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Topic 12: Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Review

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

True or False: A light-year is a measurement of time.

a)

False

b)

True

2.

Scientists classify stars based on _____ and _____.

a)

temperature

b)

color

c)

size

d)

brightness

3.

We live in an ______ galaxy.

a)

Spiral

b)

Irregular

c)

Quasars

d)

Elliptical

4.

Our solar system formed ______ years ago.

a)

4.6 billion

b)

150 million

c)

1 billion

d)

4.8 billion

5.

True or False: Dark matter is the force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.

a)

False. Dark energy

b)

True. Dark matter

c)

False. Gravity

d)

False. Antimatter

6.

Parallax is used to determine a star’s

a)

Distance from Earth

b)

Composition

c)

Temperature

d)

Brightness

7.

Which of the following is a major difference between elliptical galaxies and spiral galaxies?

a)

Elliptical galaxies have almost no gas or dust between stars.

b)

Elliptical galaxies vary more in shape than spiral galaxies.

c)

Spiral galaxies have almost no gas or dust between the stars.

d)

Spiral galaxies contain only old stars.

8.

A star is born when

a)

A nebula expands

b)

A protostar begins to cool

c)

Helium and oxygen combine

d)

Nuclear fusion starts

9.

The theory astronomers have developed to describe the formation of the universe is known as what?

a)

Big crunch theory

b)

Collision-ring theory

c)

Galactic expansion theory

d)

Big bang theory

10.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of stars?

a)

size

b)

temperature

c)

texture

d)

chemical composition (what it’s made of).

11.

The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is called what?

a)

parallax

b)

absolute brightness

c)

apparent brightness

d)

light-year

12.

A dying high-mass star can suddenly explode, becoming a what?

a)

nebula

b)

protostar

c)

black hole

d)

supernova

13.

Many stars belong to larger groups called what?

a)

star cluster

b)

eclipsing binary

c)

binary stars

d)

galaxies

14.

Gravity pulled most of the gas into the center of the disk, where the gas eventually became hot and dense enough to nuclear fusion to begin and what was born?

a)

The Sun

b)

Inner Planets

c)

Outer Planets

d)

The Universe

15.

What uses powers of ten to write very large or small numbers in shorter form?

a)

Scientific method

b)

Scientific notation

c)

Scientific notes

d)

Exponents

16.

The most massive stars collapse to form ____________ when they die.

a)

black hole

b)

nebula

c)

red giant

d)

supergiant

17.

A dying high-mass star can suddenly explode to become a ____________.

a)

supernova

b)

nebula

c)

white dwarf

d)

red giant

18.

Astronomers have discovered we can only see very little of the mass of galaxies where the remaining mass is known as ____________.

a)

dark matter

b)

supernova

c)

nebula

d)

red giant

19.

Galaxies that appear to have a bulge in the middle and arms that move outward are called ____________.

a)

spiral galaxies

b)

elliptical galaxies

c)

irregular galaxies

d)

dwarf galaxies

20.

Galaxies that are active young galaxies with giant black holes at their centers are known as ____________.

a)

quasars

b)

nebulae

c)

pulsars

d)

white dwarfs

21.

Alcor and Deneb are similar because they are both:

a)

planets

b)

stars

c)

moons

d)

asteroids

22.

Using the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, name the star that is very bright and red in color.

a)

Betelgeuse

b)

Sirius

c)

Sun

d)

Rigel

23.

Using the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, name the stars on the diagram that are red.

a)

Main Sequence stars

b)

Red Giants and Supergiants

c)

White Dwarfs

d)

Blue Giants

24.

Another word for absolute brightness: ____________

a)

Luminosity

b)

Opacity

c)

Density

d)

Magnitude

25.

Name the scientist who supported his theory of the big bang: ____________

a)

Edwin Hubble

b)

Isaac Newton

c)

Albert Einstein

d)

Galileo Galilei

26.

What is the force that allows the planets to orbit the sun?

a)

Gravity

b)

Magnetism

c)

Friction

d)

Electricity

27.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Which type of star is characterized by high brightness and low surface temperature?

a)

White dwarfs

b)

Main sequence

c)

Supergiants

d)

Giants

28.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. What color are the hottest stars?

a)

Red

b)

Yellow

c)

White

d)

Blue or light blue

29.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.

Fill in the blank: The Sun is classified as a ______ star in the main sequence.

a)

yellow

b)

red

c)

blue

d)

white

30.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Which of the following stars is a white dwarf?

a)

Betelgeuse

b)

Sirius B

c)

Capella

d)

Antares

31.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. True or False: As the surface temperature of a star increases, its color shifts from red to blue.

a)

True

b)

False

32.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Which type of star is the Sun classified as?

a)

Supergiant

b)

Main Sequence

c)

White Dwarf

d)

Giant

33.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. What is the color of stars with the highest surface temperature?

a)

Red

b)

Yellow

c)

Blue or Blue-white

d)

White

34.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.

Fill in the blank: Stars with a surface temperature of about 3,000 K are typically ______ in color.

a)

Red

b)

Blue

c)

White

d)

Yellow

35.

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.

True or False: As the surface temperature of a star increases, its color shifts from red to blue.

a)

True

b)

False

36.

Luminosity is defined as:

a)

The amount of light emitted by a star or other celestial object.

b)

The distance between two stars.

c)

The temperature of a star.

d)

The size of a planet.

37.

Edwin Hubble was:

a)

an astronomer

b)

a painter

c)

a mathematician

d)

a musician

38.

Gravity is:

a)

A force that attracts objects toward each other

b)

A type of energy

c)

A form of light

d)

A chemical reaction

39.

A spectrograph is used for what purpose in astronomy?

a)

Measuring the brightness of stars

b)

Analyzing the spectrum of light from celestial objects

c)

Calculating the distance to galaxies

d)

Tracking the movement of asteroids

40.

Astronomical Unit (AU)

a)

distance from Earth to Sun-used to measure distances within our solar system (ex. distance between Mars and Jupiter)

b)

distance light travels in one year-used to measure distances outside our solar system (ex. measuring distances between stars/galaxies)

c)

Theory of early astronomers. Earth is at the center of the universe. The sun and planets would revolve around the Earth.

d)

Sun is at the center of the solar system.

41.
What is the brightness of a star as it appears to an observer on Earth?
a)
Big Bang Theory
b)

Apparent Magnitude/Brightness

c)
Light year
d)
Spiral Galaxy
42.
What is the distance that light can travel in one year? 
a)
Light year
b)
Irregular Galaxy
c)
Supernova
d)
Quasar 
43.
What is a small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star?
a)
Spiral Galaxy
b)
Supernova
c)
White Dwarf
d)
Black Hole
44.
What is a spinning neutron star that emits rapid pulses of radio and optical energy?
a)
Elliptical Galaxy
b)
Neutron Star
c)
Globular Cluster
d)
Pulsar
45.
What is an object that is so massive and dense that even light can not escape its gravity?
a)
Main-sequence
b)
black hole
c)
Apparent Magnitude
d)
Comet
46.
What is a large grouping of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity?
a)
Nebula
b)
Galaxy
c)
Cosmology
d)
Gravity
47.
What is a large cloud of dust and gas where new stars are formed or stars explode?
a)
quasar
b)
black hold
c)
supernova
d)
nebula
48.
A student notices that the moon looks larger than the stars.  Why?
a)
The moon is reflecting light from the sun
b)
The moon is closer to Earth then the stars
c)
The moon is much larger than the stars
d)
The moon is much larger than Earth
49.
Which shows the correct sequence of a star's life cycle?
a)
main sequence, red giant, white dwarf
b)
main sequence, white dwarf, red giant
50.
The sun appears brighter than other stars because
a)
it is the largest star in the universe
b)
it is the hottest star in the universe
c)
able to radiate more energy than other stars
d)
is closer to Earth than other stars
51.
Which of the following is not a type of galaxy?
a)
Irregular
b)
Triangular
c)
Spiral
d)
Elliptical 
52.

Most galaxies are moving away from each other which means the universe is contracting.

a)

True

b)

False

53.

A star that has no fuel but glows faintly is a black dwarf.

a)

True

b)

False

54.

Stars with less mass will last longer than stars with more mass.

a)

True

b)

False

55.

The type of light that humans can see is _______________ light.

a)

visible

b)

ultraviolet

c)

infrared

d)

microwave

56.

The length of a star’s life is determined by its _______________.

a)

mass

b)

luminosity

c)

radius

d)

temperature

57.
Scientist use light years to measure objects in space rather than units such as miles or kilometers because of how massive the galaxy and universe are.
a)
True
b)
False
58.

What does the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram graph?

a)

A star's absolute brightness and temperature

b)

A star's apparent and true brightness

c)

A star's distance and temperature

d)

A star's distance and apparent brightness

59.

Astronomers think that in the future the universe will continue to

a)

Shrink

b)

Expand

c)

Explode

d)

Collapse

60.

What does a light year measure?

a)

Temperature

b)

Distance

c)

Brightness

61.

A(n) ___________ galaxy looks like a round or flattened ball.

a)

Elliptical

b)

Irregular

c)

Spiral

62.

Which one is an irregular galaxy?

a)
b)
c)
d)
63.
What is a light-year?
a)
distance between two stars
b)
distance light travels in one year
c)
the time it takes light to travel 300,000,000 meters
d)
the time it takes light to travel to Earth from the Sun
64.

Which is a spiral galaxy?

a)
b)
c)
65.
A dark spot on the photosphere of the sun
a)
corona
b)
solar flare
c)
sunspot
d)
magnitude
66.
Most stars are made of which elements?
a)

Helium and Carbon

b)

Hydrogen and Lithium

c)

Hydrogen and Sodium

d)

Hydrogen and Helium

67.

According to the big bang theory, the universe is about how old?

a)

1 million years

b)

500 billion years

c)

4.7 billion years

d)

14 billion years

68.
Place these objects in order from smallest to largest.
a)
Planets, solar system, universe, galaxy
b)
Solar system, planets, galaxy, universe
c)
Planets, solar system, galaxy, universe
d)
Galaxy, solar system, planets, universe
69.

What are patterns of stars in the sky called?

a)

Galaxies

b)

Constellations

c)

Star Systems

d)

Comets

70.

The life cycle of a MASSIVE star will be :

a)

short

b)

long

c)

medium

71.

Which objects are not in the correct order ?

Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Asteroid Belt, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Kuiper Belt

a)

Mercury and Venus

b)

Neptune and Pluto

c)

Asteroid Belt and Mars

d)

Saturn and Uranus

72.

Gas giants have:

a)

large size

b)

many moons

c)

few moons

d)

rocky interiors

73.

Our Sun is considered a ___________ sized star.

a)

Small

b)

Medium

c)

Large

74.

What type of galaxy is this?

a)

Spiral

b)

Elliptical

c)

Irregular

75.

a huge ball of very hot gases in space

a)

constellation

b)

asteroid

c)

star

d)

galaxy

76.
What is a light-year?
a)
distance between two stars
b)
distance light travels in one year
c)
the time it takes light to travel 300,000,000 meters
d)
the time it takes light to travel to Earth from the Sun

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