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Renaissance/ Reformation and Mesoamerica Review

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following contributed most directly to the influence the action of this cartoon had on Europe?

a)

promotion by the Catholic Church

b)

wealth of Italian city-states

c)

invention of the printing press

d)

Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy

2.

Which of the following led most directly to the action in this cartoon?

a)

sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church

b)

Protestant Reformation

c)

development of new technology during the Renaissance

d)

the Enlightenment

3.

The action in this cartoon is most closely associated with which document?

a)

Gutenberg's Bible

b)

Machiavelli's The Prince

c)

John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion

d)

Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses

4.

The main idea of this map led most directly to which of the following?

a)

increased power of the Catholic Church

b)

the Renaissance

c)

religious toleration in the Holy Roman Empire

d)

religious conflict in many areas of Europe

5.

Which claim is best supported by this map?

a)

The Protestant Reformation began in Sweden.

b)

The Catholic Church remained influential in Spain after the Protestant Reformation.

c)

The Holy Roman Empire was the most powerful empire in Europe during the Protestant Reformation.

d)

Scotland became Protestant before England.

6.

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the quote below. ". . . Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope's indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved.." — Martin Luther 8. Which later event challenged the influence of this quote's author most directly?

a)

invention of the printing press

b)

Counter-Reformation

c)

creation of the Church of England

d)

Crusades

7.

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the quote below. ". . . Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope's indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved.." — Martin Luther The main idea of this quote most directly resulted from which of the following?

a)

attempts by Pope Leo X to raise money for the building of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome

b)

Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy

c)

Diet of Worms in 1517

d)

publishing of John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion

8.

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the quote below. ". . . Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope's indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved.." — Martin Luther 10. The main idea of this quote led most directly to which of the following?

a)

creation of the Church of England

b)

Spanish Reconquista

c)

posting of the Ninety-Five Theses

d)

increase in the power of the Catholic Church

9.

Which technological development contributed most directly to the success of the Protestant Reformation?

a)

astrolabe

b)

compass

c)

wheel

d)

printing press

10.

12. Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII all played a key role in the

a)

attempts made to reclaim the Holy Land

b)

fall of the Ottoman Empire

c)

end of religious unity in Europe

d)

establishment of parliamentary democracy in Britain

11.

One way in which Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy are similar is that both

a)

emphasize the importance of the Bible

b)

caused the Thirty Years War

c)

challenge the authority of the Catholic Church

d)

helped to unify Christendom

12.

Which period of European history is represented by this time line?

a)

Enlightenment

b)

Middle Ages

c)

Reformation

d)

Commercial Revolution

13.

The Protestant Reformation represents a turning point in European history because it

a)

allowed religious reformers to escape persecution

b)

standardized all religious writings

c)

ended religious unity in western Europe

d)

forced most of Europe's monarchs to become Protestants

14.

Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the quote below. "I conclude, therefore, with regard to being feared and loved, that men love at their own free will, but fear at the will of the prince, and that a wise prince must rely on what is in his power and not on what is in the power of others, and he must only contrive to avoid incurring hatred, as has been explained..."

a)

the invention of the printing press

b)

trade along the Silk Road

c)

Trans-Atlantic voyages

d)

the Crusades

15.

Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the quote below. "I conclude, therefore, with regard to being feared and loved, that men love at their own free will, but fear at the will of the prince, and that a wise prince must rely on what is in his power and not on what is in the power of others, and he must only contrive to avoid incurring hatred, as has been explained..."

a)

A) Governments should have the consent of the governed in order to rule.

b)

B) Democracy is the best form of government.

c)

C) A prince must be popular to be an effective leader.

d)

D) A ruler should do whatever is necessary to maintain power.

16.

A major reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was that

a)

Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia

b)

farmers produced great agricultural surpluses on vast plains

c)

merchants supported the Green Revolution

d)

many European scholars had migrated to this area

17.

Which historical events are in the correct chronological order?

a)

Crusades → Renaissance → Neolithic Revolution → Roman Empire

b)

Roman Empire → Neolithic Revolution → Crusades → Renaissance

c)

Renaissance → Neolithic Revolution → Crusades → Roman Empire

d)

Neolithic Revolution → Roman Empire → Crusades → Renaissance

18.

The Renaissance in western Europe was a period noted for

a)

armed conflict over control of the Holy Land

b)

the rise of feudalism in the Mediterranean region

c)

the mass movement of peoples from urban to rural areas

d)

a shift from a spiritual focus to a more humanistic one

19.

Which feature was typical of Greece during the Golden Age and Italy during the Renaissance?

a)

universal suffrage

b)

racial diversity

c)

social equality

d)

a questioning spirit

20.

Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . I conclude, therefore, with regard to being feared and loved, that men love at their own free will, but fear at the will of the prince, and that a wise prince must rely on what is in his power and not on what is in the power of others, and he must only contrive to avoid incurring hatred, as has been explained. . . This passage is most closely associated with the ideas of

a)

Pope Urban II

b)

Niccolo Machiavelli

c)

John Calvin

d)

Thomas Malthus

21.

One major characteristic of the Renaissance period is that the

a)

A) Catholic Church no longer had any influence in Europe

b)

B) manor became the center of economic activity

c)

C) classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated

d)

D) major language of the people became Latin

22.

Which period is associated with these statements?

a)

French Revolution

b)

Renaissance

c)

Early Middle Ages

d)

Enlightenment

23.

In western Europe, a long-term effect of the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press was that the

a)

monarchies were restored to absolute power

b)

feudal system declined

c)

literacy rate increased

d)

development of new ideas was discouraged

24.

Which situation contributed most to the beginning of the Renaissance?

a)

Strong rulers censored new ideas.

b)

Europe became increasingly isolated from other regions.

c)

The emphasis on religious uniformity increased.

d)

A wealthy class that supported the arts emerged.

25.

What was a significant difference between the art of the Renaissance in Northern Europe and Southern Europe?

a)

Northern art was more influenced by Asian art than the art of Southern Europe.

b)

Northern art was often more religious in nature than the art of Southern Europe.

c)

Northern art tended to be more political than the art of Southern Europe.

d)

Southern European art tended to reflect a deeper understanding of the Bible than the art of Northern Europe.

26.

What was a major difference between European art of the Renaissance and the art of the medieval period?

a)

Renaissance art was more influenced by African art than medieval art.

b)

Renaissance art emphasized the individual more than medieval art.

c)

Renaissance art made more use of the fresco technique than medieval art.

d)

Medieval art made more use of oil-based paint than Renaissance art.

27.

The Council of Trent played an influential role in the development of the

a)

Renaissance.

b)

Catholic Counter-Reformation.

c)

Enlightenment.

d)

Scientific Revolution.

28.

A major reason why the Italian Renaissance witnessed a flowering of artistic talent was that

a)

the Catholic Church lifted medieval restrictions on depicting secular themes in art.

b)

generous patronage afforded prominent artists the time and resources needed to hone their craft.

c)

Florentine traders returning from China introduced the idea of realistic depictions of people in art.

d)

archaeological efforts prompted the discovery of Greco-Roman art that had been unknown for centuries.

29.

Italy's status as birthplace of the Renaissance is understandable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

a)

A) Italian city-states' urban sophistication.

b)

B) the strength of Italian commercial economies.

c)

C) a new class of educated patrons, such as the Medicis.

d)

D) the otherworldliness of Vatican culture.

30.

The main artistic contribution of the Northern Renaissance was in the discipline of

a)

painting.

b)

sculpture.

c)

music.

d)

literature.

31.

The Renaissance broke from the Middle Ages in all of the following ways EXCEPT that the Renaissance's

a)

occurred in urban rather than rural areas.

b)

concerned the individual rather than the group.

c)

cities were ruled democratically, rather than by tyrants.

d)

art was portrayed realistically, rather than stylistically.

32.

The center of the Renaissance was in

a)

Florence.

b)

Milan.

c)

Padua.

d)

Pisa.

33.

Where did the Renaissance begin?

a)

Italy

b)

England

c)

Germany

d)

France

34.

Which geographic challenge did Incan farmers need to adapt to in order to create the system shown in this diagram?

a)

frequent flooding of the Amazon River

b)

dense jungles

c)

yearly monsoons

d)

mountainous terrain

35.

A historian could best use this diagram to study which of the following?

a)

farming in Medieval Europe

b)

agriculture in Pre-Columbian South America

c)

Incan religious beliefs

d)

social hierarchy of the Incan Empire

36.

Base your answers to questions 38 and 39 on the passage below. ...In the 1930s, Slyvanus G. Morley of Harvard, probably the most celebrated Mayanist of his day, espoused [argued for] what is still the best-known theory: The Maya collapsed because they overshot the carrying capacity of their environment. They exhausted their resource base, began to die of starvation and thirst, and fled their cities en masse, leaving them as silent warnings of the perils of ecological hubris [overconfidence]... -Charles C. Mann, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus 38. A historian could best use this passage to study which of the following?

a)

cultural diffusion during the Age of Exploration

b)

achievements of the Aztec Empire

c)

development of Mayan religion

d)

rise and fall of Mesoamerican civilizations

37.

In this passage, Slyvanus Morley describes the potential effects of which of the following?

a)

overpopulation

b)

decentralized government

c)

infectious disease

d)

environmental conservation

38.

Based on this map, in which city did Hernán Cortés first encounter the Aztecs?

a)

Santiago de Cuba

b)

Tenochtitlán

c)

Trujillo

d)

Veracruz

39.

The developments shown on this map most clearly show the influence of which of the following?

a)

centralized government

b)

Trans-Atlantic trade

c)

cycles of flooding and drought

d)

cultural diffusion

40.

A historian could best use this map to study which of the following?

a)

Aztec agriculture and religion

b)

Incan urban planning

c)

monotheism in the Americas

d)

Mayan architecture

41.

Which claim is best supported by this image?

a)

People in the Americas domesticated animals before the arrival of Europeans.

b)

Mayans had gender equality in their society.

c)

Mayans did not value art as much as other civilizations.

d)

Mayans were constantly at war with neighboring civilizations.

42.

Which of the following best explains the relationship between the Mayans in this image?

a)

Mayans followed a written code of laws.

b)

Mayans shared all possessions equally.

c)

Mayans did not have access to technology or mathematical concepts.

d)

Mayan society had a social hierarchy.

43.

The result of the chinampas described in this passage most closely parallels the result of terrace farming widely practiced by which other civilization?

a)

Egyptians

b)

Islamic Empire

c)

Mongols

d)

Incas

44.

Base your answers to questions 45 through 47 on the passage below. ... At Tenochtitlán, the Aztecs perfected an unusual method of farming. They built huge rafts, covered them with earth, and floated them on the lake. On these chinampas, or "floating islands," they grew enough maize and vegetables to feed their expanding population comfortably. Eventually roots from the tree rafts attached themselves to the bottom of the shallow lake to become permanent foundations for buildings.... – Lois Athey 46. A historian could best use this passage to study which of the following?

a)

Aztec military conquests

b)

Mesoamerican agricultural development

c)

the fall of Tenochtitlán

d)

belief systems of the Aztec Empire

45.

This passage is an example of which type of historical document?

a)

autobiography

b)

primary source

c)

secondary source

d)

atlas

46.

Which development led to the fall of the empire shown in this image?

a)

famine due to overpopulation

b)

political revolution

c)

long-lasting drought conditions

d)

foreign invasion

47.

A historian could best use this image to study which of the following?

a)

Empires of the Fertile Crescent

b)

Aztec urban planning

c)

European colonization of the Americas

d)

social classes in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica

48.

Based on this illustration, which statement about the Inca Empire is accurate?

a)

Inca women sold the agricultural products of the empire.

b)

Hunting and gathering was the main source of food for the Inca.

c)

The Inca used hand-written documents to record each harvest.

d)

The Inca developed technology to adapt their surroundings.

49.

Which geographic feature had the greatest influence on the pre-Columbian development of the Inca Empire?

a)

Yucatan Peninsula

b)

Caribbean Sea

c)

Atlantic Ocean

d)

Andes Mountain

50.

The location of the Inca civilization of South America demonstrates the

a)

importance of trade with western Europe

b)

ability of humans to adapt the environment

c)

influence of cultural diversity

d)

complexity of indigenous belief systems

51.

Which title best describes this map?

a)

Mesoamerican Cultural Areas

b)

South American Urban Areas

c)

Creation of the Spanish Viceroyalties

d)

Outposts of the Inca Empire

52.

Which technological advancement helped unify both the Roman and the Inca Empires?

a)

astrolabe

b)

road system

c)

gunpowder

d)

wheeled carts

53.

A study of Aztec, Maya, and Inca agricultural systems would show that these civilizations

a)

relied on mechanized agricultural techniques

b)

carried on extensive food trade with each other

c)

adapted to their environments with creative farming techniques

d)

relied on a single-crop economy

54.

The archaeological evidence found at the Mesoamerican sites of Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these societies

a)

consisted of hunters and gatherers

b)

were highly developed and organized cultures

c)

practiced a monotheistic religion

d)

followed a democratic system

55.

Base your answer on the illustration below and on your knowledge of social studies. To achieve the degree of development shown, the Aztecs first had to

a)

invent wheeled vehicles to move construction materials

b)

use domesticated animals to assist in agriculture

c)

establish an organized government and a specialized work force

d)

adopt advanced engineering techniques diffused from European cultures

56.

Which phrase best completes this graphic organizer?

a)

Building thousands of miles of roads

b)

Maintenance of a large naval fleet

c)

Establishment of a national library filled with hundreds of books

d)

Reliance on camel caravans

57.

What is the best title for this graphic organizer?

a)

Features of Hellenistic Culture

b)

Achievements in Medieval Europe

c)

Developments in Czarist Russia

d)

Characteristics of Maya Civilization

58.

Base your answer to this question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... At Tenochtitlán, the Aztecs perfected an unusual method of farming. They built huge rafts, covered them with earth, and floated them on the lake. On these chinampas, or "floating islands," they grew enough maize and vegetables to feed their expanding population comfortably. Eventually roots from the tree rafts attached themselves to the bottom of the shallow lake to become permanent foundations for buildings.... – Lois Athey Which conclusion is best supported by the information in this passage?

a)

The Aztecs terraced the land.

b)

Large plantations provided food for the markets.

c)

The Aztecs were limited to subsistence farming.

d)

Environmental adaptation aided economic development.

59.

Base your answer to the following question on the graphic organizer below and your knowledge of Social Studies.

a)

Characteristics of the Inca Golden Age

b)

Reasons for the Reconquista

c)

Results of Lenin's New Economic Plan

d)

Features of the Marshall Plan

60.

Which phrase best completes the partial outline below? I. Achievements of the Incas A. ______________________ B. Kept records using quipus C. Built stone structures without using mortar

a)

Cast bronze statues

b)

Created a system of terrace farming

c)

Invented a foot stirrup

d)

Developed chariots

61.

These illustrations suggest that early Latin American civilizations

a)

were based on European societies

b)

used advanced technology to build complex structures

c)

incorporated early Roman architectural design

d)

were strongly influenced by Renaissance humanism

62.

Which conclusion about Incan society could be drawn from the map?

a)

An extensive road system connected all parts of the Empire for trade.

b)

Their trade depended on many seaports.

c)

Tropical climatic conditions existed throughout the empire.

d)

A similar language unified the Inca civilization.

63.

Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?

a)

practicing rituals to please the gods

b)

equality among the social classes

c)

direct democracy

d)

monotheism