WorksheetsPharma Models Quiz
Total questions: 163
Worksheet time: 1hrs 24mins
Factors affecting simple diffusion include the following except :
Gradient (Concentration of drugs & Electric of ions)
Molecular weight & size.
the presence of a protein carrier
For weak base and acid drugs:
The unionized (non-polar) form is lipid soluble and easily absorbed.
The unionized (non-polar) form is water soluble and easily absorbed.
Ionized (polar) form of drugs is lipid soluble and easily absorbed
Filtration of drugs is characterized by the following except :
Along hydrostatic and osmotic gradients
No carrier or energy needed
Molecular weight in more than 500
Filtration of drugs is characterized by the following except :
Along hydrostatic and osmotic gradients
a protein carrier is needed
Molecular weight in less than 500
Facilitated Diffusion is characterized by the following except :
Along concentration gradient
Needs a protien carrier → Site for Saturation & Competition .
Energy is needed.
Active Transport is characterized by the following except :
Against concentration gradient
Needs a protien carrier
No energy or enzymes are needed
Absorption of Vit B12 + Intrinsic factor occurs by:
Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)
Facilitated Diffusion
Filtration
Absorption of Glucose occurs by:
Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Factors affecting absorption include the following except :
solubility, ionization , and valency of Drugs.
route of administration, surface area and vascularity.
number of plasma proteins
Disadvantages of Oral route include the following except :.
rapid onset.
produce G.I.T. upsets.
first pass effect.
Sublingual route is characterized by the following except :.
Rapid onset .
Bypass first pass effect
The drug could be irritant or acidic.
First pass effect to the drugs:
It can occur in the GIT or liver
It can occur in the kidney
It can occur in the lung.
Rectal route is characterized by the following except :
Slow onset
Bypass first pass effect,
Useful in vomiting and uncooperative patients,
Increase absorption of Sub cutaneous injection by except :
massage and heat
combine drug with hyaluronidase enzyme
combine drug with adrenaline
Intramuscular injection is characterized by the following except:
slow absorption
drugs may be irritant.
drugs may be water soluble, suspension, or oil
Parenteral routes include the following except:
Subcutaneous pellet implantation
intra bone marrow route
sublingual route
Intra venous route has the following advantages except:
100 % bioavailability ,
suitable in irritant and large volumes drugs.
lipid soluble drugs could be given.
Skin rout of absorption can be enhanced by except:
Ionophoresis.
Inunction.
Cooling the skin
skin and transdermal delivery system has the following advantages except:
prolonged blood level with minimal fluctuations,
Better patient compliance.
it needs low lipid solubility of drugs
Drugs bound to plasma protein are characterized by the following except:
depot form of drugs.
site for drug interactions.
Easily excreted.
Two compartments distribution of drugs include the following except:
Ionized form of drugs
High molecular weight drugs.
Non bound form of drugs
Distribution of drugs All over the body include the following except:
Non-ionized form of drugs.
low molecular weight drugs.
bound form of drugs.
Placental Barrier is characterized by the following except:
composed of Epithelium of Fetal Villi & Capillary endothelium.
poor in enzymatic activity.
Drugs that pass placental barrier may cause Neonatal malformations .
The following are examples of phase I metabolism except:
Hydrolysis of Di-acetyl-morphine → Acetic acid + Morphine .
Toxification of Methyl alcohol → Formaldehyde
Conjugation of Glucuronic acid with Aspirin.
The following are examples of phase II metabolism except:
Conjugation of Glucuronic acid with Aspirin.
acetylation of sulphonamide
Toxification of Methyl alcohol → Formaldehyde
Nicotine Site Of Biotransformation:
liver,
kidney,
lung
Succinylcholine is metabolized by Cholinesterase enzyme in:
Liver ,
Lung,
plasma
Hepatic Microsomal Enzyme Inducers include the following except:
Cortisol
Tobacco smoking
Estrogen
Hepatic Microsomal Enzyme Inhibitors cause the following except:
decrease the duration of action of drugs.
increase the duration of action of drugs
They do not cause Tolerance.
Hepatic Microsomal Enzyme Inhibitors include the following except:
Grapefruit,
Ozone
Tobacco smoking
Drugs bound to plasma protein are characterized by the following except:
not Active
not Metabolized
easily Excreted
Drugs bound to plasma protein are characterized by the following except:
not Filte
Longer duration
Easily Metabolized
calcium is stored in:
Bone.
hair.
thyroid gland.
vitamine B12 is stored in:
Liver.
heart.
bone
Iodine is stored in: -
Bone.
hair.
thyroid gland.
Oxidation is
Phase-I biotransformation
Phase-II biotransformation
non of the above
Reductionis :
Phase-I biotransformation
Phase-II biotransformation
non of the above
Hydrolysis is:
Phase-I biotransformation
Phase-II biotransformation
non of the above
Vitamin D Site Of Biotransformation:
Plasma
Lung
Skin
Age affects hepatic microsomal enzymes (H.M.E) in the following way:
H.M.E. Activity is inhibited in extremities of age.
H.M.E. Activity is stimulated in extremities of age.
age has no effect
Renal Excretion mainly affects:
Non-volatile drugs and metabolites
volatile drugs and metabolites
non of the above
Renal Excretion include the following except:
Passive Glomerular filtration
Active Tubular Excretion.
Active Glomerular filtration
Active Tubular Excretion is characterized by the following except:
Saturable and Site for competition & Drug Interaction
Affects both Weak acid and Weak base drugs
Changes in urinary pH does not Affect excretion
Alkalinization of urine (Na or K Acetate, Bicarbonate):
Alkalinization of urine (Na or K Acetate, Bicarbonate):
Renal excretion of weak Acid drugs e.g. Aspirin
Renal excretion of weak Base drugs e.g. Ephedrine & Amphetamine.
has no effect
Acidification of Urine (NH4Cl or “Vit C”):
Renal excretion of weak Acid drugs e.g. Aspirin
Renal excretion of weak Base drugs e.g. Ephedrine & Amphetamine.
has no effect
Lung excretion is applied to:
Gases & Volatile Liquids
Non-volatile drugs and metabolites
no drugs are excreted
eye& ear drops act by:
Local or Topical Action
Systemic or General Action
Reflex or Remote Action
Intra-articular injections act by:
Local or Topical Action
Systemic or General Action
Reflex or Remote Action
Subcutaneous (SC) adrenaline act by:
Local or Topical Action
Systemic or General Action
Reflex or Remote Action
Subcutaneous SC Camphor act by:
Local or Topical Action
Systemic or General Action
Reflex or Remote Action
Oral aspirin act by:
Local or Topical Action
Systemic or General Action
Reflex or Remote Action
Kaolin & Activated charcoal in diarrhea act by:
Adsorption
Osmotic effect.
Demulcent effect
Mechanism of action of Mannitol as a diuretic:
Adsorption
Osmotic effect.
Demulcent effect
Mechanism of action of Liquorice as an anti-tussive:
Adsorption
Osmotic effect.
Demulcent effect
Mechanism of action of NaHCO3 (Antacid):
Neutralization:
Chelation
Demulcent effect
Heavy metal toxicity is treated by:
Neutralization.
Chelation
Demulcent effect
Calcium (Ca+2) toxicity is treated by:
Sodium Edetate
Dimercaprol
NaHCO3
Anti-cancer drugs act by:
Interference with Cell Division
Interference with Metabolic Pathway or Enzymes
Chemical Chelation
NaHCO3 (Antacid) in treatment of hyperacidity act by:
Neutralization.
Chelation
Demulcent effect
Sulfonamides compete with PABA in bacteria and leads to:
Inhibit synthesis of folic acid.
Interfere with Metabolic Pathway.
All the above
Local anesthetics block:
Sodium (Na+) channels
Calcium channels
Potassium channels
Adrenaline + β-receptors is:
Ligand-gated Ion Channels(Type I receptor)
Coupled to G-protein(Type II receptor)
Coupled to Kinase Activity (Type III receptor)
Acetyl. Choline. + Nicotinic receptors is:
Ligand-gated Ion Channels(Type I receptor)
Coupled to G-protein(Type II receptor)
Coupled to Kinase Activity (Type III receptor)
Insulin receptors are:
Ligand-gated Ion Channels(Type I receptor)
Coupled to G-protein(Type II receptor)
Coupled to Kinase Activity (Type III receptor)
Thyroid & Steroid hormones act by:
Intracellular receptors and Modulation of DNA Transcription
Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Kinase Activity
The amount of response to Drug/Receptor Complex depends on:
number of receptors occupied by the drug.
Rates of association (Ka) & dissociation (Kd) of D/R complex.
All of the above
Occupation Theory means:
The amount of action is directly proportional with the number of receptors occupied by the drug
The amount of action is directly proportional with Rates of association (Ka) & dissociation (Kd) of D/R complex.
The amount of action is directly proportional with the number of Spare receptors.
Rate Theory of Paton means:
The amount of action is directly proportional with the number of receptors occupied by the drug
The amount of action is directly proportional with Rates of association (Ka) & dissociation (Kd) of D/R complex.
The amount of action is directly proportional with the number of Spare receptors.
An agonist ligand has all the following except:
Affinity.
High intrinsic activity(efficacy)
blocking of the receptor.
An antagonist ligand has all the following except:
Affinity.
No efficacy
Rapid rates of association (Ka) & dissociation (Kd).
Partial Agonists has all the following except:
Affinity.
high intrinsic activity
Moderate rates of association & dissociation.
Partial Agonists has all the following except:
Produces initial stimulation then block of the receptor
If used in presence of an agonist → Block the action of the agonist.
Rapid rates of association (Ka) & dissociation (Kd).
Competitive block means:
Blocker is displaced by excess agonist
Blocker is not displaced by excess agonist
Non-competitive block means:
Blocker is displaced by excess agonist
Blocker is not displaced by excess agonist
Secondary Effects means:
Unavoidable undesirable normal action produced by therapeutic dose of the drug.
Exaggerated normal action due to high blood level of the drug
Exaggerated normal action in response to small therapeutic dose of the drug.
Over-dose means:
Unavoidable undesirable normal action produced by therapeutic dose of the drug.
Exaggerated normal action due to high blood level of the drug
Exaggerated normal action in response to small therapeutic dose of the drug
Supersensitivity (Intolerance) means:
Unavoidable undesirable normal action produced by therapeutic dose of the drug.
Exaggerated normal action due to high blood level of the drug
Exaggerated normal action in response to small therapeutic dose of the drug
Hyperthyroidism → Super sensitivity to sympathomimetics is an example of:
Secondary Effects
Over-dose
Supersensitivity (Intolerance)
Insulin large dose leading to hypoglycemia is an example of:
Secondary Effects
Over-dose
Supersensitivity (Intolerance)
Oral broad spectrum antibiotics leading to inhibition of Intestinal bacterial flora is an example of:
Secondary Effects
Over-dose
Supersensitivity (Intolerance)
Tolerance means:
decreased or failed response to drugs.
Exaggerated normal action in response to small therapeutic dose of the drug
Exaggerated normal action due to high blood level of the drug
Types of Congenital (Inborn) Tolerance include the following Except:
Racial.
Species.
Types of Congenital (Inborn) Tolerance include the following Except:
Racial.
Species.
Tachyphylaxis.
Types of Acquired Tolerance include the following Except:
Cross Tolerance between similar drugs
Tachyphylaxis (Acute acquired tolerance)
Species difference.
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is considered a type of :
Congenital (Inborn) Tolerance
Acquired Tolerance.
Intolerance
Tachyphylaxis is considered a type of :
Congenital (Inborn) Tolerance
Acquired Tolerance
Intolerance
Individual (Biological) variations within any population is considered a type of :
Congenital (Inborn) Tolerance
Acquired Tolerance
Intolerance
Cross Tolerance between similar drugs is considered a type of :
Congenital (Inborn) Tolerance
Acquired Tolerance
Intolerance
Mechanism of Acquired Tolerance include the following except:
A decrease in Absorption.
An increase in Metabolism.
A decrease in Excretion
Characteristics of Acquired Tolerance include the following except:
It is a temporary process
Varies from one drug to another
Affect all actions to the same extent
Characteristics of Acquired Tolerance include the following except:
It is a permanent process
Varies from one drug to another
Does not affect all actions to the same extent
Sudden stop of Xanthine beverages leads to :
Psychic dependence
Psychic and Physical dependence
Non of the above
Sudden stop of the ethanol leads to :
Psychic dependence
Psychic and Physical dependence
Non of the above
Xanthine beverages Dependence is an example to :
Habituation
Addiction
Non of the above
amphetamine, morphine, Dependence are examples to :
Habituation
Addiction
Non of the above
Metoclopramide increase gastric Motility and leads to:
increase Absorption of Paracetamol
decrease Absorption of Paracetamol
Non of the above
Acid stomach:
increase Absorption of weak acid drugs
increase Absorption of weak alkaline drugs
Non of the above
Alkaline intestine:
increase Absorption of weak acid drugs
increase Absorption of weak alkaline drugs
Non of the above
Aspirin is better absorbed by:
acid stomach
alkaline intestine
Non of the above
decreased absorption of Ca , Mg, Al, & ferrous iron by :
Tetracyclines
Sulphonamides
Ampicillin
Oral anticoagulants are displaced from their plasma binding sites by:
Aspirin
Sulphonamides
Ampicillin
Oral hypoglycemic are displaced from their plasma binding sites by:
Aspirin
Sulphonamides
Ampicilli
When Oral hypoglycemic are displaced from their plasma binding sites:
increase Their activity.
decrease Their metabolism
decrease Their excretion
Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes inducers cause:
Metabolism of other drugs
Metabolism of other drugs
decrease Their excretion
nicotine causes:
Metabolism of other drugs
Metabolism of other drugs
decrease Their excretion
Estrogen causes:
Metabolism of other drugs
Metabolism of other drugs
decrease Their excretion
Alkalinization of urine by NaHCO3 causes:
increase Excretion of weak acid drugs.
decrease Excretion of weak acid drugs
no effect
Addition (Summation) means:
Active drug + Active drug = Algebraic sum of activity
Active drug + Active drug = More than algebraic sum of activity
Inactive drug (inert) increases the activity of Active Drug
Synergism means:
Active drug + Active drug = Algebraic sum of activity
Active drug + Active drug = More than algebraic sum of activity
Inactive drug (inert) increases the activity of Active Drug
Potentiation means:
Active drug + Active drug = Algebraic sum of activity
Active drug + Active drug = More than algebraic sum of activity
Inactive drug (inert) increases the activity of Active Drug
the effects of AcetylCholine + Histamine on intestinal contractility are example of:
Summation
Synergism
Potentiation
the effects of Ethanol + Morphine on depression of CNS are example of:
Summation
Synergism
Potentiation
the analgesic effects of caffeine with aspirin are example of:
Summation
Synergism
Potentiation
2Agonists + 2 Receptors +2 Opposing actions are example of:
Chemical Antagonism
Physiological. Antagonism
Pharmacological Antagonism
One Agonist + One Blocker + One Receptor are example of:
Chemical Antagonism
Physiological. Antagonism
Pharmacological Antagonism
Iatrogenic Disease means:
Drug-induced disease.
Drug-induced fetal malformations
supersenstivity to drugs
Large dose of Cortisol causes:
Cushing’s disease
Parkinsonism
Non of the above
Teratogenicity means:
Drug-induced disease.
Drug-induced fetal malformations
supersenstivity to drugs
When Phenytoin is taken during the first trimester it may cause:
Hare lip and cleft palate
Cardiac septal defects
Teeth & Bone abnormalities
When Aspirin is taken during the first trimester it may cause:
Hare lip and cleft palate
Cardiac septal defects
Teeth & Bone abnormalities
When Tetracycline is taken during the first trimester it may cause:
Hare lip and cleft palate
Cardiac septal defects
Teeth & Bone abnormalities
Halothane in general anaesthesia may cause:
Cardio(heart)-toxicity
Nephro(kidney)-toxicity
Neuro-toxicity
Paracetamol(panadol) may cause :
Cardio-toxicity
hepato(liver)-toxicity
Neuro-toxicity
Anti-thyroid drugs may cause:
Cardio-toxicity
Nephro-toxicity
Bone marrow inhibition
Idiosyncrasy:
Unpredictable abnormal response to drugs due to antigen/antibody reaction.
Unpredictable abnormal response due to genetic abnormality.
Unpredictable abnormal response due to supersenstivity
Idiosyncrasy:
Occurs on first exposure
Occurs on repeated exposure
Occurs on second exposure
Hemolytic anemia in patients with Favism is a type of
Idiosyncrasy
Hypersensitivity
supersenstivity
Succinylcholine apnea is caused by:
abnormal Pseudo-cholinesterase activity.
Glucose-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency.
Hypersensitivity reaction
Bioavailability after intravenous injection is :
100%
70%
50%
Simple Diffusion characteristics include the following except :
Along concentration gradient
Needs NO carrier
Needs energy
factors affecting simple diffusion include the following except :
Gradient(Concentration of drugs & Electric of ions)
Molecular weight & size.
the presence of a protein carrier
For weak base and acid drugs:
The unionized (non-polar) form is lipid soluble and easily absorbed.
The unionized (non-polar) form is water soluble and easily absorbed.
Ionized (polar) form of drugs is lipid soluble and easily absorbed
Filtration of drugs is characterized by the following except :
Along hydrostatic and osmotic gradients
No carrier or energy needed
Molecular weight in more than 500
Filtration of drugs is characterized by the following except :
Along hydrostatic and osmotic gradients
a protein carrier is needed
Molecular weight in less than 500
Filtration of drugs is characterized by the following except :
againest hydrostatic and osmotic gradients
No carrier or energy needed
Molecular weight in less than 500
Filtration of drugs is defined as:
Passage of drugs through capillary endothelium & Glomeruli of the kidney along hydrostatic and osmotic gradients
Passage of drugs through respiratory tract endothelium along hydrostatic and osmotic gradients
Passage of drugs through blood brain barrier endothelium along hydrostatic and osmotic gradients
Facilitated Diffusion is characterized by the following except :
Along concentration gradient
Needs a protien carrier → Site for Saturation & Competition (Interaction)
Energy is needed.
Active Transport is characterized by the following except :
Against concentration gradient
Needs a protien carrier
No energy or enzymes are needed
Absorption of Vit B12 + Intrinsic factor occurs by:
Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)
Facilitated Diffusion
Filtration
Absorption of most of small Lipid soluble drugs Along concentration gradient occurs by:
Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)
simple Diffusion
Active Transport
Absorption of Glucose occurs by:
Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Na+/K+ pump is taken place by:
Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)
simple Diffusion
Active Transport
Factors affecting absorption include the following except :
solubility, ionization , and valency of Drugs.
route of administration, surface area and vascularity.
number of plasma protiens
Enteral routes of administration include the following except :
sublingual
oral.
subcutaneous
Advantages of Oral route include the following except :
safety .
economics
needs sterilization
Disdvantages of Oral route include the following except :.
economic
produce G.I.T. upsets.
first pass effect.
sublingual route is characterized by the following except :.
Rapid onset
bypass first pass effect
the drug could be irritant or acidic.
first pass effect to the drugs:
It can occur in the GIT or liver
It can occur in the kidney
It can occur in the lung.
Rectal route is characterized by the following except :
slow onset,
bypass first pass effect,
useful in vomiting and uncooperative patients,
Rectal route is characterized by the following except :
rapid onset,
affected by first pass effect,
useful in irritant drugs and large volume drugs.
Increase absorption of Sub cutaneous injection by except :
massage and heat
combine drug with hyaluronidase enzyme
combine drug with adrenaline
Intramuscular injection is characterized by the following except:
slow absorption
drugs may be irritant.
drugs may be water soluble, suspension, or oil
Parenteral routes include the following except:
Subcutaneous pellet implantation
intra bone marrow route
sublingual route
Parenteral routes include the following except:
intraperitoneal route.
intrathecal route.
rectal route
intra venous route has the following advantages except:
100 % bioavailability ,
suitable in large volumes drugs.
lipid soluble drugs could be given.
Inhalation has the following advantages except:
Excellent absorption ( wide surface area , rich blood vessels) .
The drug may be gas, vapour, solution, powder.
suitable in irritant drug
Skin rout of absorption can be enhanced by except :
Ionophoresis.
Inunction.
Cooling the skin
skin and transdermal delivery system has the following advantages except:
prolonged blood level with minimal fluctuations,
Better patient compliance.
it needs low lipid solubility of drugs
Drugs bound to plasma proteins are characterized by the following except:
not Active
not Metabolized
easily Excreted
Drugs bound to plasma proteins are characterized by the following except:
not Filtered
Longer duration
Easily Metabolized
The Free fraction of the drug is characterized by the following except:
active.
Easily metabolized.
Considered a depot (reservoir)form
Drugs bound to plasma proteins are characterized by the following except:
depot (reservoir)form of drugs.
site for drug interactions.
