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Chapter 8 Review Assignment

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What organism did Mendel use as a model in his experiments?

a)

Pea plants

b)

Fruit flies

c)

Corn

d)

Mice

2.

Mendel's fundamental principles include which of the following?

a)

Law of Dominance

b)

Law of Segregation

c)

Law of Independent Assortment

d)

All of the above

3.

True or False: All genetic traits follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance.

a)

True

b)

False

4.

Who is recognized as the 'Father of modern genetics'?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Johann Gregor Mendel

c)

Albert Einstein

d)

Isaac Newton

5.

Traits are inherited in specific, predictable patterns.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

Mendel disproved the idea of _______ inheritance (based on continuous variation).

a)

blended

b)

particulate

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

7.

Mendel's work was largely ignored during his lifetime.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

In what year was Mendel's work rediscovered by other scientists?

a)

1900

b)

1882

c)

1912

d)

1895

9.

What is the main advantage of using true-breeding plants in Mendel's experiments?

a)

They grow faster

b)

They produce offspring identical to the parent

c)

They are easier to water

d)

They have larger flowers

10.

Pea plants are naturally self-fertilizing, with both ______ and female reproductive organs.

a)

male

b)

pollen

c)

seed

d)

root

11.

In Mendel's cross between true-breeding pea plants, what color were all the flowers in the F1 generation?

a)

White

b)

Violet

c)

Both violet and white

d)

Red

12.

What does the P (Parental) Generation refer to in Mendel's experiments?

a)

True-breeding plants used in the first cross.

b)

Plants that result from the first filial (F1) generation.

c)

Plants that are genetically modified in the experiment.

d)

Plants that are produced by crossing two different species.

13.

What does the F1 (First Filial) Generation refer to in Mendel's experiments?

a)

Offspring of the P generation cross.

b)

Offspring of the F2 generation cross.

c)

Parental generation plants.

d)

Plants with only recessive traits.

14.

What does the F2 (Second Filial) Generation refer to in Mendel's experiments?

a)

Offspring from self-fertilized F1 plants.

b)

The original parental generation.

c)

Offspring from the first cross between two different pure lines.

d)

Plants that are genetically identical to the parents.

15.

In Mendel's experiment, what was the ratio of violet to white flowers in the F2 generation?

a)

100% violet

b)

75% violet, 25% white

c)

50% violet, 50% white

d)

25% violet, 75% white

16.

When F1 plants self-fertilized, the F2 generation showed a 3:1 ratio of violet to white flowers (705:224). What was the observed ratio of violet to white flowers in the F2 generation?

a)

3:1

b)

2:1

c)

1:1

d)

4:1

17.

What pattern did all seven traits Mendel studied show in the F2 generation?

a)

A 3:1 ratio

b)

A 1:1 ratio

c)

A 2:1 ratio

d)

A 9:3:3:1 ratio

18.

Which of the following are the two possible seed shapes identified by Mendel in pea plants?

a)

Round and Wrinkled

b)

Tall and Dwarf

c)

Purple and White

d)

Inflated and Constricted

19.

Which of the following are the two possible pod shapes identified by Mendel in pea plants?

a)

Inflated and Constricted

b)

Round and Wrinkled

c)

Tall and Dwarf

d)

Purple and White

20.

Which of the following are the two possible flower positions identified by Mendel in pea plants?

a)

Axial and Terminal

b)

Tall and Dwarf

c)

Round and Wrinkled

d)

Inflated and Constricted

21.

Which of the following are the two possible stem heights identified by Mendel in pea plants?

a)

Tall and Dwarf

b)

Yellow and Green

c)

Purple and White

d)

Axial and Terminal

22.

Mendel classified traits as ______ (expressed) and ______ (masked).

a)

dominant; recessive

b)

recessive; dominant

c)

homozygous; heterozygous

d)

genotype; phenotype

23.

Which type of trait appears unchanged in hybrids (heterozygous)?

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

c)

Both

d)

Neither

24.

In Mendel's experiments, violet flowers are an example of a ______ trait, while white flowers are an example of a ______ trait.

a)

dominant; recessive

b)

recessive; dominant

c)

incomplete; codominant

d)

codominant; incomplete

25.

Mendel proposed that organisms have ______ copies of each trait (alleles), receiving one from each parent.

a)

two

b)

four

c)

one

d)

five

26.

True or False: The concept of the gene (DNA) was well understood during Mendel's time.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

Dominant alleles are denoted by ________ letters, but Recessive alleles are denoted by ________ letters.

a)

capital, lowercase

b)

lowercase, capital

c)

capital, underlined

d)

underlined, italcized

28.

What does genotype refer to?

a)

The physical expression or trait

b)

The genetic makeup (the two alleles an organism carries)

c)

The color of the flower

d)

The environment

29.

What is phenotype?

a)

The genetic makeup

b)

The physical expression or trait that results from the genotype

c)

The number of alleles

d)

The type of cell

30.

What is the phenotype of a heterozygous genotype when alleles are T (tall) and t (short)?

a)

tall

b)

short

c)

TT

d)

Tt

31.

In the F2 generation of self-fertilized hybrids, what is the genotypic ratio of YY:Yy:yy?

a)

1:2:1

b)

2:1:1

c)

3:1:0

d)

1:1:2

32.

According to Mendel's Law of Dominance, what happens in a heterozygous individual?

a)

Both alleles are expressed equally

b)

The dominant allele masks the expression of the recessive allele

c)

The recessive allele is always expressed

d)

No trait is expressed

33.

The recessive trait is only expressed when an individual inherits ______ copies of the recessive allele.

a)

two

b)

one

c)

three

d)

four

34.

The genotypic ratio resulting from the cross Aa × Aa is ____.

a)

1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa

b)

3 AA : 1 aa

c)

1 Aa : 1 aa : 2 AA

d)

2 AA : 1 Aa : 1 aa

35.

The phenotypic ratio resulting from the cross Aa × Aa is ____.

a)

3 dominant (AA, Aa) : 1 recessive (aa)

b)

1 dominant (AA) : 1 recessive (aa)

c)

2 dominant (AA, Aa) : 2 recessive (aa)

d)

1 dominant (Aa) : 3 recessive (aa)

36.

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number from ________ to ________.

a)

diploid (2n) to haploid (n)

b)

haploid (n) to diploid (2n)

c)

tetraploid (4n) to diploid (2n)

d)

diploid (2n) to tetraploid (4n)

37.

Which of the following are produced by meiosis?

a)

Somatic cells

b)

Gametes (sperm and eggs in animals; pollen and ovules in plants)

c)

Red blood cells

d)

Nerve cells

38.

Meiosis involves two successive cell divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. In Meiosis I, ________ chromosomes separate, and in Meiosis II, ________ chromatids separate. (Fill in the blanks)

a)

homologous, sister

b)

sister, homologous

c)

homologous, homologous

d)

sister, sister

39.

What happens during Meiosis I?

a)

Sister chromatids separate

b)

Homologous chromosomes separate

c)

Chromosomes duplicate

d)

Daughter nuclei fuse

40.

According to the Law of Independent Assortment, alleles of different genes assort independently during ______ formation.

a)

gamete

b)

zygote

c)

tissue

d)

organ

41.

In the dihybrid cross shown, what is the genotype of the P generation?

a)

YYRR and yyrr

b)

YyRr and YyRr

c)

YYrr and yyRR

d)

YyRR and yyRr

42.

What is the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation of the dihybrid cross?

a)

3:1

b)

1:2:1

c)

9:3:3:1

d)

1:1:1:1

43.

In the Punnett square for the dihybrid cross, how many different phenotypes are observed in the F2 generation?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

44.

What is the purpose of a test cross?

a)

To determine the phenotype of an organism

b)

To determine whether an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous dominant (AA) or heterozygous (Aa)

c)

To determine the environment of an organism

d)

To determine the age of an organism

45.

What is the method used in a test cross?

a)

Cross the unknown genotype with a homozygous dominant individual

b)

Cross the unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual (aa)

c)

Cross two heterozygous individuals

d)

Cross two recessive individuals

46.

Which of the following best describes a homozygous genotype?

a)

No alleles present

b)

Two different alleles for a trait

c)

One dominant and one recessive allele

d)

Two identical alleles for a trait

47.

What is the purpose of a Punnett square in genetics?

a)

To determine the age of an organism

b)

To identify the number of chromosomes

c)

To predict the possible genotypes of offspring

d)

To measure plant height

48.

Which of Mendel's laws states that allele pairs separate during the formation of gametes?

a)

Law of Blending

b)

Law of Dominance

c)

Law of Independent Assortment

d)

Law of Segregation

49.

Which of the following is an example of a recessive genotype?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

50.
What percentage of the offspring will have this recessive disease?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
51.
If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?
a)
sex-linked trait
b)
polygenic trait
c)
codominant trait
d)
incomplete dominance trait
52.
In a certain species of animal, black fur (B) is dominant over tan fur (b).  If two heterozygous parents were crossed what would the parent genotypes be?
a)
BBxbb
b)
BBxBb
c)
BbxBb
d)
bbxBb
53.
In a certain species of animal, black fur (B) is dominant over tan fur (b).  If two heterozygous parents were crossed what percentage of the offspring would be Homozygous dominant?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
54.
If a Homozygous red snapdragon and a Heterozygous pink snapdragon were crossed-what percentage of the offspring would be homozygous white?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
55.
Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?
a)
9/16
b)
3/16
c)
1/16
d)
16/16
56.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
57.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
58.
This diagram represents what type of inheritance pattern?
a)
sex-linked inheritance
b)
complete dominance
c)
codominance
d)
incomplete dominance
59.
How many phenotypes are there in ABO blood types?
a)
3
b)
4
c)
6
d)
12
60.
What is this tool used for?
a)
to compare DNA of two individuals
b)
read braille
c)
analyze genetic disorders in many generations of individuals
d)
analyze genetic disorders in one individual
61.
ABO blood types are an example of what type of inheritance?
a)
multiple alleles
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
polygenic inheritance
d)
genetic mutations
62.
AB blood type is an example of what type of inheritance?
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
codominance
d)
polygenic inheritance
63.
If this image were real, it would represent what type of inheritance?
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
codominance
c)
polygenic inheritance
d)
compete dominance
64.
What gender of offspring are most often affected by sex-linked inheritance?  What gender are usually carriers of the trait?
a)
males, males
b)
females, males
c)
males, females
d)
females, females
65.
What gender is this individual?
a)
male
b)
female
c)

not enough information is provided

66.
The type of inheritance pattern shown when a black-feathered chicken is crossed with a white-feathered chicken, which produces only grey-feathered chickens is _____.
a)
inbreeding  
b)
polygenic inheritance
c)
codominance
d)
incomplete dominance
67.
A family has 4 children. One child is Blood Type O, one child is Blood Type AB, and the other two children are both Blood Type A. What are the genotypes of the parents?
a)
IAIA x IBIB
b)
IAi x IBi
c)
IAIB x IAIB
d)
IAIB x ii
68.
What are the blood types of the possible children that a woman (type O) and man (type AB) can have?
a)
O and AB
b)
O and A
c)
O and B
d)
A and B
69.

The probability of producing a phenotypically normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder is

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

70.

Concerning the sex chromosomes, which of the following is correct?

a)

The Y chromosome carries a greater number of genes for nonsexual traits than does the X.

b)

X and Y are different in size but carry nearly equal numbers of genes.

c)

The X chromosome carries more genes for nonsexual traits than does the Y.

d)

The X chromosome carries only gender-related genes.

71.

An X-linked carrier is a

a)

homozygous dominant female.

b)

heterozygous female.

c)

homozygous recessive female.

d)

homozygous male.

e)

heterozygous male.

72.

Males tend to be affected in greater numbers by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than are females because

a)

females have two dominant genes for the disorder.

b)

males have only one X chromosome.

c)

males have a double dose of the gene.

d)

Y chromosomes are not as strong as X chromosomes.

e)

none of these.

73.

A gene locus is

a)

a recessive gene.

b)

an unmatched allele.

c)

a sex chromosome.

d)

the location of an allele on a chromosome.

e)

a dominant gene.

74.

Various forms of a single gene at a given locus is called

a)

kinetochores.

b)

alleles.

c)

autosomes.

d)

loci.

e)

chromatids.

75.
Barr bodies are created in which of the following?
a)

Sperm Cells

b)
Females
c)
Men
d)
Vegetables
76.

Amniocentesis was performed on a pregnant woman. The withdrawn fluid underwent biochemical analysis where the fetal cells were cultured and a karyotype was done. The child was discovered to have an extra chromosome (#21). What is the diagnosis?

a)

Patau syndrome

b)

Edward syndrome

c)

Down syndrome

d)

Turner syndrome

77.
Identify the mutation in the picture.
a)
Inversion
b)
Deletion
c)
Duplication
d)
Translocation
78.

___ is when one gene determines how another gene is expressed.

a)

epistasis

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

polygenic

d)

X-linked

79.

In what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

a)
prophase I
b)
prophase II
c)
anaphase I
d)
metaphase I
80.
A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be:
a)
all black
b)
all white
c)
all gray
d)
speckled black and white

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