Font size
WorksheetsMEDL 279 Microbiology Review
Total questions: 97
Worksheet time: 49mins
Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic classification?
A) Kingdom, Class, Division, Order, Family, Genus, Species
B) Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
C) Kingdom, Order, Class, Division, Family, Genus, Species
D) Kingdom, Family, Order, Class, Division, Genus, Species
What is the proper written format of organism names?
Genus capitalized, species lowercase, both italicized or underlined (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus)
Genus and species both capitalized, not italicized (e.g., Staphylococcus Aureus)
Genus lowercase, species capitalized, both italicized (e.g., staphylococcus Aureus)
Genus and species both lowercase, underlined only (e.g., staphylococcus aureus)
What is a major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane; prokaryotes do not.
Prokaryotes have mitochondria; eukaryotes do not.
Eukaryotes lack ribosomes; prokaryotes have them.
Prokaryotes have a nucleus; eukaryotes do not.
Capsules and slime layers act as what type of property for cells?
Antiphagocytic properties
Photosynthetic properties
Motility properties
Osmotic regulation properties
Which of the following reagents is NOT used in Gram staining?
CV
Iodine
Methylene Blue
Safranin
What is the main reason why Gram staining differentiates between Gram positive and Gram negative organisms?
Increased peptidoglycan cell wall content for Gram positive organisms.
It stains the DNA of Gram negative organisms only.
It dissolves the plasma membrane of Gram positive organisms.
It reacts with the ribosomes of Gram negative organisms.
Exotoxins are released by which type of organisms?
Gram positive
Gram negative
Both Gram positive and Gram negative
Neither
What is the main characteristic of a pathogen?
Capable of eliciting an immune response
Unable to survive in any environment
Always beneficial to humans
Cannot reproduce
What is the difference between a true pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen?
A true pathogen can cause disease in a healthy host, while an opportunistic pathogen causes disease only in a compromised host.
A true pathogen only infects animals, while opportunistic pathogens infect plants.
A true pathogen requires a vector for transmission, while opportunistic pathogens do not.
A true pathogen is always viral, while opportunistic pathogens are always bacterial.
What is phagocytosis in the context of host defenses?
Phagocytosis is the process by which certain cells engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris.
Phagocytosis is the process by which cells release antibodies into the bloodstream.
Phagocytosis is the process by which viruses replicate inside host cells.
Phagocytosis is the process by which nutrients are absorbed from the digestive tract.
Innate immunity is defined as:
Inborn protection, genetically determined, non-specific
Acquired after exposure to antigens
Caused by gamma globulin activation
Only present in infants
Acquired immunity can be passive or active. Passive immunity is defined as ________.
temporary resistance to infection by administration of antibodies performed in another host, mother to infant
permanent resistance to infection by vaccination
immunity developed after exposure to a pathogen
immunity acquired through genetic inheritance
Which of the following is a sign of infection?
Decrease in WBC count
Increase in APR's
Decrease in APR's
No change in WBC count
What does humoral immunity involve?
Gamma globulin activation
Red blood cell production
Bone marrow suppression
Platelet aggregation
Cell mediated immunity involves which of the following cells?
T-helper cells
Cytotoxic T cells
NK cells
All of the above
Nosocomial infections are also known as ________.
Healthcare associated infections
Community acquired infections
Genetic disorders
Nutritional deficiencies
What is the most common BSL cabinet designation used?
BSL 2
BSL 1
BSL 3
BSL 4
What does MSDS (SDS) stand for in laboratory safety?
Material Safety Data Sheet (Safety Data Sheet)
Medical Safety Data Sheet (Safety Data Sheet)
Mechanical Safety Data Sheet (Safety Data Sheet)
Microbial Safety Data Sheet (Safety Data Sheet)
What are the three phases of specimen collection, transport, and processing?
Preanalytical, Analytical, Postanalytical
Preparation, Execution, Evaluation
Initiation, Processing, Completion
Collection, Storage, Analysis
What would be the most common collection technique for urine cultures.
Clean catch for urine cultures
Random sample
Refrigerated sample
Collect blood sample
What is an acceptable criterion for rejecting a sputum specimen?
Greater than 10 epithelial cells per low power field (epi PLF) seen in a sputum specimen
Presence of more than 25 neutrophils per low power field
Specimen collected after antibiotic therapy has started
Specimen with a purulent appearance
What does 'Selective' mean in the context of media types?
A) Anything will grow
B) Selects out for a specific group
C) Differentiated species of a certain group
D) None of the above
What does 'Nonselective' mean in the context of media types?
A) Anything will grow
B) Selects out for a specific group
C) Differentiated species of a certain group
D) None of the above
What does 'Differential' mean in the context of media types?
Anything will grow
Selects out for a specific group
Differentiated species of a certain group, based on certain criteria
None of the above
Name two incubation characteristics mentioned in the worksheet.
Mesophilic, thermophile, capnophilic, obligate, facultative (any two)
Anaerobic, phototrophic, halophilic, autotrophic (any two)
Psychrophilic, xerophilic, acidophilic, alkaliphilic (any two)
Parasitic, saprophytic, mutualistic, commensalistic (any two)
What might be considered a "preliminary" biochemical test used for organism ID.
Indole
Gram staining, Acid-fast staining
Sugar reduction
PCR, ELISA
What is the purpose of streaking methods in microbiology?
Isolation (for wounds) and quantitation (for urines)
To increase bacterial growth rate
To sterilize culture media
To identify viral infections
What is the difference between narrow spectrum and broad spectrum antibiotics?
Narrow spectrum antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, while broad spectrum antibiotics target a wide range of bacteria.
Narrow spectrum antibiotics are more effective against viruses, while broad spectrum antibiotics are only effective against fungi.
Narrow spectrum antibiotics can treat all types of infections, while broad spectrum antibiotics are limited to respiratory infections.
Narrow spectrum antibiotics are used for pain relief, while broad spectrum antibiotics are used for reducing fever.
Aminoglycosides interfere with which cellular process?
Protein synthesis
DNA replication
Cell wall synthesis
Lipid metabolism
What is the lowest amount of antibiotic needed to render a pathogen nonviable called?
MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)
MBC (Maximum Bactericidal Concentration)
LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%)
IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration 50%)
In microbroth dilution, what are you looking for in the last well?
No visible turbidity
Increased color intensity
Presence of precipitate
Foaming at the surface
What is the Gram stain interpretation for Staphylococci & Streptococci?
Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci
Gram positive bacilli
Gram negative bacilli
Which enzyme is used to differentiate Staph from Strep?
Catalase
Coagulase
Urease
Oxidase
Which technique is used to differentiate Staph species?
Slide/Bound Technique
Tube/Free Technique
Both a and b
None of the above
What is the hemolysis result for Staph aureus?
Beta
Alpha
Gamma
No hemolysis
What is the hemolysis result for Staph epi?
gamma
alpha
beta
delta
Which disease is associated with Staphylococci & Streptococci?
TSS
Pharyngitis
Abscess and wounds
All of the above
Which media is selective for the isolation of Staphylococci & Streptococci?
PEA
MacConkey agar
EMB agar
Sabouraud agar
MRSA is resistant to which antibiotic?
Cefoxitin
Amoxicillin
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Which of the following is a resistance mechanism in Staphylococci & Streptococci?
M (emm) Protein
ASO
Pneumolysin
Streptokinase
All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of Neisseria?
A) Gram positive cocci
B) Gram negative diplococci
C) Produces acid from all carbohydrates
D) Non-capnophilic
Which agar is used for the growth of Neisseria?
Blood agar
MTM agar
MacConkey agar
EMB agar
The infectious process of Neisseria involves attachment to mucus membranes of the host through _____
pili
flagella
capsule
fimbriae
Which of the following are species of Neisseria is shown to have glucose & lactose sugar reduction?
N. gonorrhoeae
N. meningitidis
N. lactamica
All of the above
Which carbohydrates are used for identification of Neisseria species?
Glucose, Maltose, Lactose
Sucrose, Fructose, Galactose
Mannose, Ribose, Xylose
None of the above
Moraxella catarrhalis does not produce acid from any carbohydrates.
True
False
Name one true pathogen from the Enterobacteriaceae family listed below.
Salmonella
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter cloacae
Which of the following is a distinctive growth characteristic of Proteus?
Swarming on BAP
Mucoid Pink on MAC
Black colonies on HEK
Blue pigment production
Which organism is associated with mucoid pink colonies on MAC for LF organisms?
Salmonella
Proteus
E. coli
Citrobacter
Fill in the blank: Black colonies on HEK are characteristic of ________.
Salmonella
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Shigella
Which of the following organisms is found in the normal flora of the G.I tract?
Shigella
Y. pestis
E. coli
Salmonella
Shigella is associated with which disease?
Bacillary dysentery
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Cholera
Which pigment is produced by Pseudomonas that gives a blue color?
Pyocyanin
Pyoverdin
Indole
Catalase
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Acinetobacter?
A) Gram-Neg coccobacilli
B) Oxidase positive
C) NLF on MAC
D) Can become an MDRO organism
Kingella is oxidase positive.
True
False
Vibrio is commonly found in ________.
sea water
fresh water
soil
air
Which of the following is a characteristic of Vibrio?
Found in fresh water
Halophilic organisms
Produces high levels of Urease
Causes Pontiac fever
Vibrio cholerae is associated with ________ stools.
Rice Water
Bloody
Mucous
Watery
Which test is positive for Vibrio?
Catalase Test
String Test
Coagulase Test
BYCE agar
Campylobacter is microaerophilic and ________.
Hydrophilic
Halophilic
Thermophilic
Acidophilic
Which of the following is true about Campylobacter?
Growth at 25°C
Oxidase=Pos
Found in ulcers
Mercury drop colonies
Helicobacter pylori is commonly found in ________.
Ulcers
Lungs
Kidneys
Blood
Haemophilus are Gram negative ________.
coccobacilli
cocci
bacilli
spirilla
H. ducreyi is described as a ________ of fish.
School
Flock
Pack
Herd
Which factor(s) does H. influenzae require for growth?
X only
V only
X & V
None
Legionella causes ________ disease.
Legionnaires
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Cholera
Which agar is used for Legionella?
Regan-Lowe agar
BYCE agar
TCBS agar
BAP
Bordetella pertussis causes ________ cough.
Whooping
Dry
Productive
Barking
Pasteurella is a ___ (abbreviation).
GNR
GPC
GNC
GPR
Which bacterium is associated with Rat Bite Fever?
Streptobacillus
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus anthracis
Which group includes Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium/Capnocytophaga, Eikenella, and Kingella?
HACEK Group
Enterobacteriaceae
Streptococcus Group
Mycobacterium Complex
Which bacterium is known for a bleach smell and is part of the HACEK group?
Eikenella
Haemophilus
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
What is the most common form of anthrax?
Cutaneous
Inhalational
Gastrointestinal
Oropharyngeal
Which Bacillus species is associated with food poisoning from leftover potato salad?
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus thuringiensis
Which test is used for toxin detection in Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Elek test (now there are PCR methods)
Mantoux test
Widal test
VDRL test
Which bacterium shows 'Chinese letter' morphology on gram stain?
Corynebacterium
Staphylococcus
Escherichia coli
Bacillus
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?
Agent of bioterrorism
Motile
Non-hemolytic
Catalase positive
Which bacterium is associated with lung infections?
C. jeikeium
C. urealyticum
Listeria
Gardnerella
Which bacterium is a urinary pathogen and produces high levels of urea (Rapid Pos)?
C. jeikeium
C. urealyticum
Lactobacillus
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
What is the optimal temperature for motility in Listeria?
25°C
37°C
4°C
50°C
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae has this characteristic positive results.
H2s
Indole
Catalase
Oxidase
Lactobacillus is found naturally in what part of the body and is considered normal flora for women.
Vaginal
Skin
Oral
GI
Which bacterium is associated with bacterial vaginosis and clue cells?
Gardnerella
Listeria
Borrelia
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Spirochetes are visualized by ______ microscopy.
darkfield
brightfield
phase contrast
fluorescence
Borrelia burgdorferi causes which disease?
Lyme disease
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Borrelia recurrentis is associated with which disease?
Relapsing fever
Lyme disease
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Q fever
Treponema pallidum is associated with which disease?
Venereal syphilis
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Trichomoniasis
Which of the following is NOT a stage of syphilis?
Primary
Secondary
Quaternary
Latent
Which test is used for screening Treponema pallidum and is a non-treponemal assay?
RPR
FTA-ABS
TPPA
PCR
What is the purpose of the FTA-ABS test in Treponema pallidum diagnosis?
Confirmation (Treponemal)
Screening (Non-treponemal)
Detection of viral infections
Measurement of blood glucose
Which group of anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli is most commonly isolated in the lab?
Bacteroides Fragilis group
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Prevotella melaninogenica
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella is associated with which type of infections?
Oral infections/Bites
Urinary tract infections
Skin fungal infections
Respiratory viral infections
Which anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli is pigmented and shows brick-red fluorescence under UV light?
Prevotella
Bacteroides fragilis
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Porphyromonas gingivalis
This stain is considered the "hot stain" for acid fast techniques.
Ziehl-Nelsen
Kinyoun
Gram
MPO
This agar is most widely used for the cultivation of mycobacteria species.
Lowenstein Jensen
BYCE
Bordet-Gengou
Triple iron
Processing mycobacteria specimens will require what step.
Decontamination
Heating
Conjugation
Fermentation
MTB is said to show what texture when grown on TB specific media?
Rough & Buff
Dry & Cracked
Mucoid & Stringy
Rough & Dry
