Quoting the original text directly and including quotation marks with a citation

Copying text word-for-word without quotation marks, even with a citation

Paraphrasing the original text and providing a proper citation

Summarizing the original idea in your own words and citing the source

Conclusion

Introduction

Complaint

Recommendation

Relying solely on secondary sources

Ignoring minor data discrepancies for simplicity

Encouraging competition among researchers to publish first

Conducting rigorous peer reviews before publication

Using "Bce" to protect the recipient list's privacy

Adding only essential recipients to "Cc."

Adding unrelated recipients to "Cc."

Using "Cc" to inform relevant parties

Peer review guarantees the accuracy of all claims

A paper reflects only the knowledge of the researchers at the time of submission

All refereed papers are free of errors

The research is always up-to-date and accurate

Does each paragraph have a clear topic sentence?

Is it clear how each paragraph in the body is related to the goal?

Are there any extraneous or missing sentences in any paragraphs?

Does each paragraph stick to one main idea?

Impact and clarity

Timeliness and relevance

Originality and validity

Originality and impact

Descriptive title

Interrogative title

Compound title

Declarative title

They clarify how the writer feels about the claim being made in the essay.

They identify the reasons being used to support the writer's claim.

They add more descriptive detail to the claim's supporting evidence

They create a clear connection between a reason and its supporting evidence

There is no difference, they are always used interchangeably in all countries

A

There is no difference, they are always used interchangeably in all countries

A CV is intended to make an individual stand out from the competition, while a resume is used exclusively in academia

A CV typically spans over two or more pages and provides an in-depth account of achievements, while a resume is concise and usually not longer than one or two pages

A CV is a concise document intended to highlight key achievements, while a resume is a detailed document covering all aspects of a career

X is similar for Y

X. is similar to Y

X is similar with Y

X is similar as Y

Write in logical order

Write complicated sentences

Write a long as possible

Write comparison and contracts

Research papers are designed to be skimmed quickly

Papers are not textbooks and may only require partial understanding to extract relevant information

Most lines in research papers are irrelevant to your work

Research papers are concise summaries with little detail

a strong claim, strong reasons, and evidence from one credible source

a strong claim, one good supporting reason, and a credible source

a strong claim, credible reasons, and one good piece of evidence

a strong claim, good reasons, and evidence from credible sources.

To practice English

To avoid plagiarism

To practice academic writing

To publish in reputable journals

Title, author, abstract, keywords

Introduction

Background information

Literature review

To speed up the research process by reading papers first

To focus on browsing the entire web for related works

To avoid being overwhelmed by information and to give focused attention to reading

To skip the process of evaluating the paper

Skip writing a disposition and directly write the body of the thesis

Write the final draft without further research

Begin to write a disposition (outline) of your thesis

Stop gathering sources and start writing the conclusion

Presenting someone else's findings with appropriate citations

Repeating one's own previously published findings without a citation

Presenting someone else's findings without

Presenting someone else's findings with appropriate citations

Repeating one's own previously published findings without a citation

Presenting someone else's findings without a citation

Copying a substantial amount of text from past publications without using quotation marks

Read it several times→Compare the text→Cite the source→Note down the key concepts→Write your own version

Note down the key concepts→Write your own version→Read it several times→Compare the text→Cite the source

Cite the source→Read it several times→Note down the key concepts→Write your own version→Compare the text

Read it several times→Note down the key concepts→Write your own version→Compare the text→cite the source

A summary of the report's findings

A compilation of references and acknowledgments

A numbered sections for each main idea

A detailed list of raw data and diagrams

Look over it quickly to determine whether a paper should be read

Read the papers in the literature review carelessly

All of the above

Always read the papers in the literature review deeply

The efficiency of algorithms improves with optimization

Each server in the cluster requires consistent updates.

The data generated by the system are highly complex.

The team of developers monitors the system regularly.

An introduction to the research

A brief resume of the study to entice the reader to read more

A short footnote in the text of your work

A chance to acknowledge those who have helped you in your research project, placed at the beginning of the written-up project

Do not argue what is written in the papers

None of the options

Simply reading from one paper to the other

Make an effort to pinpoint the merit and limitation of papers

A false statement

An arguable statement

A reasonable statement

A true statement

Add your own opinion to the original text without citation

Switch the position of the key words while keeping the rest of the sentence the same

Use entirely different sentence structures while keeping the original meaning

Summarize the text without reviewing its context

Information that disproves your claim.

Information that supports your warrant.

Information that ties your claim to your warrant.

Information that supports your claim.

Organization

Cohesion

Writing Conventions

Coherence

Avoiding copy and paste

Confidentiality

Courtesy

Copyright

Published works are always based on the latest data

Published works are always reliable

The researcher has the responsibility to evaluate the validity of claims

All published works are definitive

Clear

Neither

Varied

Both

It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research quest

It outlines the methodological procedures that were employed

It is just a summary of what the article already said

It contains a useful review of the relevant literature

Result

Discussion

Method

Introduction

Skim through papers to assess their relevance and value

Focus only on papers with long reference lists

Read each paper thoroughly regardless of its relevance

Avoid reading papers with technical details

Footer: A place to list all attachments without mentioning them in the body of the email

Subject Line: A concise and clear indication of the email's purpose

Greeting: A formal or polite opening addressed to the recipient

Main Body: Detailed and organized content, presenting the purpose or request, and Closing: A polite sign-off, often followed by your name and contact information

The engineers revised the program before they tested it.

The module integrates with the software, but it occasionally crashes.

The algorithm processed the data, and it improved accuracy.

When the server was rebooted, the database reconnected, and it failed to respond properly.

Cohesive

Neither

Coherent

In page footer

Under the figure

Inside the figure

Above the figure

Restate all tested hypotheses and their corresponding data

Provide a detailed review of the findings

Restate all tested hypotheses and their corresponding data

Provide a detailed review of the relevant literature and its connection to your findings

List all figures and tables used in the thesis

Summarize the findings, discuss their implications, and suggest future work

Editing and proofreading are identical processes that can be used interchangeably in academic writing

Editing focuses only on grammar errors, while proofreading addresses the overall structure and argument of the text.

Editing is performed exclusively by professors, while proofreading is the student's responsibility.

Editing examines the content, organization, and clarity of arguments, while proofreading catches surface-level errors like spelling and punctuation.

idioms and phrases

easy and understandable worlds

obscure words

adjectives or adverbs

Complimentary Closing

Complimentary Line

Signature Line

Closing Line

Contractions

Noun

Name usage

Pronoun usage

To create new knowledge and/or use existing knowledge in a new and creative way

To create new knowledge in a field

To publish high-quality articles to disseminate knowledge

To collect, analyze data to answer questions

Organizing the content and grouping papers by topics

Deciding which papers to exclude from your review

Refining the presentation of the paper

Polishing and editing sentences

A journal version

A conference version

A preprint in an online archive

All of the options

I enjoy walking my dog, taking my cat and walking my rabbit.

I enjoy walking my dog.

Do you like dogs?

None of the above

The copyright is shared equally between the author and the publisher

The author retains all rights to publish the content elsewhere

The content becomes publicly available without restrictions

The publisher owns the content, figures, and diagrams

IEEE style

APA 7th edition

Chicago 17th edition

All of the above

Quoting verbatim and placing it in quotation marks with a citation

Copying verbatim without quotation marks, even if the source is cited

Paraphrasing content and providing proper citation

Summarizing the original idea in one's own words and citing the source

Conclusion

Introduction

Complaint

Recommendation

Relying solely on secondary sources

Ignoring minor errors in data for simplicity

Encouraging competition among researchers to publish first

Conducting rigorous peer reviews before publication

Using 'Bcc' to protect the privacy of the recipient list

Only adding necessary people to 'Cc'

Adding unrelated people to 'Cc'

Using 'Cc' to notify stakeholders

Peer review ensures all information is accurate

All peer-reviewed articles are error-free

An article only reflects the author's knowledge at the time of submission

Research is always up-to-date and accurate

Does each paragraph have a clear topic sentence?

Is it clear how each paragraph relates to the objective?

Is there any redundant or missing sentence in the paragraph?

Does each paragraph focus on a main idea?

Impact and clarity

Timeliness and relevance

Originality and validity

Originality and impact

Descriptive title

Interrogative title

Compound title

Affirmative title

Clarify the writer's feelings about the argument

Identify supporting reasons for the viewpoint

Add descriptive details to the evidence

Create a clear link between reasons and supporting evidence

There is no difference, they are always used interchangeably

CV is used to highlight, while resume is only used in academia

CV is usually longer than 2 pages and details achievements, while resume is concise

CV is a summary, while resume is a comprehensive presentation of the career

X is similar for Y

X is similar with Y

X is similar to Y

X is similar as Y

Writing in a logical order

Writing as long as possible

Writing complex sentences

Writing comparisons and contrasts

Write in a logical order

Write as long as possible

Write complex sentences

Write comparisons and contrasts

The research paper is designed for skimming

The research paper is not a textbook and only relevant parts need to be understood

Most lines are not related to your work

The research paper is just a summary and lacks many details

Strong argument, strong reason, and a reliable source

Strong argument, a good reason, and a reliable source

Strong argument, reliable reason, and good evidence

Strong argument, reasonable reason, and evidence from a reliable source

To practice English

To practice academic writing

To avoid plagiarism

To publish in reputable journals

Title, authors, abstract, keywords

Introduction

Literature review

Background information

To speed up the research process by reading ahead

To focus on finding all relevant materials

To avoid information overload and read effectively

To skip the review step of the writing

Skip outlining and write the body immediately

Write the final version without further research

Start outlining for the thesis

Stop collecting materials and write the conclusion

Present others' findings with appropriate citations

Repeat your own published work without citation

Present others' findings without citation

Copy large amounts of content without using quotation marks

Read multiple times → Compare with the original text → Cite the source → Note the main ideas → Rewrite in your own words

Note the main ideas → Rewrite in your own words → Read multiple times → Compare with the original text → Cite the source

Cite the source → Read multiple times → Note the main ideas → Rewrite in your own words → Compare the text

Read multiple times → Note the main ideas → Rewrite in your own words → Compare with the original text → Cite the source

A summary of the findings in the report

A section compiling references and acknowledgments

Numbered sections for each main idea

A detailed list of raw data and charts

Skim to determine if you should read the article closely

Read the articles in the literature review section carelessly

All of the above

Always read each article closely

The performance of the algorithm is improved by optimization

Each server in the cluster requires regular updates

Data generated by the system is very complex

The group of programmers monitors the system regularly

The introduction of the research

A brief summary to attract the reader to continue reading

A short note in the content section

An opportunity to thank those who supported you in the research (placed at the beginning of the article)

Not to argue with the content of the article

None of the options are correct

Simply reading from one article to another

Trying to identify the strengths and weaknesses of articles

A false statement

A statement that can be argued

A reasonable statement

A true statement

Adding personal opinions to the original text without citation

Swapping the positions of keywords but keeping the rest of the sentence the same

Using a completely different sentence structure but keeping the original meaning

Summarizing the text without considering the context

Information that denies your argument

Information that supports the connection between evidence and reasoning

Information that links the claim and reasoning

Information that supports your argument

Structure of the writing

Cohesion

Writing conventions

Coherence

Avoid copying and pasting

Confidentiality

Politeness

Copyright

Published documents are always based on the latest data

Published documents are always reliable

Researchers are responsible for evaluating the validity of information

All published documents are authentic

Clear

Not both

Diverse

Both

Summarizing the main findings related to the research question

Describing the methodology used

Simply summarizing the content of the article

Providing an overview of related literature

Results

Discussion

Methodology

Introduction

Skimming to assess relevance and value

Focusing only on articles with long reference lists

Reading all articles carefully

Avoiding reading articles with complex techniques

Email closing: Where all attachments are listed without mentioning in the content

Subject line: Concise and clear about the purpose of the email

Greeting: A polite opening

Main content: Presenting detailed content and ending with thanks, sender's name

The engineers fixed the program before they tested it.

The module integrates with the software, but it sometimes fails.

The algorithm processes data and it improves accuracy.

When the server restarts, the database reconnects and it does not respond.

Tightly linked (Cohesive)

Not both

Coherent

In the footer

Below the figure

In the figure

Above the figure

Restate all hypotheses and corresponding data

Review the literature and link to the results

List all images and tables used

Summarize results, discuss significance, and propose next research directions

They are the same process

Editing focuses only on grammar errors, while proofreading organizes arguments

Editing is done by professors, proofreading is done by students

Editing checks content and organization, proofreading corrects spelling and punctuation errors

Idioms and phrases

Ambiguous words

Simple and understandable words

Adjectives and adverbs

Polite closing (Complimentary Closing)

Polite line

Signature line

Ending

Abbreviation

Noun

Name calling

Pronoun usage

Creating new knowledge and/or using existing knowledge in a creative way

Creating new knowledge in a field

Publishing quality articles

Collecting and analyzing data to answer questions

Organizing content and grouping articles by topic

Deciding which articles to discard

Presenting the article neatly

Reviewing grammar and wording

The journal version

The conference version

The preprint version

All versions

I like to walk the dog, take the cat, and walk the rabbit.

I like to walk the dog.

Do you like dogs?

None of the above

Educate

Entertain

Persuade

Inform

List of requirements and purpose of the presentation

List of technologies that will be used to deliver the presentation

List of major headings or topics to be covered in the presentation

List of external sources used in the presentation

The cost of giving the presentation

The overall aim of the presentation

The time of day you will be giving it

How you will reach the venue

The highest authority in the room, regardless of where they are

The entire audience

The people in the closest rows

Your best friend in the room

Consciously relax your shoulders

Straighten your back

push your chest out and hollow your back

Stand as tall as you can or sit with your spine straightened

Monotone voice

Lack of facial expressions

Hand gestures or leaning on a podium

Slouching or leaning on a podium

Stand with your feet slightly apart

Stand with your feet tightly together

Stand with your feet twisted round each other

Stand with your foot tapping on the floor

Looking above the audience's heads

Staring at each audience member

Making a sweeping glance of the audience from left to right and front to back of the room

Making a sweeping glance of the audience from left to right in the front row of the room

Breathing in – bigger, breathing out – smaller

Pulling your breath only a half or a quarter of the way down, into your chest

Hunching your shoulder while breathing

Drawing your stomach in while breathing