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WorksheetsCardiology
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 18mins
The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is:
Angina pectoris
Ischemia
Myocardial infarct
Pericarditis
Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of:
Coronary veins
The coronary sinus
The fossa ovalis
Coronary arteries
Which of the following is NOT an age-related change affecting the heart?
Fibrosis of cardiac muscle
Atherosclerosis
Thinning of the valve flaps
Decline in cardiac reserve
Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?
Cold, clammy skin
Increased heart rate
Rapidly falling blood pressure
Rapid, thready pulse
Secondary hypertension can be caused by:
Arteriosclerosis
Obesity
Stress
Smoking
Stenosis of the mitral valve may initially cause a pressure increase in the:
Venae cavae
Left ventricle
Coronary circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Which of the following is the most common form of vasculitis in the elderly?
Takayasu arteritis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Kawasaki disease
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Stable angina, the most common form of angina pectoris, is caused by:
Stenosis of coronary arteries
Ruptured atheromas
Thrombi overlying partially ruptured atheromas
Lipid-rich atheromas
No pathologic changes in the coronary arteries
Which marker of myocardial necrosis is elevated first in the blood of a patient with a myocardial infarction?
Creatine kinase
Aspartate aminotransferase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Creatine kinase M-B fraction
Troponin T
The most common cause of sudden cardiac death, defined as occurring within 1 hour after onset of the first symptoms, in 50-year-old men is:
Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease
Cardiomyopathy
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic valve stenosis
Hypertensive heart disease
The most common cause of mitral stenosis in adults is:
Mitral annular calcification
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Rheumatic endocarditis
Floppy mitral valve
Bacterial endocarditis
Cardiac disease is found in 20% to 40% of patients with longstanding crippling rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following is the most common cardiac disease encountered in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis?
Valvular endocarditis
Mural endocarditis
Pericarditis
Valvular calcifications
Myocarditis
The most common location of atrial septal defects is in the area of the:
Supravalvular endocardium
Coronary sinus
Fossa ovalis
Septum primum
Sinus venosus
When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output?
General vasodilation
Decreased venous return
Decreased peripheral resistance
Increased heart rate
A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:
Heparin
Acetaminophen
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
Streptokinase
The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as:
Total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis
Temporary vasospasm that occurs in a coronary artery
Cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body
Irregular heart rate and force, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries
The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is:
A disruption of the heart conduction system
An imbalance in calcium ions
Atherosclerosis involving an attached thrombus
An infection of the heart muscle
Calcium-channel blocking drugs are effective in:
Decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias
Reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions
Decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques
Reducing the risk of blood clotting
Why does ventricular fibrillation result in cardiac arrest?
The ventricles contract before the atria
Delayed conduction through the AV node blocks ventricular stimulation
Insufficient blood is supplied to the myocardium
Parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node
The term cardiac arrest refers to which of the following?
The cessation of all cardiac function
Missing a ventricular contraction
Condition where cardiac output is less than the demand
A decreased circulating blood volume
Which of the following is most likely to cause left-sided congestive heart failure?
Infarction in the right atrium
Chronic pulmonary disease
Incompetent tricuspid heart valve
Uncontrolled essential hypertension
The definition of congestive heart failure is:
The demand for oxygen by the heart is greater than the supply
Cessation of all cardiac activity
Insufficient circulating blood in the body
Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
Significant signs of right-sided congestive heart failure include:
Severe chest pain and tachycardia
Frequent cough with blood-streaked frothy sputum
Edematous feet and legs with hepatomegaly
Orthopnea, fatigue, increased blood pressure
Compensation mechanisms for decreased cardiac output in cases of congestive heart failure include:
Slow cardiac contractions
Fatigue and cold intolerance
Decreased erythropoietin secretion
Increased renin and aldosterone secretions
Effects that may be expected from a beta-adrenergic blocking drug include:
Increased release of renin
Decreased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
Increasing systemic vasoconstriction
Blockage of an angiotensin receptor site
A sign of aortic stenosis is:
Congestion in the liver, spleen, and legs
A heart murmur
Increased cardiac output
Flushed face and headache
Cyanosis occurs in children with tetralogy of Fallot because:
The circulation is sluggish (slow) throughout the system
The pulmonary circulation is overloaded and congested
A large amount of hemoglobin in the general circulation is unoxygenated
More carbon dioxide is present in the circulating blood
The initial effect on the heart in cases of rheumatic fever is:
Acute inflammation in all layers of the heart due to abnormal immune response
Infection in the heart by hemolytic streptococci
Highly virulent microbes causing vegetations on the heart valves
Septic emboli obstructing coronary arteries
Pericarditis causes a reduction in cardiac output as a result of which of the following?
Delays in the conduction system, interfering with cardiac rhythm
Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which decreases ventricular filling
Incompetent valves, which allow regurgitation of blood
Weak myocardial contractions due to a friction rub
A source of an embolus causing an obstruction in the brain could be the:
Coronary artery
Femoral vein
Carotid artery
Pulmonary vein
Uncontrolled hypertension is most likely to cause ischemia and loss of function in the:
Peripheral arteries in the legs
Kidneys, brain, and retinas of the eye
Liver, spleen, and stomach
Aorta and coronary arteries
The term intermittent claudication refers to:
Sensory deficit in the legs due to damage to nerves
Dry, cyanotic skin with superficial ulcers
Chest pain related to ischemia
Ischemic muscle pain in the legs, particularly with exercise
An echocardiogram is used to demonstrate any abnormal:
Movement of the heart valves
Change in central venous pressure
Activity in the conduction system
Blood flow in coronary arteries
The outcome for many aortic aneurysms is:
Pressure on adjacent organs or structures
Early diagnosis and repair
Thrombus formation and pulmonary embolus
Rupture and hemorrhage
The classic early manifestation(s) of left-sided congestive heart failure is/are ____, whereas the early indicator(s) of right-sided failure is/are _______.
Swelling of the ankles and abdomen; chest pain
Shortness of breath on exertion or lying down; swelling of the ankles
Coughing up frothy sputum; hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
Palpitations and periodic chest pain; shortness of breath on exertion
