Are temporary or dynamic forces that a building may experience during its use. Variable loads resulting from occupants, furniture, and movable equipment.

The Architectural Code of the Philippines is one of several referral codes

to the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP), established through?

Ensures proper space utilization within a structure, taking into account function, safety, and user comfort.

The Architectural Code promotes culturally sensitive and climate-responsive

design.

Pertains to how the structure is integrated into its environment and urban context.

Regulates architect licensing and

promotes ethical practice for nation-building.

Maximum ramp slope:

Minimum corridor width:

Promotes the inclusion of PWDs and persons with limited

mobility by requiring access features in public and private buildings.

Side and Rear Setbacks:

Resist seismic actions, including site and seismic zone considerations, and

structural design based on building use, local zoning, and conditions.

Ensuring buildings are designed for local wind speed data and occupant

safety especially in typhoon-prone areas

Outlining how buildings must resist design-level ground motions, allow for

inelastic structural response, and require redundancy for earthquake

resilience.

Is a set of rules and standards that guide the safe design, installation, and maintenance of electrical systems.

The Electrical Code is a set of rules and standards that guide the safe design,

installation, and maintenance of electrical systems. Its legal basis comes from?

To provide a low-resistance path to the earth, preventing dangerous

voltage buildup.

Central distribution point where power is divided into branch

circuits.

Protect conductors from overcurrent due to overload or short

circuit.

Provide a means to shut off power to the entire building

quickly. Must be installed near the point of entry of service conductors

The NECP states that for the maximum load per lighting outlet, a minimum of?

In the Philippines, the standard voltage is at?

Typically mounted at 1.2 m (48 in) above the finished floor to center of the

device.

Should be placed at the entrance of the room or area served, easily accessible

without passing through a dark space.

The formula for Current:

Units:

is the part of the wiring system between the final overcurrent protection device and the outlets or loads it serves.

Supplies two or more receptacles or outlets

for lighting and appliances.

Serves kitchen, pantry, dining, or similar

areas for small appliances.

Serves only one piece of utilization equipment,

typically large appliances or fixed machinery.

Has two or more ungrounded conductors with a shared neutral; must originate from the same panelboard and allow simultaneous disconnection.

Is defined as the contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of an attachment plug. It is used to provide a safe and convenient point to connect portable or cord-and-plug–connected equipment to

the electrical system.

Are the infrastructure that enables data, voice, and video transmission throughout a building or facility. Data cabling, whether copper cables like Cat5e/Cat6 or fiber optic lines, serves as the pathway for internet

connections, phone lines, and video systems.

The main high-capacity link that interconnects equipment rooms, telecommunications closets, and even multiple buildings. It’s often made from fiber optics for high bandwidth over long distances.

Connects the telecommunications room on a floor to individual outlets, computers, phones, and devices, ensuring that end-users have direct network access.

The Fire Code of the Philippines,

Under the Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008, the designated enforcing agency is?

Are required to provide a safe and quick way for people to leave a building during a fire or emergency.

Refers to how long building materials can resist fire before they start to fail.

Is any visual or audible signal produced to warn the occupants of the building or firefighting elements of

the presence or danger of fire.

Activated by occupants using devices such as pull stations.

Activated by heat, smoke, or flame detectors.

Integrates both manual and automatic activation.

Manual stations must be located within * of exit doors and on each floor level.

Must have a primary power source (building’s electrical system) and a secondary power source

(batteries or emergency generator) to ensure operation during power failure.

Is an integrated network of hydraulically designed piping system installed in a building, structure or area with

outlets arranged in a systematic pattern which automatically discharges water when activated by heat or

combustion products from a fire.

Pipes are filled with water under pressure; most common type.

Pipes filled with pressurized air; water is released when sprinklers open (used in

unheated areas).

All sprinklers open; activated by a detection system for high-hazard areas.

Water admitted to pipes upon detection and activation.

A reinforced masonry or concrete wall with a specific fire-resistive rating that acts as a barrier between

buildings or dwelling units to prevent the spread of fire and maintain structural integrity.

Is the practice of dividing a room, spaces of a building into fire resistant compartments to delay the spread of fire from one part of the building to another, or to an adjoining building.

• It is the process of dividing a structure into 'compartments' for effective risk management.

Occurs when forces are applied along the longitudinal axis of a structural

member, such as a column or a wall.

Occurs when forces are applied parallel to the cross-section of a structural element,

such as in beams or slabs.

Happens when a load causes a structural element, such as a beam or slab, to bend.

Designed to transfer both moments (bending) and forces (shear and

axial), ensuring that the connected elements behave as a single, unified structure.

Allow rotation but resist translation, typically transferring shear forces but not moments.

Rely on friction to transfer shear forces between connected

elements, often used in steel structures

Uses connections like nails, bolts, and plates to transfer loads. These connections are typically designed to handle shear forces, with the timber itself carrying axial and bending loads.

Vertical elements that support the beams and girders. They primarily resist compressive loads.

Horizontal elements that span between columns, supporting floor and roof loads, and resist bending and shear forces.

Larger beams that carry the load of multiple beams and transfer these loads to the columns.

is a three-dimensional truss system that allows for large, column-free spaces.

Involves the use of steel columns, beams, and girders to create a skeleton framework that supports the entire

structure.

Is similar to wood framing but uses thin, cold-formed steel sections instead of wood studs.

Are used in roof and floor systems where long spans are required.

Diagonal and vertical elements that connect the top and bottom chords,

distributing the loads throughout the truss.

Connection points where the struts meet.

The steel members that connect to form the geometric pattern.

One of the most common methods of joining steel members. They are relatively easy to install and can be adjusted or disassembled if necessary.

Involve fusing steel members together using heat. This type of connection provides a continuous connection that is often stronger than bolted connections and is ideal for transferring large forces.

Were widely used before the advent of modern welding and bolting techniques.

Are designed to resist bending moments in addition to shear and axial forces. They are critical in structures where lateral loads, such as wind or seismic forces, are a concern.

PLUMBING LAW OF THE Philippines"

Building Code of the Philippines