d)

Bystander effect

e)

Placebo effect

33.

A teacher finds the distribution of scores on a final exam to be positively skewed with low variability. On the basis of this information, the teacher would be most justified in concluding that...

a)

A small number of students in the class did poorly on the exam

b)

The students in her class have a very wide range of intellectual abilities

c)

The exam was too difficult

d)

The exam is not a reliable assessment tool

e)

Most of her students are of above average ability

34.

Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher?

a)

Debriefing

b)

Random sampling

c)

Random assignment

d)

Using only single-blind studies

e)

Using only double-blind studies

35.

Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college GPA. Which of the following best describes this relationship?

a)

A bimodal distribution

b)

A normal distribution

c)

A skewed distribution

d)

A positive correlation

e)

A negative correlation

36.

Which of the following is required for a psychological experiment?

a)

More than one independent variable

b)

Sophisitcated equipment

c)

Highly generalizable results

d)

Precise operational definitions

e)

A longitudinal design

37.
each time a study is repeated, the results are consistent.
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
sample
38.
Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable. 
a)
control group
b)
population
c)
confounding variables
39.
The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
confounding variable
40.
The subgroup of the population that participates in the study
a)
sample
b)
assignment
c)
group
41.
A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results. 
a)
placebo
b)
case study
c)
experimenter bias
42.
A psychological or physical treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient. 
a)
independent variable
b)
placebo
c)
dependent variable
43.
Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.
a)
single blind study
b)
case study
c)
double blind study
44.
The extent to which an instrument measure what it is supposed to measure.
a)
reliability
b)
validity
c)
standardized
45.
Measures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set.
a)
median
b)
range
c)
standard deviation
46.
Research design in which participants don't know whether they are in experimental or control group.
a)
double blind
b)
naturalistic observation
c)
single blind
47.
The behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment (the effect)
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
random sample

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