Font size
WorksheetsRAD 205 Ch. 7 Review
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins
Early tissue reactions are also known as:
Stochastic effects
Deterministic effects
Somatic effects
Genetic effects
Deterministic effects typically occur when:
Any dose is received
Low doses accumulate
A threshold dose is exceeded
Indirect DNA damage occurs
Which characteristic defines a deterministic effect?
Random occurrence
Severity increases with dose
No threshold exists
Long latent period
What is a common example of a deterministic effect?
Cancer
Genetic mutation
Skin erythema
Leukemia
Which of the following is an early tissue reaction?
Cataracts
Cancer
Epilation
Genetic damage
The severity of early tissue reactions:
Is independent of dose
Decreases with increased dose
Increases as dose increases
Is random
What term describes hair loss due to radiation exposure?
Necrosis
Epilation
What radiation exposure can result in early tissue reactions?
Low-dose dental x-rays
Repeated small exposures
High-dose, whole-body exposure
Background radiation
Which organ system is most sensitive to radiation?
Skeletal
Nervous
Hematopoietic
Muscular
Skin erythema usually appears at what radiation dose?
0.1 Gy
0.5 Gy
2.0 Gy
10 Gy
Temporary hair loss (epilation) begins at approximately:
0.25 Gy
2 Gy
3.5 Gy
5.0 Gy
Permanent epilation generally occurs at doses of:
1 Gy
2 Gy
7 Gy
0.5 Gy
Which type of radiation effect shows a threshold and increases in severity with dose?
Stochastic
Genetic
Early tissue reaction
Teratogenic
What determines the likelihood and severity of tissue reactions?
LET only
Duration only
Total radiation dose and time
Type of scanner
Which is more sensitive to radiation: bone or intestinal lining?
Bone
Intestinal lining
Cartilage
Ligaments
Cell division rate and maturity influence:
LET
Radiosensitivity
RBE
Cancer risk only
Skin effects from fluoroscopic procedures are most likely due to:
Leakage radiation
Direct beam exposure
Scatter from the room
Light exposure
Radiation-induced skin injury is more common during:
CT of the head
Chest x-ray
Interventional fluoroscopy
Dental imaging
Acute Radiation Syndrome occurs after what type of exposure?
Fractionated
Chronic
Whole-body, high dose
Natural background
What is the minimum whole-body dose for ARS?
0.1 Gy
1 Gy
5 Gy
10 Gy
Which ARS stage occurs immediately after exposure?
Prodromal
Latent
Manifest illness
Recovery
What symptoms occur during the prodromal stage?
Skin burns
Nausea and vomiting
Bone marrow suppression
Hair loss
What follows the prodromal stage?
Death
Manifest illness
Latent period
Incubation
During the latent period, the person:
Gets sicker
Appears to recover
Experiences hair loss
Has blood cell changes
The third stage of ARS is called:
Latent
Chronic
Manifest illness
Recovery
Which is not a major ARS syndrome?
Hematopoietic
Gastrointestinal
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Which ARS syndrome occurs at 1–10 Gy?
Hematopoietic
Gastrointestinal
Cerebrovascular
Integumentary
Which ARS syndrome is most likely at 6–10 Gy?
Hematopoietic
Gastrointestinal
Cerebrovascular
Respiratory
The hematopoietic syndrome primarily affects the:
Skin
Brain
Bone marrow
Lungs
What is the average survival time for untreated hematopoietic syndrome?
Few hours
Few days
6–8 weeks
1 year
Which system fails during the gastrointestinal syndrome?
CNS
Liver
Intestinal lining
Lymphatic
Gastrointestinal syndrome results in death within:
1–2 days
3–10 days
2–3 weeks
1 month
Which ARS syndrome occurs above 50 Gy?
Hematopoietic
Gastrointestinal
Cerebrovascular
Respiratory
What symptoms are common with cerebrovascular syndrome?
Diarrhea
Vision loss
Confusion and convulsions
Vomiting only
Death from cerebrovascular syndrome occurs within:
Minutes
Hours to 3 days
2–4 weeks
Months
Whole-body dose causing 100% death without treatment:
1 Gy
3.5 Gy
6–10 Gy
0.5 Gy
Which ARS syndrome affects the fastest-dividing cells?
Gastrointestinal
Hematopoietic
Cerebrovascular
Renal
Cells most affected in ARS are:
Mature neurons
Rapidly dividing cells
Cartilage cells
Adipose cells
Radiation doses used in diagnostic imaging are:
High enough to cause ARS
Too low to cause deterministic effects
Likely to induce death
Equal to therapeutic levels
Which diagnostic procedure has the highest skin dose potential?
MRI
Dental x-ray
Fluoroscopy
Chest x-ray
A deterministic effect seen in radiation therapy patients is:
Cancer
Genetic mutation
Skin ulceration
Cataracts
The concept of dose threshold helps predict:
Stochastic risks
When early effects may occur
LET levels
Bone aging
Which factor reduces risk of deterministic effects during imaging?
Higher mA
Decreased beam filtration
Shorter exposure time
Removing shielding
Radiation burns are usually caused by:
Diagnostic x-rays
Background radiation
Prolonged interventional procedures
Routine CT scans
Who is most vulnerable to early tissue reactions?
Middle-aged adults
Young children
Elderly patients
Males only
Fractionation of dose refers to:
One-time high dose
Splitting dose over time
Doubling the dose
Random exposure
Early tissue reactions are best prevented by:
Lowering image resolution
Increasing patient exposure
Adhering to ALARA principles
Repeating exams frequently
The LD 50/30 for humans is approximately:
1 Gy
3.5 Gy
6.0 Gy
10 Gy
A dose-response curve for early tissue reactions is typically:
Linear non-threshold
Linear threshold
Non-linear non-threshold
Exponential
Early effects are common in diagnostic imaging
True
False
Somatic effects are effects upon future generations
True
False
Genetic effects are effects upon future generations
True
False
What are the classifications of somatic effects? (Select all that apply)
Developing
Late
Established
Early
Deterministic effects are: (Select all that apply)
Direct dose relation
Do not have a threshold
Have a threshold
Amount of biologic response is not dependent on absorbed dose
What are the three separate dose related syndromes?
(a)
What is the threshold dose for Hematopoietic syndrome?
1 Gyt
1 - 5 Gyt
1 -10 Gyt
5 - 10 Gyt
What is the threshold dose for Gastrointestinal syndrome?
2 - 3 Gyt
6 Gyt
6 - 10 Gyt
1 - 10 Gyt
What is the threshold dose for Cerebrovascular syndrome?
10 Gyt
20 Gyt
30 Gyt
50 Gyt
ARS presents in how many response stages?
3
4
5
6
LD is expressed:
LD 50/30
LD 50/60
LD 100/60
LD 100/50
When referring to humans, LD is best expressed:
LD 50/30
LD 50/60
LD 50/90
LD 100/60
Estimated LD for humans is:
1 - 2 Gyt
3 - 4 Gyt
6 - 8 Gyt
8 -10 Gyt
Repeated radiation injuries do not have a cumulative effect
True
False
What percent of radiation damage is irreparable?
(a)
