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Biology Regent's Review

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 3hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A vaccine contains...

a)

cow pox

b)

a small amount of the pathogen that is weakened or dead

c)

a large amount of the pathogen

d)

small pox

2.
Disease-causing microorganism, such as a bacterium or virus.
a)
pathogen 
b)
allergen
c)
prion 
d)
antigen 
3.
Caffeine is a compound found in the seeds of many different plants, such as coffee beans, cola nuts, and cacao beans (the source of chocolate). The presence of this chemical in all three types of plants suggests that these plants
a)
inherited identical mutations
b)
share a common ancestry
c)
were exposed to the same type of radiation in the past 
d)
were cloned from a caffeine plant
4.
The corn we eat today is larger and has more kernels than the corn people first grew thousands of years ago. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have occurred? 
a)
mitosis
b)
direct harvesting
c)
succession
d)
selective breeding
5.
Which substance is an inorganic molecule?
a)
water
b)
starch
c)
DNA
d)
fat
6.
The technique used to separate the DNA for analysis is 
a)
genetic engineering
b)
chromatography
c)
electrophoresis
d)
protein synthesis
7.
This part of the experiment serves as a basis of comparison; the one variable being tested has been omitted. 
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
data
d)
variables
8.
A __________ includes all living and non-living things in an environment. 
a)
population
b)
niche
c)
abitotic
d)
ecosystem
9.
Which group do fungi, bacteria, and termites belong to?
a)
decomposers
b)
producers
c)
herbivores
d)
omnivores
10.
Which organism make their own food through the process of photosynthesis? 
a)
decomposer
b)
consumer
c)
herbivore
d)
producer 
11.
the process by which a new community forms where no community lived before 
a)
resource
b)
invasive (non- native) species
c)
primary succession
d)
competition
12.
Continued depletion of the ozone layer will most likely result in
a)
an increase in skin cancer among humans 
b)
a decrease in atmospheric pollutants 
c)
an increase in marine ecosystem stability 
d)
a decrease in climatic changes
13.
The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?
a)
lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere
b)
lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere
c)
higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
d)
higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere
14.
An error in DNA copying that results in a new trait
a)
Homeostasis
b)
Mutation
c)
Natural Selection
d)
Selective Breeding
15.
What process is being shown in this image?
a)
Variation
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Selective Breeding
d)
Homeostasis
16.

If body temperature is too high, some blood vessels increase in size and sweat glands will excrete sweat, resulting in a lower body temperature. These changes are an example of

a)

a learned behavior

b)

feedback mechanisms

c)

an inherited disorder

d)

genetic mutations

17.

Which process must first take place in order for the proteins in foods to be used by body cells?

a)

digestion

b)

storage

c)

synthesis

d)

excretion

18.

Which statement is characteristic of reproduction in humans?

a)

The reproductive cells of males and females differ in chromosome number.

b)

Males and females produce gametes in the ovaries.

c)

Males and females produce the same number of gametes.

d)

The reproductive cycles of males and females are regulated by hormones.

19.

The diagram below represents the formation of a cancerous growth. Which statement best explains the events represented in this diagram?

a)

A gene mutation caused the cells to become muscle cells.

b)

The growth resulted from the introduction of a vaccine.

c)

A gene mutation caused abnormal mitotic cell division

d)

The growth resulted from uncontrolled meiotic cell division.

20.

A diagram of the female reproductive system is shown below. Identify the structure within which the egg cell is normally fertilized.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

21.

Five different living organisms are represented below. Which statement about the organisms represented above is correct?

a)

All of the organisms are autotrophs.

b)

Only the flowering plant, green heron, and aquatic plant carry out photosynthesis.

c)

Only the frog and green heron can maintain homeostasis

d)

All of the organisms pass on traits through reproduction.

22.

Mistletoe is an evergreen shrub that can produce most of its own food. Often, mistletoe can be found living on trees and taking water and nutrients away from the tissues of the trees. The relationship between mistletoe and trees is an example of

a)

consumer/herbivore

b)

predator/prey

c)

scavenger/decomposer

d)

parasite/host

23.

The diagram below represents an important biological technique scientists rely on to produce replacement hormones. Which two processes are required for the technique to successfully produce hormones?

a)

replication of DNA in bacterial cells and cell division

b)

replication of DNA in bacterial cells and gamete formation

c)

meiosis and development

d)

mitosis and fertilization

24.

Research has shown that treadmill training increases the number of certain energy-releasing structures in the brain cells of rats.The cellular structures referred to in this study are most likely

a)

mitochondria

b)

nuclei

c)

vacuoles

d)

ribosomes

25.

In an effort to reduce the number of deaths due to malaria, scientists have successfully introduced a gene into mosquitoes. The gene makes the mosquitoes unable to support development of the parasite that causes malaria. The technique used to produce this new variety of mosquito is most likely

a)

chromotography

b)

genetic engineering

c)

electrophoresis of genes

d)

selective breeding

26.

Acid rain is a major problem in the Adirondack Mountains. Evidence that acid rain negatively affected the Adirondack ecosystem is that

a)

this rain has increased the amount of water in Adirondack lakes

b)

there has been a decrease in the variety of fish found in Adirondack lakes

c)

the amount of carbon dioxide in the air over the Adirondack Mountains has drastically decreased in recent years

d)

the number of heterotrophic organisms in Adirondack lakes has increased

27.
How can you make an experiment more valid?
a)
Increase the sample size
b)
Repeat the experiment
c)
Add more trials 
d)
All of the above 
28.

The following events occur during sexual reproduction:

A. mitosis

B. meiosis

C. fertilization

D. birth

Which sequence represents the correct order of these events during sexual reproduction?

a)

A → C → B → D

b)

B → C → A → D

c)

C → B → A → D

d)

B → A → C → D

29.
Students in a science class took their pulse rates before and after they ran in place for one minute. The class data showed that pulse rates increased with exercise. A graph of the data would look most like (SEE DIAGRAM)
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
30.

Which two systems work together to maintain homeostasis while transporting oxygen throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide?

a)

circulatory and respiratory

b)

respiratory and excretory

c)

circulatory and digestive

d)

respiratory and digestive

31.

Based on the graph, what is the optimum temperature for this enzyme? 

a)
15 C
b)
40 C
c)
30 C
32.

When a cell shrinks in size, what type of solution was added to it?

a)

Salt solution

b)

Tap water

c)

distilled water

d)

iodine solution

33.

Substance X directly supplies energy for various life functions, as shown in the diagram below. Which substance is represented by X in the diagram?

a)

ATP

b)

DNA

c)

starch

d)

glucose

34.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered or denatured
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
35.

What is letter C pointing to?

a)

active site

b)

enzyme

c)

substrate

d)

products

36.

What is the correct order of organization?

a)

cells->tissue->organs->organ systems-> organism

b)

tissue->cells->organs->organ systems-> organism

c)

organs->organ systems-> organism->cells->tissue

37.

An animal or plant's job in the ecosystem =

a)

biodiversity

b)

organism

c)

population

d)

niche

38.

The biggest number of animals a place can support. (Depends on resources.)

a)

ecological succession

b)

carrying capacity

c)

limiting factor

39.

The lowest layer of a food web would have

a)

carnivores

b)

ecosystems

c)

autotrophs

d)

saprophytes

40.
How much energy is available to be passed on to the next trophic level in an ecosystem?
a)
100%
b)
10%
c)
50%
d)
75%
41.
What do the arrows represent in this diagram?
a)
who is being eaten
b)
the flow of energy
c)
the decomposition of organisms
d)
what things can change into
42.
In an energy pyramid, energy_______ as you move up the pyramid.
a)
Increases
b)
Decreases
c)
Stays the same
d)
Changes up and down
43.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
44.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
45.

According to the phylogenic tree which organism is LEAST closely related?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

46.
Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
47.

In an experiment, where would you label the dependent variable

a)

y axis

b)

x axis

c)

The top of the graph

d)

Bottom of paper

48.

Cellular Respiration?

a)

nutrients to make carbon dioxide and oxygen

b)

Cell that makes carbon dioxide and oxygen

c)

process that uses carbon dioxide to make energy

d)

Process that uses oxygen and nutrients to produce energy

49.

Guard Cell?

a)

Specialized cells that control the opening and closing of the pores on the surface of a leaf

b)

Help the cell wall and cell membrane

c)

found in plant and animal cell

d)

makes energy and food

50.

What is a quantitative observation?

a)

An observation that involves measurement and can be expressed numerically.

b)

An observation based on personal feelings and opinions.

c)

An observation that cannot be measured or counted.

d)

An observation that is purely theoretical and not based on real data.

51.

White blood cells are most closely associated with which two body systems?

a)

circulatory and digestive

b)

immune and circulatory

c)

digestive and excretory

d)

excretory and immune

52.

The hair colors of the members of a family are listed below.

mother – brown hair

father – blond hair

older son – brown hair

younger son – blond hair

The hair colors of the sons are most likely a direct result of

a)

natural selection in males

b)

heredity

c)

evolution

d)

environmental influences

53.

Carmine, a compound that comes from the cochineal beetle, shown above, is used as a food coloring.The food coloring is not harmful to most people, but in a small number of individuals, it causes a reaction and affects their ability to breathe. This response to carmine is known as

a)

a stimulus

b)

an allergy

c)

natural selection

d)

an adaptation

54.

As a way to reduce the number of cases of malaria, a human tropical disease, a specific DNA sequence is inserted into the reproductive cells of Anopheles mosquitoes. Which process was most likely used to alter these mosquitoes? cloning studies

a)

cloning studies

b)

genetic engineering

c)

natural selection

d)

random mutations

55.

The process of transferring energy during respiration occurs in a series of steps. This prevents too much heat from being released at one time. Maintaining an appropriate temperature is beneficial to an organism because

a)

enzymes need a proper range of temperatures to catalyze vital reactions

b)

cellular waste products can only be excreted in cooler temperatures

c)

hormones can only produce antibodies if temperatures are not excessive

d)

nutrients diffuse faster into cells when temperatures are lower

56.

Which action could humans take to slow the rate of global warming?

a)

Cut down trees for more efficient land use.

b)

Increase the consumption of petroleum products.

c)

Use alternate sources of energy such as wind.

d)

Reduce the use of fuel-efficient automobiles.

57.

The process of embryonic development is represented in the diagram.

The arrows in the diagram each represent a process known as

a)

mitotic cell division

b)

meiotic cell division

c)

fertilization of gamete cells

d)

differentiation of tissues

58.
 The first successful transplant of insulin producing cells from a living donor pancreas was completed in April 2000 in Japan. This enabled the body of the recipient to
a)
regulate fat concentration by a feedback mechanism
b)
provide protection against an infectious disease
c)
 slow down the heart rate after a period of activity ends
d)
 maintain blood sugar levels throughout the day
59.
Which type of organism helps to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide?
a)
Carnivores
b)
Producers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Herbivores
60.
Testosterone directly affects the
a)
formation of a zygote
b)
changes within an ovary
c)
 production of sperm cells
d)
development of a placenta
61.
In the cells of the human body, oxygen molecules are used directly in a process that
a)
 releases energy
b)
 digests fat
c)
synthesizes carbohydrate molecules
d)
 alters the genetic traits of the cell
62.
Which statement explains the importance of maintaining a constant internal environment to ensure proper enzyme functioning?
a)
 Changes in pH and temperature will cause the enzyme reaction rate to be too fast.
b)
Temperature and pH determine amino acid sequences in enzymes
c)
Changes in pH will change the genetic instructions of enzymes
d)
Increasing the temperature and pH can alter the specific shape of enzymes.
63.
Which technique could be used to determine the relative number of bases in fragments taken from a sample of DNA?
a)
electrophoresis
b)
cloning
c)
chromatography
d)
light microscopy
64.
What is the first thing that would happen in this food chain if the grass died?
Sun -> Grass -> Mouse -> Snake -> Hawk
a)
The snake population would increase
b)
the mouse population would increase
c)
the mouse population would decrease
d)
the hawk population would decrease
65.
How much DNA do you receive from one parent in sexual reproduciton
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
66.

In mRNA what pairs with Adenine?

a)

Thymine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

67.

How many components are in blood?

a)

4

b)

1

c)

9

d)

3

68.

How does hydrolysis work?

a)

Adds water to large molecules to gain smaller molecules

b)

It takes water away from small molecules to make large molecules

c)

It is not a process in the human body

d)

It helps produce progesterone in the female reproductive system

69.

What is this called:

a)

Gel Electrophoresis

b)

Chemical Reaction

c)

Protein Synthesis

d)

Lock and Key Model

70.

The formula for photosynthesis is:

a)

There is no formula

b)

O2+C6H12O6----Chemical Energy--->CO2+H2O+ATP

c)

The formula is unknown

d)

Carbon Dioxide, Water, Chemical Energy, produce glucagon and H2O2

e)

CO2+H2O----Solar Energy--->C6 H12 O6+O2

71.
Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis?
a)
nucleus and chloroplast
b)
ribosome and vacuole
c)
nucleus and ribosome
d)
mitochondria and cell membrane
72.
In the diagram below; the dark dots indicate small molecules. These molecules are moving out of the cells as indicated by the arrows. The number of dots inside and outside of the two cells represents the relative concentrations of the molecules inside and outside of the cells. ATP is being used to move the molecules out of the cell by
a)
Cell A 
b)
Cell B 
c)
both Cell A and B
d)
neither Cell A or B
73.
What is it called when cells specialize, and "choose" an identity?
a)
variation
b)
differentiation
c)
biodiversity
d)
abiotic factors
74.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) 8. on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
 Several of the Galapagos Islands are inhabited by grasshoppers, beetles, flies, bees, and butterflies. Finches that feed on these consumers would have beaks adapted for 
a)
probing, only 
b)
probing or grasping 
c)
crushing or probing 
d)
parrotlike feeding or grasping 
75.
What did the beak type of finches on different islands tell Darwin?
a)
Finch populations evolved over time to favor beaks based on food type
b)
Finch populations had not evolved over time
c)
The finch beaks had no relationship to the available food on the islands
d)
Humans artificially selected finches based on their desired beak type

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