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DIGESTION PHYSIOLOGY

Total questions: 82

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The digestive functions of the digestive tract include:

a)

protective

b)

excretory

c)

endocrine

d)

participation in the regulation of erythropoiesis

e)

motor

2.

Membrane digestion occurs in:

a)

small intestine

b)

the stomach

c)

cecum

d)

oral cavity

e)

esophagus

3.

GIT functions are suppressed by:

a)

adrenaline

b)

motilin

c)

cholecystokinin

d)

serotonin

e)

gastrin

4.

The function of the digestive tract, which ensures the grinding, mixing and promotion of food, is:

a)

secretory

b)

suction

c)

motor

d)

protective

5.

The formation of hunger is associated with the activation of neurons:

a)

lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus

b)

ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus

c)

hippocampus

d)

associative nuclei of the thalamus

e)

cerebellum

6.

In the phase of sensory satiety:

a)

satiety center inhibits hunger center

b)

nutrients are deposited

c)

nutrient reserves mobilized

d)

nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine into the blood

e)

low nutrient blood activates hunger center

7.

The formation of a feeling of satiety is associated with the excitation of neurons:

a)

lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus

b)

ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus

c)

hippocampus

d)

cerebellum

e)

associative nuclei of the thalamus

8.

15-25 minutes after the start of a meal, a person usually experiences a feeling of fullness as a result of the activation of the mechanism:

a)

metabolic satiety

b)

sensory satiety

c)

nutrient absorption

d)

secretion of gastric juice

9.

A useful result of a functional digestive system is:

a)

tissue metabolism

b)

supply of nutrients from the depot

c)

the emergence of food dominance

d)

strengthening food dominance

e)

blood nutrient level satisfying the metabolic needs of the body

10.

Absorption of hydrolysis products into the blood in the intestine, their inclusion in metabolic processes ensures satiety:

a)

sensory

b)

metabolic

c)

primary

d)

quick

e)

deferred

11.

The satiety stage, due to the stimulation of the hypothalamus from the receptors of the oral cavity and stomach, is called:

a)

metabolic satiety

b)

true satiety

c)

sensory satiety

d)

humoral satiety

e)

neurohumoral satiety

12.

The satiety stage, due to the entry into the blood of food hydrolysis products, is called:

a)

metabolic satiety

b)

primary satiety

c)

touch satiety

13.

Hunger is:

a)

an emotionally negative specific sensation that signals the body's need for food

b)

is formed due to afferent excitations entering the center of hunger from mechano- and chemoreceptors of an empty stomach

c)

formed due to the effect of "hungry" blood on the center of hunger

d)

occurs when lowering the level of nutrients in the blood

e)

all of the above is true

14.

One of the mechanisms of "endogenous nutrition" as part of a functional system to maintain the concentration of nutrients in the blood at an optimal level is:

a)

food activities

b)

decrease in metabolic rate in tissues

c)

behavioral response

d)

eating

e)

all right

15.

One of the mechanisms of "endogenous nutrition" as part of a functional system to maintain the concentration of nutrients in the blood at an optimal level is:

a)

redistribution of nutrients in the body, extracting them from the depot

b)

food activities

c)

behavioral response

d)

eating

e)

all right

16.

The medulla oblongata is involved in the regulation of:

4 lines
17.

The orbit-frontal cortex of the large brain is involved in the initiation of:

a)

mechanism for assessing the body in nutrients

b)

feeding behavior

c)

digestive secretion

d)

sensory saturation

e)

true satiation

18.

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system:

a)

inhibits the secretion of saliva

b)

dilates the blood vessels of the salivary glands

c)

stimulates copious secretion of liquid saliva

d)

stimulates the secretion of a small amount of viscous saliva

e)

does not innervate the salivary glands

19.

Prevail regulatory mechanisms in the oral cavity is:

a)

humoral

b)

reflex

c)

local

d)

neurohumoral

e)

corrective

20.

Lysozyme determines the function of saliva:

(a)  

21.

Which of the following is a function of saliva?

a)

excretory

b)

protective

c)

trophic

d)

speech-forming

22.

Hypotonic saliva:

a)

provides high sensitivity of taste receptors

b)

increases the solubility of nutrients

c)

due to reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in relatively waterproof ducts of the salivary glands

d)

depends on the saliva flow rate through the excretory ducts

e)

all of the above is true

23.

The parasympathetic division of the ANS stimulates in the salivary glands:

a)

secretion of liquid serous saliva in large volumes

b)

contraction of myoepithelial cells around the acinus

c)

formation of a vasodilator - bradykinin

d)

increased blood flow

e)

all of the above is true

24.

Parasympathetic salivation center is located in:

a)

diencephalon

b)

medulla oblongata

c)

midbrain

d)

back brain

e)

cerebral cortex

25.

In relation to blood plasma, saliva is:

a)

hypotonic

b)

isotonic

c)

hypertonic

26.

The center of the sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands is located in:

a)

diencephalon

b)

medulla oblongata

c)

midbrain

d)

spinal cord

e)

cerebral cortex

27.

The digestive function of the salivary glands is determined by secretion of:

a)

erythropoietins, nerve growth factors

b)

amylases, maltases, in small amounts of phosphatase, lipase

c)

uric acid, urea, creatinine

d)

trypsinogen, pepsinogen

e)

calcium, zinc, copper, fluorides, etc.

28.

The excretory function of the salivary glands is to isolate:

a)

erythropoietins, mumps, nerve growth factors

b)

amylases, phosphatases, maltases, lipases

c)

uric acid, urea, creatinine

d)

trypsinogen, pepsinogen

e)

ions of calcium, zinc, copper, fluorides, etc.

29.

The trophic function of the salivary glands in relation to the teeth is determined by secretion:

a)

erythropoietins, mumps, nerve growth factors

b)

amylases, phosphatases, maltases, lipases

c)

uric acid, urea, creatinine

d)

trypsinogen, pepsinogen

e)

ions of calcium, zinc, copper, fluorides, etc.

30.

A small amount of saliva rich in organic substances is excreted in irritation:

a)

parasympathetic nerves

b)

sympathetic nerve

c)

vagus nerve

d)

additional nerve

e)

block nerve

31.

Abundant secretion of liquid saliva is caused by irritation:

a)

parasympathetic nerves

b)

sympathetic nerve

c)

oculomotor nerve

d)

additional nerve

e)

block nerve

32.

Irritation of the sympathetic nerves in the salivary glands provides:

a)

vasoconstriction

b)

vasodilation

c)

blood flow increases

d)

peripheral blood flow resistance decreases

e)

blood pressure decreases

33.

In the oral cavity are not absorbed:

(a)  

34.

Norepinephrine causes the release of a small amount of saliva, in the composition of which:

a)

few enzymes and electrolytes

b)

few mucin and enzymes

c)

many enzymes and mucin

d)

lots of electrolytes and little mucin

e)

many electrolytes and few enzymes

35.

The functions of saliva are:

a)

mechanical protection of the oral mucosa

b)

bactericidal

c)

hydrolysis of certain carbohydrates

d)

trophic teeth

e)

all right

36.

The swallowing center is located in:

a)

diencephalon

b)

midbrain

c)

cerebellum

d)

medulla oblongata

e)

hypothalamus

37.

Gastric mucus, neutralizing HCL and pepsins, performs the function of:

4 lines
38.

An enzyme which active in acidic environment, is:

a)

pepsin

b)

trypsin

c)

amylase

d)

chymotrypsin

e)

ribonuclease

39.

The secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is inhibited by:

a)

gastrin

b)

secretin

c)

histamine

d)

parasympathetic influences

e)

ribonuclease

40.

Digestion of carbohydrates in the stomach occurs under the influence of amylase:

a)

saliva

b)

pancreatic juice

c)

gastric juice

d)

intestinal juice

e)

incoming products

41.

The conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin is activated by:

a)

gastrin

b)

hydrochloric acid

c)

secretin

d)

amylase

e)

ribonuclease

42.

Denaturation and swelling of proteins in the stomach causes:

a)

Castle factor

b)

saliva

c)

pepsinogen

d)

gastrointestinal hormones

e)

HCL

43.

The hormone secreted in the pyloric region of the stomach and activates the parietal and main cells of the mucosa is called:

a)

secretin

b)

gastrin

c)

motilin

d)

cholecystokinin

e)

insulin

44.

With the least speed are evacuated from the stomach:

a)

proteins

b)

fats

c)

carbohydrates

d)

water

e)

vitamins

45.

Gastric secretion is inhibited by:

a)

proteins

b)

fats

c)

carbohydrates

d)

water

e)

vitamins

46.

Pepsinogen is:

a)

pepsin gene

b)

pepsin synthesis stimulator

c)

pepsin activator

d)

inactive form of pepsin

e)

gastrointestinal hormone

47.

The secretory function of the stomach is expressed in:

a)

isolation of metabolic products

b)

secretion of enzymes and HCL

c)

gastrin formation

d)

absorption of ions, water and metabolites

e)

regulation of water-salt metabolism

48.

The endocrine function of the stomach is expressed in:

a)

isolation of metabolic products

b)

secretion of enzymes and HCL

c)

gastrin formation

d)

absorption of ions, water and metabolites

e)

regulation of water-salt metabolism

49.

Excretory function of the stomach is expressed in:

4 lines
50.

Hematopoietic function of the stomach is expressed in:

a)

isolation of metabolic products

b)

secretion of enzymes and hcl

c)

gastrin formation

d)

absorption of ions, water and metabolites

e)

secretion of gastromucoprotein (Castle factor)

51.

Parietal cells secrete:

a)

HCO3-

b)

HCL

c)

saliva

d)

pepsinogen

e)

chymosin

52.

Hydrochloric acid of gastric juice:

a)

creates an acidic environment of gastric contents

b)

activates gastric juice enzymes

c)

causes denaturation of food proteins

d)

has a bactericidal effect

e)

all of the above is true

53.

Gastrin is formed in:

4 lines
54.

Which part of the stomach is being referred to?

a)

fundus of the stomach

b)

colon

c)

antrum

d)

ileum

55.

Gastrin secretion is activated:

a)

the sight, the smell of food

b)

the presence of food in the oral cavity

c)

intestinal chyme

d)

the presence of food in the stomach

e)

talking about food and food

56.

The phase of secretion of gastric juice, starting before food enters the stomach, is called:

a)

intestinal

b)

oral

c)

gastric

d)

cephalic

e)

secretory

57.

In the stomach, hydrochloric acid is secreted by:

a)

additional cells

b)

parietal cells

c)

main cells

d)

G cells

e)

endocrine cells

58.

Mucous stomach cells secrete:

a)

hydrochloric acid

b)

mucus

59.

The main factor of humoral regulation in the gastric phase of gastric secretion is:

a)

secretin

b)

gastrin

c)

enteroglucagon

d)

cholecystokinin

e)

glucose dependent peptide

60.

The intestinal phase of digestion in the stomach normally provides:

a)

preparation for optimal digestion of food

b)

maintaining a high level of secretory and motor functions of the stomach

c)

inhibition of the secretory and motor functions of the stomach

d)

"Firing" activity of the stomach

e)

regulation of the ileocecal sphincter

61.

Hydrochloric acid secretion occurs in:

a)

large intestine

b)

fundus of the stomach

c)

pyloric region of the stomach

d)

antrum

e)

small intestine

62.

Erythropoiesis is provided by:

a)

histamine

b)

(options not fully visible in the image)

63.

Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach is stimulated by:

a)

somatostatin

b)

prostaglandin

c)

secretin

d)

histamine

e)

glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone

64.

Gastric secretion is reduced by:

a)

alpha adrenergic blocker

b)

stimulator of M-cholinergic receptors

c)

H2 histamine receptor blocker

d)

H2 histamine receptor stimulator

e)

CCK receptor stimulator

65.

Secretion of gastric juice is stimulated by:

a)

sympathetic nerve irritation

b)

mechanical and chemical food irritation of the gastric mucosa

c)

parasympathetic denervation of the stomach

d)

increased acidity of chyme in the small intestine

e)

high acidity in the antrum

66.

Gastric hydrochloric acid: ________

a)

creates an acidic environment of gastric contents

b)

neutralizes the stomach pH

c)

aids in fat absorption directly

d)

is secreted by the pancreas

67.

Gastrin enhances:

a)

gastric secretion

b)

saliva secretion

c)

secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice

d)

mesenteric blood flow

e)

insulin secretion

68.

The motor activity of the stomach in a person in a state of hunger is the following:

a)

tone does not change, normal peristalsis

b)

the tone rises, periodically expressed peristalsis is observed

c)

tone decreases, peristalsis slows down

d)

the tone does not change, peristalsis slows down

e)

tone increases, peristalsis is absent

69.

The cerebral phase of gastric secretion is regulated by:

a)

secretin and cholecystokinin

b)

bile duct reflexes

c)

conditioned and unconditioned reflexes

d)

gastric receptor reflexes, gastrin and histamine

e)

insulin and glucagon

70.

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is regulated by:

a)

secretin and cholecystokinin

b)

gastrin and histamine

c)

insulin and glucagon

d)

bile duct reflexes

71.

Anemia develops with removing part of the stomach, due to a lack of:

a)

of hydrochloric acid

b)

pepsinogen

c)

Castle intrinsic factor

d)

fibrinogen

e)

thromboplastin

72.

Secretion of gastric juice under the influence of gastrin:

a)

amplified

b)

does not change

c)

decreases

d)

slightly decreases

e)

ceases

73.

The intestinal phase of gastric secretion is mainly regulated by:

a)

secretin, cholecystokinin, enterogastrin

b)

adrenaline, norepinephrine

c)

conditioned and unconditioned reflexes

d)

reflexes of the stomach, histamine

e)

insulin and glucagon

74.

The medium of gastric juice at the top of gastric digestion:

(a)  

75.

Stomach motility is stimulated by:

a)

gastrin

b)

histamine

c)

secretin

d)

cholecystokinin

e)

vasointestinal peptide

76.

The motility of the stomach slows down by:

a)

gastrin

b)

motilin

c)

serotonin

d)

villikinin

e)

secretin

77.

Pepsin breaks down:

a)

nucleic acids to nucleotides

b)

carbohydrates for monosaccharides

c)

disaccharides on monosaccharides

d)

proteins to oligopeptides

e)

fats for monoglycerides and fatty acids

78.

The effects of gastrin include stimulation of the secretion of ________ in the stomach.

a)

hydrochloric acid

b)

bile

c)

insulin

d)

amylase

79.

Pepsinogen is activated by:

a)

trypsin

b)

enterokinase

c)

hydrochloric acid

d)

mucus

e)

bile

80.

Pepsin:

a)

breaks down proteins in the stomach at alkaline pH

b)

breaks down proteins in the duodenum in an alkaline medium

c)

breaks down proteins in the stomach in an acidic medium

d)

breaks down carbohydrates in the stomach in an acidic medium

e)

breaks down lipids in the duodenum in an acidic medium

81.

The following types of motor activity are characteristic of the small intestine:

a)

rhythmic segmentation

b)

pendulum movements

c)

tonus change

d)

peristalsis

e)

all right

82.

Secretin:

a)

secreted by S-cells of the small intestine

b)

secreted by chief cells of the stomach

c)

secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas

d)

secreted by G-cells of the stomach

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