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WorksheetsLab Bio FINAL EXAM (A)
Total questions: 68
Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins
A testable explanation or reasonable prediction for what will happen BEFORE an experiment is called a(n) (a) . AFTER many experiments are performed and scientific evidence backs up an idea, it is called a(n) (b) .
Match the following experimental variables with their description:
everything that stays the same during an experiment, so you can make a comparison
control variable
the one thing that is changed on purpose in an experiment (this is what you are testing)
independent variable
the thing that is observed/measured in an experiment (it will change as the experiment runs)
dependent variable
Match the following characteristics of living things to their descriptions:
maintaining a stable (balanced) internal environment
homeostasis
a signal to which an organism responds
stimulus
the breaking down of materials to create energy
metabolism
changing (adapting to one's environment) over time
evolution
passing of traits from parent to offspring
reproduction
Match the following types of bonds to their descriptions:
when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bonds
when electrons are shared between atoms
covalent bonds
occurs due to the attraction of a + H atom to a - O atom (seen between water molecules and between the two strands of DNA)
hydrogen bonds
The pH scale runs from (a) . Acids fall between (b) , bases fall between (c) and neutral is (d) .
Organize these options into the right categories, based on what biomolecule they are describing:
made of monosaccharides
made of amino acids
made of glycerol and fatty acids
made of nucleotides
create quick energy for the body
involved in the growth and repair of muscle/bone
provide long term energy storage
store and transmit genetics material
ex: glucose
ex: chicken
ex: oil
ex: DNA
Why do we say that enzymes act as "biological catalysts"?
because they speed up chemical reactions in nonliving things
because they slow down chemical reactions in living things
because they speed up chemical reactions in living things
because they slow down chemical reactions in nonliving things
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the different classifications of cells?
prokaryotes do NOT have a cell membrane and eukaryotes do
all cells have a nucleus
eukaryotes do NOT have a nucleus and prokaryotes do
prokaryotes do NOT have a nucleus and eukaryotes do
Match the following cell organelles to their function:
control center of the cell- where most DNA is found
nucleus
protein synthesis
ribosome
modifies, sorts and packages proteins to "ship" to other parts of the cell
golgi apparatus
used for storage of water, carbs, proteins, etc
vacuoles
"clean-up crew"- break down waste products
lysosomes
Which organelle in the cell is responsible for creating ATP for the cell to use as energy?
chloroplast
mitochondria
nucleus
ribosome
Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
chloroplast
chlorophyll
mitochondria
cytoplasm
Organize these options into the right categories, based on whether they refer to passive or active transport in cells:
moves materials from an area of high concentration to low
moves materials from an area of low concentration to high
does not require E
requires E
Examples include diffusion and osmosis
Examples include endocytosis and exocytosis
In a(n) (a) , there is a higher concentration of solutes inside the cell so the cell will (b) as water moves inside. In a(n) (c) there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell so the cell will (d) as water moves outside. A(n) (e) occurs when there are equal amounts of solute both in/out of the cell.
Match the following phases of the Cell Cycle with their descriptions:
Cell division occurs (mitosis and cytokinesis)
M Phase
Lots of cell growth occurs
G1 Phase
DNA is replicated
S Phase
Cell growth occurs and the cell prepares to divide
G2 Phase
Match the following phases of Mitosis with their descriptions:
Nuclear envelope dissappears, chromosomes condense and become visible
Prophase
Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell
Metaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled apart from each other and to opposite side of the cell
Anaphase
Two new nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes on each side
Telophase
The cytoplasm splits and two new cells are created
Cytokinesis
The main source of energy in cells is:
protein
ATP
ADP
glucose
Organize these options into the right categories, based on whether they refer to photosynthesis or cell respiration:
Reactants: light, water and carbon dioxide
Products: glucose and oxygen
Reactants: glucose and oxygen
Products: ATP, water and carbond dioxide
A metabolic process that converts sugar (glucose) into ATP WITHOUT the need for oxygen is called:
cell respiration
fermentation
photosynthesis
metabolism
The total of all microorganisms found in a particular environment, such as your intestines:
probiotics
recombination
microbiology
microbiome
Match the following bacterial shape names to their descriptions:
round
cocci
rod-shaped
bacillus
rigid, thick spirals
spirillum
This process allows bacteria to "swap" DNA with each other. It involves creating a "bridge" between two bacteria, that the DNA can travel across.
binary fission
pilus
conjugation
endospore
This is the most common way bacteria reproduce. It involves making a complete copy of the DNA, increasing in size and then splitting in half:
binary fission
binary fusion
cell division
conjugation
Compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria are called:
vaccines
antigens
antibodies
antibiotics
The unique proteins found on the surface of pathogens are called:
antibiotics
antibodies
antigens
capsids
The special Y-shaped proteins that your immune system creates in response to an invading pathogen are called:
prophages
antibodies
antigens
plasmids
This is a process of injecting a weakened/mild form of a virus into the body in order to produce immunity against it:
antibiotic resistance
vaccination
herd immunity
zoonosis
Which of the following is NOT a part of a nucleotide?
an amino acid
a nitrogen base
a phosphate
a 5-carbon sugar
A gene is a sequence of (a) that codes for (b) that determine your traits. Genes are found packed in 46 (c) in humans.
Using complementary base pairing, create a complementary strand DNA strand to the following:
CATGTA
GTACAT
CATGTA
CAUGUA
GUACAU
Organize the following by determining if they refer to DNA or RNA:
double-stranded
single-stranded
deoxyribose sugar
ribose sugar
contains thymine
contains uracil
stores genetic information
allows the cell to use genetic information to build proteins
Use the codon circle to figure out which amino acid CAC codes for:
(Click the image to make it bigger)
STOP
aspartic acid
glutamine
histidine
True or False: All mutations contribute to genetic variation in living things, which is a good thing from an evolutionary standpoint.
True
False
True or False: All mutations are harmful.
True
False
DNA is a twisted ladder shape, which is known as a:
double helix
complementary base pairing
helicase
codon
DNA replication involves two enzymes. (a) is the enzyme that "unzips" the original DNA strand. (b) is the enzyme that "builds" two complementary strands- one for each side of the unzipped original.
Match the following types of RNA with their descriptions:
a copy of a short section of DNA
mRNA
makes up ribosomes and "reads" the DNA instructions
rRNA
brings amino acids over to the ribosome so a protein can be made
tRNA
The process of making proteins needed to “build” a living thing:
DNA polymerase
metabolism
protein synthesis
polymerization
Protein synthesis consists of two steps. The first step is called (a) and it involves making an mRNA copy of the information coded in DNA. The second step is called (b) and it involves "reading" the mRNA strand and using that to build a specific protein.
Match the following chromosomal mutations to their descriptions:
loss of all/part of a chromosome
deletion
extra copies of a chromosome
duplication
chromsome is "backwards"
inversion
part of chromosome breaks off and joins a different one
translocation
A section of DNA that codes for a protein that influences a trait:
gene
trait
allele
gamete
Sex cells of a sexually reproducing organism (ex: egg and sperm cells):
genotype
gametes
alleles
diploids
One of Mendel's Principles that states that alleles for a specific trait will separate during gamete formation so that gametes only carry one allele each:
Principle of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
One of Mendel's Principles that states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive:
Principle of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
One of Mendel's Principles that states that traits are passed down independently from one another and do not influence other traits inheritance
Principle of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
This type of trait will show as long as there is at least one allele for it:
dominant
recessive
homozygous
heterozygous
This type of trait will show only if there are two alleles for it:
dominant
recessive
homozygous
heterozygous
The genetic makeup of an organism:
homozygous
phenotype
genotype
heterozygous
The observable, physical traits, characteristics or behaviors of an organism:
homozygous
phenotype
genotype
heterozygous
When there are two identical alleles for a particular gene (ex: TT or tt):
homozygous
phenotype
genotype
heterozygous
When there are two different alleles for a particular gene (ex: Tt):
homozygous
phenotype
genotype
heterozygous
Match each non-Mendelian genetic situation with it's description:
When one allele is not completely dominant over another and a "mixing" of the two traits occurs
incomplete dominance
When there are two dominant alleles being expressed at the same time and you see both
codominance
When a gene has more than two allele possibilities
multiple alleles
When traits are controlled by more than one gene
polygenic traits
A special type of cell division where gametes (egg and sperm cells) are formed:
crossing over
meiosis
mitosis
interphase
A cell with a full/complete set of DNA is called (a) . A cell that only has half a set of DNA (like a gamete) is called (b) .
A pair of corresponding chromosomes- one is inherited from mom and one is inherited from dad:
multiple alleles
sister chromatids
homologous chromosomes
gametes
This occurs during prophase I of meiosis and involves homologous chromosomes "exchanging parts" with each other, as a way to mix up the genetic material:
codominance
crossing over
interphase
Punnett Squares
What is the end result of meiosis?
two genetically different, diploid cells
four genetically different, haploid cells
four genetically different diploid cells
two genetically different, haploid cells
Preserved remain of ancient organisms (Darwin used these as evidence to support his theory):
adaptations
alleles
fossils
common descent
The process by which organisms in nature- with variations best suited to their local environment- survive and leave more offspring:
gene flow
descent with modification
natural selection
bottleneck effect
Match the following terms with their definitions:
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
fitness
Any heritable characteristic (trait) that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
adaptation
survival of the fittest
natural selection
Competition among members of a species for resources, such as food, living space, a mate to reproduce with, etc.:
natural selection
struggle for existence
evolution
genetic drift
Match the following types of natural selection to its description:
Occurs when individuals at one end of the curve have increased fitness
directional selection
Occurs when individuals at the center of the curve have increased fitness
stabilizing selection
Occurs when individuals at both ends of the curve have increased fitness
disruptive selection
There are two main ways evolution can occur WITHOUT natural selection. The first is (a) which involves random change in the frequency of alleles for a trait that occurs in a small population. The (b) is a type of this that is due to the dramatic loss of a major part of a population. The (c) is a type due to the migration of a small subgroup of a population. The second is (d) which involves the random movement of genes between populations that can introduce new alleles or alter the frequency of existing ones.
A group of organisms that can potentially interbreed with other members of the same group and produce viable (fertile) offspring:
species
family
genus
kingdom
The combined genetic information of all members of a species in a population:
homologous structures
gene pool
allele frequency
adaptations
Match the following types of reproductive isolation to their description:
Occurs when two species have different mating behaviors that attract each to different mates
behavioral isolation
Occurs when physical barriers separate two species so they cannot mate
geographic isolation
Occurs when two species mate at different times
temporal isolation
Body parts that have different mature forms in different organisms but developed from the same embryonic tissue and indicate a common ancestor:
homologous structures
vestigial structures
analogous structures
embryology
Body parts that have that have lost most or all of its original size, structure and function:
homologous structures
vestigial structures
analogous structures
embryology
Match the following scientists with their achievement:
One of the inventors of the microscope
Leeuwenhoek
developed the Germ Theory of disease
Pasteur
took "Photo 51" which led to the discovery of DNA as a double helix
Franklin
First to state DNA was a double helix structure- also discovered hydrogen bonds hold DNA strands together
Watson and Crick
Came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection
Darwin
