WorksheetsOrganic Evolution Test #1 G
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
Fill in the blank: Selection on Viability occurs when individuals of a particular phenotype ______ to reproductive age at higher rates than individuals with other phenotypes.
survive
migrate
mutate
compete
Fill in the blank: Selection on Fecundity occurs when individuals with particular phenotypes ______ more offspring during reproduction than individuals with other phenotypes.
produce
consume
eliminate
ignore
What is the selection coefficient (s)?
A measure of the strength of natural selection for or against a specific phenotype or genotype
The number of individuals in a population
The color of an organism's coat
The amount of food available in an environment
Fill in the blank: Fitness of one phenotype (dark) = ___.
1
0.5
0
2
Fill in the blank: Fitness of the other phenotype (light) = ___.
1-s
s-1
1+s
s
What does s=0 indicate?
100% reduction in fitness
No selection against this allele
Fitness of dark phenotype is 0
Fitness of light phenotype is 1
What does s=1 indicate?
No selection against this allele
100% reduction in fitness
Fitness of dark phenotype is 1
Fitness of light phenotype is 0
Fill in the blank: According to Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, the allele frequencies in a population will not change from one _______ to the next.
generation
species
habitat
chromosome
Fill in the blank: If the allele frequencies in a population are given by p and q, the genotype frequencies will be given by p2 , 2pq, and q^2.
p2
2p2
pq2
p+q
Based on the diagram, what are the initial allele frequencies for B1 and B2 in the population of mice?
B1: 0.6, B2: 0.4
B1: 0.4, B2: 0.6
B1: 0.5, B2: 0.5
B1: 0.7, B2: 0.3
According to the diagram, what is the final allele frequency of B1 after selection?
0.675
0.500
0.800
0.250
What percentage of B1B2 heterozygotes die due to selection in this population?
0%
25%
50%
75%
Fill in the blank: After selection, the number of B2B2 adults in the population is _____
8
4
12
0
The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after selection.
True
False
What is the calculated frequency of the B1B1 genotype among zygotes before selection?
16
36
48
100
Refer to the graph and table titled 'Strength of Selection & Allele Frequency Change.' Which selection scheme results in the fastest increase in the frequency of allele B1?
A) 100, 90.0, 80.0
B) 100, 98.0, 96.0
C) 100, 99.0, 98.0
D) 100, 99.8, 99.6
According to the graph and table titled 'Strength of Selection & Allele Frequency Change,' as the strength of selection decreases, the rate at which the frequency of allele B1 increases _________?
decreases
increases
remains constant
fluctuates unpredictably
Based on the table in the figure 'Strength of Selection & Allele Frequency Change,' what is the percent surviving for genotype B2B2 in the weakest selection scheme?
99.6
95.2
90.8
85.4
What is the actual genotype frequency of B₁B₁ given 15 out of 80 individuals have this genotype?
0.1875
0.1125
0.2250
0.3750
What is the actual genotype frequency of B₁B₂ given 50 out of 80 individuals have this genotype?
0.625
0.5
0.8
0.375
What is the actual genotype frequency of B₂B₂ given 15 out of 80 individuals have this genotype?
0.1875
0.1125
0.375
0.025
What is the predicted genotype frequency of B₁B₁ using the Hardy-Weinberg equation p², if p = 0.5?
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
What is the predicted genotype frequency of B₁B₂ using the Hardy-Weinberg equation 2pq, if p = 0.5 and q = 0.5?
0.5
0.25
1.0
0.75
What is the predicted genotype frequency of B₂B₂ using the Hardy-Weinberg equation q², if q = 0.5?
0.25
0.5
0.75
0.1
According to the diagram, what percentage of B₁B₁ and B₂B₂ genotypes die due to selection?
40%
20%
60%
10%
In populations starting only with heterozygotes, what will happen to allele frequencies over time?
Allele frequencies will remain constant over time.
Allele frequencies will increase rapidly.
Allele frequencies will decrease to zero.
Allele frequencies will fluctuate randomly.
According to the diagram for Generation #1, what are the initial allele frequencies for the '+' and 'l' alleles?
+: 0.67, l: 0.33
+: 0.5, l: 0.5
+: 0.33, l: 0.67
+: 1.0, l: 0.0
What is the final allele frequency of the '+' allele after selection in Generation #1?
0.67
0.45
0.80
0.25
In Generation #1, which genotype has 100% mortality due to selection?
+/+
+/l
l/l
All genotypes
How many adults of the +/l genotype are present after selection in Generation #1?
50
0
25
100
Fill in the blank: In Generation #1, the number of juveniles with the +/+ genotype is ____.
25
10
40
5
According to the diagram for Generation #2, what is the initial frequency of the '+' allele?
0.67
0.25
0.50
0.80
According to the diagram for Generation #2, what is the final frequency of the 'I' allele?
0.25
0.50
0.75
0.10
In Generation #2, which genotype has 100% mortality due to selection?
A) +/+
B) +/I
C) I/I
How many adults of the +/I genotype are present in Generation #2?
44
32
27
15
What is the change in frequency of the '+' allele from the initial to the final state in Generation #2?
The frequency increases from 0.67 to 0.75.
The frequency decreases from 0.75 to 0.67.
The frequency remains constant at 0.67.
The frequency decreases from 0.67 to 0.50.
What are the initial allele frequencies in Generation #3?
+: 0.75, I: 0.25
+: 0.80, I: 0.20
+: 0.50, I: 0.50
+: 0.25, I: 0.75
What are the final allele frequencies in Generation #3?
+: 0.75, I: 0.25
+: 0.80, I: 0.20
+: 0.50, I: 0.50
+: 0.25, I: 0.75
How many zygotes of genotype I/I are present in Generation #3?
6
2
4
8
What happens to individuals with the I/I genotype during selection in Generation #3?
100% survive
100% die
50% survive
No effect
Fill in the blank: The number of adults with genotype +/+ in Generation #3 is ____.
56
42
68
34
Refer to the graph titled 'Prediction: Allele Frequency'. Which allele increases in frequency over the generations?
A) Dominant allele (+)
B) Recessive allele (l)
C) Both alleles
D) Neither allele
At generation 1, what is the approximate frequency of the recessive allele (l)?
0.4
0.1
0.6
0.8
True or False: The frequency of the dominant allele (+) decreases over the generations.
True
False
According to the information provided, evolution by selection is rapid when a recessive allele is:
Rare
Common
Absent
Dominant
Fill in the blank: Evolution by selection is slow, when a recessive allele is _____
rare
common
dominant
expressed
Based on the graphs shown, what happens to the frequency of a lethal recessive allele over generations?
It increases rapidly
It decreases rapidly at first, then more slowly
It remains constant
It increases slowly
Based on the diagram 'Selection on a Common Recessive Allele', what are the initial allele frequencies for the '+' and 'l' alleles?
A) +: 0.05, l: 0.95
B) +: 0.35, l: 0.65
C) +: 0.50, l: 0.50
D) +: 0.95, l: 0.05
According to the diagram, what percentage of the I/I genotype dies due to selection?
5%
50%
95%
100%
Fill in the blank: After selection, the final allele frequencies are +: ___ and l: ___.
+ : 0.35, l : 0.65
+ : 0.50, l : 0.50
+ : 0.20, l : 0.80
+ : 0.60, l : 0.40
How many adults of the I/I genotype are present after selection according to the diagram?
45.5
0
10
100
The number of +/+ adults remains the same before and after selection according to the diagram.
True
False
According to the diagram, what are the initial allele frequencies for the + and l alleles?
+ : 0.95, l : 0.05
+ : 0.05, l : 0.95
+ : 0.50, l : 0.50
+ : 0.90, l : 0.10
What happens to individuals with the I/I genotype according to the selection diagram?
50% die
100% die
None die
25% die
Fill in the blank: After selection, the number of adults with the I/I genotype is _____.
0
1
2
3
Match the following genotypes to the number of zygotes before selection:
+/+
902.5
+/I
95
I/I
2.5
According to the diagram, do the allele frequencies change after selection?
Yes
No
According to the graph, which genotype has the lowest fraction surviving?
AA
Aa
aa
According to the graph, what is the fraction surviving for genotype AA?
0.4
0.2
0.6
0.8
FIGURE 7.4 shows a marble at the bottom of a rounded cup. What concept does this represent?
Unstable equilibrium
Stable equilibrium
Genetic drift
Mutation
What is heterozygote superiority (overdominance)?
A) A situation in which homozygotes at a particular locus tend to have a higher fitness than heterozygotes.
B) A situation in which heterozygotes at a particular locus tend to have a higher fitness than homozygotes.
C) A situation in which all genotypes have equal fitness.
D) A situation in which fitness is unrelated to genotype.
According to the genotype fitness table, which genotype has the highest fitness?
VV
VL
LL
Fill in the blank: The fitness value for genotype LL is _____
0
1
0.5
2
Based on the graph, what happens to the frequency of the viable allele over generations according to the model tailored to fit initial data?
The frequency of the viable allele increases over generations.
The frequency of the viable allele decreases over generations.
The frequency of the viable allele remains constant over generations.
The frequency of the viable allele fluctuates randomly over generations.
What is the general result of overdominance in a population?
Only one allele is maintained
Multiple alleles are maintained at a stable equilibrium
All alleles are lost
Only homozygotes survive
Equilibrium in the context of selection favoring heterozygotes represents the balance between the selective advantage of the heterozygote and the selective disadvantage of a _________?
homozygote
gamete
zygote
chromosome
Based on the genotype fitness table, which genotype has the highest fitness in both scenarios?
A) VV
B) VL
C) LL
According to the note, if the L allele is less bad, what happens to the equilibrium frequency of L?
It is lower
It is higher
It stays the same
What does overdominance lead to?
Genetic drift
Balanced polymorphism
Directional selection
Genetic bottleneck
Fill in the blank: A stable equilibrium that is polymorphic, where both alleles are present, is called a ________.
balanced polymorphism
genetic drift
directional selection
founder effect
According to the diagram, what happens to the frequency of allele A1 when it starts at a high frequency?
Its frequency declines.
Its frequency increases.
Its frequency remains constant.
Its frequency fluctuates randomly.
Balancing selection leads to a balanced polymorphism.
True
False
What does the marble at the bottom of the rounded cup in Figure 7.4 represent?
A stable equilibrium.
An unstable equilibrium.
A state of constant motion.
A point of maximum energy.
What is heterozygote inferiority (underdominance)?
A situation in which heterozygotes at a particular locus tend to have a higher fitness than homozygotes.
A situation in which heterozygotes at a particular locus tend to have a lower fitness than homozygotes.
A situation in which all genotypes have equal fitness.
A situation in which only heterozygotes survive.
According to the example provided, which organism was studied for selection favoring homozygotes?
Homo sapiens
Drosophila melanogaster
Mus musculus
Arabidopsis thaliana
Based on the table, what is the fitness value of the genotype C(2) C(3) in Drosophila melanogaster?
0
0.5
1
0.25
Based on the table, which genotypes have the highest fitness value?
A) C(2) C(2) and C(3) C(3)
B) C(2) C(3) only
C) All genotypes have equal fitness
D) None of the above
According to the slide 'Selection Favoring Homozygotes', what happens to allele frequencies when they are above or below equilibrium?
They remain constant
They change rapidly
They decrease slowly
They increase slowly
In the context of 'Selection Favoring Homozygotes', what is the term used to describe the equilibrium where allele frequencies change rapidly when above or below it? Fill in the blank: This is called __________ equilibrium.
unstable
stable
neutral
fixed
The graphs illustrate what about the frequency of C2 and N2 alleles over generations in mixed populations with different initial allele frequencies?
The allele frequencies tend to stabilize over generations regardless of initial frequencies.
The allele frequencies always increase over generations.
The allele frequencies decrease to zero over generations.
The allele frequencies fluctuate randomly without any pattern.
According to the diagram, what is the initial frequency of allele C(2)?
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
What happens to individuals with the 2/3 genotype during selection according to the diagram?
50% die
100% die
None die
25% die
Fill in the blank: After selection, the number of adults with genotype 2/2 is _____.
25
10
40
5
What are the final allele frequencies for C(2) and C(3) after selection according to the diagram?
C(2) = 0.25, C(3) = 0.75
C(2) = 0.50, C(3) = 0.50
C(2) = 0.75, C(3) = 0.25
C(2) = 1.00, C(3) = 0.00
Fill in the blank: The number of juveniles with genotype 3/3 after selection is _____.
25
10
40
32
Based on the diagram, what is the initial frequency of allele C(2)?
0.45
0.55
0.60
0.40
According to the diagram, what happens to the 2/3 genotype during selection?
All survive
50% die
100% die
None die
Fill in the blank: The final frequency of allele C(2) is _____
0.60
0.25
0.45
0.80
How many adults of genotype 3/3 are present at the end of the process?
30
20
50
0
Which genotype is completely eliminated after selection according to the diagram?
2/2
2/3
3/3
None
What is the initial frequency of allele C(2) in the population?
0.60
0.25
0.40
0.75
After selection, what is the final frequency of allele C(2)?
0.69
0.45
0.82
0.31
Which genotype is completely eliminated by selection in this population?
2/3
1/2
1/3
3/4
How many adults of genotype 3/3 are present after selection?
16
0
8
24
The frequency of allele C(2) increased after selection.
True
False
In the case of underdominance, which genotype has the lowest fitness?
A) A1A1
B) A1A2
C) A2A2
According to FIGURE 7.17, what happens to the A1 allele if its frequency starts above the critical threshold (dashed line)?
It goes to fixation.
It is lost from the population.
Its frequency remains constant.
It fluctuates randomly.
According to FIGURE 7.17, what happens to the A1 allele if its frequency starts below the critical threshold (dashed line)?
It is lost from the population.
It becomes fixed in the population.
Its frequency remains unchanged.
It increases rapidly in frequency.
What type of equilibrium does this represent?
Stable equilibrium
Unstable equilibrium
Neutral equilibrium
What happens to the fitness associated with a trait as the frequency of the trait increases in positive frequency dependent selection?
It decreases
It stays the same
It increases
It fluctuates randomly
