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WorksheetsProgram final practice part 1
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 42mins
What method of energy production creates lactic acid and the largest oxygen debt?
Aerobic glycolysis
Anaerobic cellular metabolism
Direct phosphorylation
Krebs cycle
What fascial layer forms the outer envelope of the muscle and anchors it to the hypodermis?
Perimysium
Extramysium
Epimysium
Endomysium
Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?
Scapula
Ilium
Clavicle
Sacrum
The functions of the integumentary system are protection, absorption and excretion, synthesis of vitamin D, ________ and ________.
Temperature regulation and sensation
Temperature
Provide emergency nutrition and regulate pH
Sensory map and stimulate emotions
The three types of epithelial membranes in the body are the cutaneous, , and .
mucous and synovial
serous and synovial
The female genitalia include the mons pubis, labia, clitoris, and:
cervix
oviducts
fimbriae
vestibular glands
What is the function of the enteric nervous system?
Inhibition of ingestion
Signaling the external sphincter of the anus for defecation
Regulation of digestive secretions and motility
Regulation of bile production and secretion
Which of the lymphatic vessels do NOT have one-way valves?
Thoracic and right lymphatic ducts
Lymphangia and deep trunks
Collecting trunks and primary vessels
Initial and collecting capillaries
What layer of skin contains the melanocytes?
Dermis
Subcutaneous
Hypodermis
Epidermis
The formation of lymph is best described as:
Lymphogenetics
Lymphatic flow
Edema formation
Fluid or edema uptake
The neuromuscular reflex that inhibits the antagonist of a contracting muscle is called:
Contract-relax mechanism
Reciprocal relaxation
All-or-none
Reciprocal inhibition
What is the name of the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity?
Visceral peritoneum
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Parietal peritoneum
Which of these connective tissue components of skeletal muscle is classified as organized fibrous?
Endomysium
Tendon
Perimysium
Epimysium
Functions of the skeletal system can be summarized as providing framework, protection, levers for movement:
Cellular maturation and blood cell recycling
Storage of energy and blood production
Calcium and vitamin D synthesis
Blood cell production and calcium storage
What is the function of a tendon?
Connect muscles to bone
Stabilizing joints
Connect bone to bone
Increasing the force of contraction
The two parts of ventilation are:
Inhalation and exhalation
Oxygenation and filtration
Diffusion and osmosis
Respiration and circulation
What is the name for the three tiny bones inside each ear?
Costals
Ossicles
Hyoids
Auditory
MALT tissues include the tonsils and
Peyer patches
Red bone marrow
Spleen
Thymus
What does the name “flexor carpi radialis” tell you about the muscle?
Its strength, location, and size
Only where it is
Its function and general location
The size, shape, and function of the muscle
What term is used to describe any change in the internal or external environment?
Stimulus
Effector
Response generator
Irritation
Gas exchange in the lungs and in the blood
Gas exchange in the lungs and in the blood
Inhalation and expiration
Internal and external exchange of air
Oxygen moving into blood and carbon dioxide moving out
Fluid or edema uptake depends on what two factors?
Filtration rate of the lymph nodes and the osmotic pressure created by emptying lymph at the terminus
The amount of cardiovascular filtration and reabsorption
Negative pressure inside the lymphatic network and opening the epithelial flaps of the initial vessel with light stretch
Positive pressure inside the lymphatic pressure and the contractile force generated by nodes
Which of the four layers of fascia is the deepest?
Pannicular
Meningeal
Axial
Visceral
Which muscle attachment is generally on the bone that moves during any motion?
Medial
Proximal
Origin
Insertion
Even though movements are rarely created by one single muscle, the one that is largest and has the best angle of pull across the joint is generally considered the:
Synergist
Agonist
Antagonist
Which method of energy production for muscle contraction uses ATP stored in the skeletal muscle and produces only enough energy for a short-term effort?
Anaerobic glycolysis
Direct phosphorylation
Glycolytic conversion
ATP glycolysis
Approximately how much fluid does the lymphatic system return to the cardiovascular system each day?
3 liters
1 liter
10 milliliters
5 liters
In the male reproductive system, where are the Leydig cells that produce testosterone located?
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Prostate
Vas deferens
What urinary organ is responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
Perirenal Tubule
Ureter
Urethra
Upper Urinary Tract
How many TRUE ribs are in the ribcage?
6
8
5
7
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Creating the voice by vibrating as air passes through its folds
Covering the opening to the trachea during swallowing
Protecting the voice box
Holding the trachea open for passage of air
The concentric rings, or , of an osteon are arranged around a central or canal that allows nerves, blood, and lymph vessels into the tissue.
Haversian system
canal
In the body's tensegrity system, which components serve as the compression spacers?
Muscle and tendons
Cartilage and joint capsules
Bones
Abdominal Organs
Which layer of the epidermis is the most superficial?
Germinating
Horny
Glassy
Granular
The anatomic name for the “thigh bone” is:
Tibia
Humerus
Ilium
Femur
In the direct phosphorylation method of energy production, what substance is broken down to replenish the ATP?
Glycophosphorus
Creatine-phosphate
Phosphorus
ADP
What is the function of the horizontal fascial bands of the body?
Separate the abdomino-pelvic organs
Attach the appendages to the torso
Provide a medium for force transmission between body regions
Provide support to blood vessels and nerves and some rigidity to the torso
The physiologic processes that occur as the oxygen debt is paid back include:
conversion of lactic acid to glucose in the liver
increased production of carbon dioxide in the lungs
decreased heart rate below resting levels
inhibition of ATP synthesis in muscles
Which of the following is involved in metabolizing lactic acid and replenishing energy supplies?
Catabolizing glycogen and glucose stored in the liver
Flushing lactic acid out of the muscles by vasodilation
Metabolizing lactic acid and replenishing energy supplies
Aerobic glycolysis and replenishing calcium levels in the sarcoplasm
What are the functions of the large intestine?
Secretion of bicarbonates and absorption of water
Segmentation and elimination
Absorption of water and elimination
Completion of protein digestion and absorption of amino acids
What digestive process is described as the mixing and forward movement of substances through the GI tract?
Mastication
Motility
Absorption
Elimination
Bones in the appendicular skeleton include the humerus, tibia, and:
costals
sternum
sacrum
clavicle
In anatomic position, the feet and palms are pointing in which direction?
Upward
Forward
Downward
Backward
What is the common function of the brachioradialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii muscles?
Elbow flexion
Knee flexion
Elbow extension
Hip flexion
What type of cells make up the islands or nodules inside the lymph node sinuses?
Macrophages and other specialized immune cells
Fibroblasts and phagocytes
Phagocytes and neutrophils
Granular and agranular leukocytes
Which nerve is often compressed and irritated in association with frequent tension headaches?
Cranial VII
C-7
Accessory
Trigeminal
Which of the following best describes adaptive immune responses?
A) Specificity, lymphocyte responses, creates memory
B) Fever, antibody production, all leukocytes engaged
C) Specificity, system wide, reproducible
D) Inflammation, phagocytosis, creates memory
The positive feedback mechanism is used to regulate levels for which of these hormones?
Adrenaline
Calcitonin
Oxytocin
TSH
Which of the following are important processes of the general immune defense of inflammation?
Vasodilation and margination
Activation of B and T cells
Cytolysis of infected cells by phagocytes
Chemotaxis of phagocytes and NK cells
What muscle group around the hip joint would act as antagonists to hip abduction?
Adductors
Gluteals
Quadriceps
Hamstring
Which category of muscle architecture is described as a muscle with a broad belly and parallel fascicles with same length fibers that taper to form cord-like tendons at the ends?
Fusiform
Unipennate
Bipennate
Triangular
Why is it important for manual therapists to know the structures and functions of the skeletal system?
The cellular activity in bones is a small version of all body system functions.
Many forms of manual therapy have direct physiologic effects on bone structure.
No other complementary health care profession works as directly with this system.
We would not be able to recognize structural imbalances without understanding their normal relationship.
The term for primary reproductive organs in both the male and female systems is:
genitalia
gonads
gametes
glans pubis
The muscle nicknamed “Lat's little helper” because it assists with all of the same functions is:
Teres major
Deltoid
Trapezius
Pectoralis minor
Which of the following muscles is listed as option?
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
A wheelbarrow and standing heel raise exercises are examples of what class of lever?
Third
Fourth
Second
First
What class of lever are most joints of the body?
Fourth
Third
First
Second
Which of the four types of membranes lines the ventral cavities?
Synovial
Mucous
Cutaneous
Serous
Which statement best describes the therapeutic implication of knowing the myofascial connections between different structures?
Because of tensegrity, treatment in one area will relieve stress in other areas of the train.
Pain in an area of the myofascial train may not resolve without treating the entire train.
All chronic pain syndromes must include treatment of the spiral lines.
The most superficial area of pain/restriction must be treated first.
Which of the following statements is true?
treatment in one area will relieve stress in other areas of the train.
Pain in an area of the myofascial train may not resolve without treating the entire train.
All chronic pain syndromes must include treatment of the spiral lines.
The most superficial area of pain/restriction must be treated first.
What is the name of the indentation along the medial border of each kidney where the ureters, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the organ?
Ureto-renal junction
Hilus
Renal curvature
Neurovascular fossa
Which term describes the process of moving air into and out of the lungs?
Pulmonary process
Inspiration
Ventilation
Respiration
A muscle that opposes or slows down a specific motion is playing what movement role?
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixator
What movement role is assigned to the muscles that hold the scapula and clavicle in place during shoulder motions?
Synergist
Fixator
Antagonist
Agonist
What term best describes the location of the bones in relationship to the muscles?
Deep
Superficial
Internal
Medial
In both dense and spongy bone tissue, the osteocytes are located in small spaces called:
osteoporotic space
canaliculi
osteonic canals
lacunae
Which muscle attachment is generally on the non-moving bone during motion?
Origin
Lateral
Insertion
Distal
About 50% of bone tissue is calcified mineral salts deposited within the matrix, which is an equal mix of:
collagen fibers and ground substance
calcium and phosphorus only
osteocytes and chondrocytes
water and fat
The key characteristics of skeletal muscle include being excitable, contractile:
Semi-rigid yet pliable
Fibrous and disorganized
Extensible and elastic
Elastic and avascular
After a bout of extended exercise, the breathing rate remains elevated for the amount of time it takes to metabolize lactic acid, which is called:
Metabolic replenishment
Indirect phosphorylation
The Krebs cycle
Repaying the oxygen debt
Which of the hamstring muscles inserts on the head of the fibula?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Rectus femoris
Semimembranosus
What classification of bone is embedded within tendon?
Oval
Cuboid
Square
Sesamoid
What is the function of keratin in skin?
Toughens the epidermis and makes it water-resistant
Stimulates the sudoriferous glands
Adds pigment to the epidermis to protect it from sun
Serves as a natural emollient for all layers of skin
What is the function of retinaculi in the muscular system?
Serves as the central tendon of the diaphragm
Separating the muscle groups in the thigh
Attaching abdominal muscles to the ribcage
Tension straps that hold tendons in place
What type of bone tissue is made up of small circular units called osteons, or the haversian system?
Articular
Dense
Spongy
Cancellous
Which muscle is the most lateral muscle of the erector spinae group?
Spinalis
Iliocostalis
Quadratus
What is it called when a muscle is unable to contract forcefully after prolonged activity, even though stimulation continues?
Muscle spasm
Oxygen debt
Lactic acid burn
Muscle fatigue
What is gamma gain?
The physiologic mechanism that decreases muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch
The physiologic mechanism that makes the muscle spindle hypersensitive to sudden lengthening
A Golgi tendon reflex that causes the muscle to tighten when stretched too far
A neuromuscular reflex that causes a muscle to relax when held in a stretched position
If the muscle has fascicles with shorter fibers running in an oblique line to a central tendon, what category of muscle architecture is it?
Triangular
Parallel
Pennate
Fusiform
Some of the key things a therapist can assess through the skin include:
Temperature, texture, color, and moisture
Hearing ability and vision
Bone density and muscle strength
Lung capacity and heart rate
What is the endocrine system's primary method of communication and control?
The production of steroids and prostaglandins
Endocrine secretions of specialized neurotransmitters into the blood
Through the neurohypophysis of the hypothalamus
Special chemicals called hormones secreted into blood
Which of the following is the best description of lymph flow?
Movement of lymph through the nodes
Movement of fluid inside the lymph vessel network and returning lymph to the blood
Drawing in interstitial fluid and moving it into the lymphatic terminus
Drawing interstitial fluid into the initial vessels of the system
Which of these structures is part of the lower respiratory tract?
Epiglottis
Lungs
Pharynx
Nasal Choncha
What are some of the key things a therapist can assess through the skin?
Subtle shifts in a client's energy, circulation, and tissue regeneration
Tissue temperature, tension, texture, and mobility
Muscle tension, rate of circulation, and cellular metabolism
Texture, temperature, nerve sensitivity, and general tissue physiology
