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WorksheetsFluid and Urinary System Quiz
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
What is fluid volume excess?
Dehydration with sodium loss
Retention of potassium only
Excessive retention of water and sodium in the extracellular fluid
Deficiency of electrolytes
What are possible causes of fluid volume excess?
Dehydration and vomiting
Excess sodium intake and heart failure
Hypokalemia and fever
Liver failure and low sodium intake
What is a recommended remedy for dependent edema?
Administer potassium
Elevate legs higher than the heart
Increase salt intake
Apply cold compress
What is fluid volume deficit?
Too much water in the body
High sodium with dehydration
Deficiency of fluid and/or electrolytes
Potassium excess in the blood
What is the normal range for potassium?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
2.0-4.0 mEq/L
4.5-6.0 mEq/L
5.5-7.0 mEq/L
What is the normal range for sodium?
120-130 mEq/L
130-135 mEq/L
135-145 mEq/L
145-155 mEq/L
What does hypernatremia indicate?
Low blood sodium
Normal sodium levels
Deficient potassium
Excess sodium in the blood
Which of the following may cause urinary blockage?
Stones, ureter/urethral strictures, or enlarged prostate
Enlarged spleen
Kidney failure
Hypoglycemia
Which medications can cause urinary retention?
Antibiotics and insulin
Benadryl, opiates, tricyclic antidepressants, anesthesia
Beta blockers and steroids
NSAIDs and antihistamines only
Which condition can interrupt nerve pathways and cause urinary retention?
Asthma
Diabetes, MS, stroke, spinal trauma, nerve compression
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
Which infections can cause urinary retention?
Strep throat
Sinus infections
Ear infections
Prostate infection, UTI, STDs
What are causes of transient incontinence?
Spinal injury only
Confusion, infection, medications, mobility problems
Always congenital defects
Anxiety alone
True or total incontinence may result from:
Dehydration
Injury to urethral sphincter/perineal muscles or spinal cord, or congenital anomalies
Hormonal changes
Constipation
What causes stress incontinence?
Kidney damage
Increased intra-abdominal pressure and weak pelvic floor muscles
Excess sodium intake
Urethral obstruction
What can help reduce stress incontinence?
Diuretics
Kegel exercises
Fluid restriction
Surgery only
What is a pessary used for?
To treat infections
A plastic appliance inserted into the vagina to support the bladder neck
To absorb excess urine
To prevent UTIS
What is acute cystitis?
A fungal infection of the kidneys
Bacterial infection of the urinary bladder
Viral UTI
Kidney stone infection
What is chronic cystitis?
Permanent bladder damage
Chronic or recurrent infection of the bladder
Congenital kidney infection
A side effect of medication
What symptom might an elderly patient with a urinary disorder display?
Rash
Confusion or mental status changes
Chest pain
Insomnia
What is the most common organism that causes UTIS?
Streptococcus
Candida albicans
E. coli
Mycoplasma
How can women prevent UTIS?
Drinking caffeinated beverages
Douching frequently
Voiding before/after intercourse and wiping front to back
Restricting fluid intake
What is pyelonephritis?
A liver infection
Bladder inflammation
Kidney infection (Upper UTI)
Inflammation of the urethra
Which are signs of pyelonephritis?
Dry mouth, constipation
Rapid onset fever/chills, flank pain, headache, pyuria, N/V
Rash and itching
Increased urination only
What is urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis)?
Bladder tumor
Inflammation of renal tubules
Kidney stones or calculi in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder
Urinary tract infection
What is a treatment for urolithiasis?
Kegel exercises
Straining urine, lithotripsy, surgery
Bladder irrigation
Daily antibiotics
How are ureteral strictures treated?
Antibiotics
Balloon dilation with stent placement
Heat therapy
Dietary changes
How are urethral strictures treated?
Chemotherapy
Stretching the urethra using metal instruments
Applying cold compresses
Antibiotics only
What is hydronephrosis?
Infection of the kidneys
Obstruction causing urine buildup and kidney distention
Inflammation of the bladder
Formation of bladder stones
What causes hydronephrosis?
Diabetes and hypertension
Stones or structural issues causing urine to back up
Increased fluid intake
Protein-rich diet
What is important to monitor after a genitourinary cancer biopsy?
Blood pressure
Temperature changes
Signs of bleeding and apply pressure
Bowel sounds
A bladder resection may result in:
Hearing loss
Urinary diversion
Hypertension
Pulmonary edema
What is a cutaneous ureterostomy?
Urinary tube placement in the urethra
Ureters brought to the abdominal wall as a stoma
Removal of the bladder
Connection between bladder and rectum
What is the most common urinary diversion?
Nephrostomy tube
Urethral stent
lleal conduit
Foley catheter
What is renal failure?
Overactive kidney function
Kidneys function normally but urine output is low
Kidneys function minimally or not at all
Kidneys are infected
Why must acute renal failure be treated aggressively?
To improve bone density
To reduce fever
To prevent chronic renal failure
To avoid bladder stones
Common causes of acute renal failure include:
Constipation and liver disease
Dehydration, medications, sepsis, blocked flow, contrast media
Asthma and allergies
Diabetes only
What is the treatment for acute renal failure?
Restrict fluids
Administer high protein diet
Aggressive hydration
Radiation therapy
How can diabetes lead to chronic renal failure?
It causes kidney infection
Damages kidney blood vessels that filter waste
Promotes stone formation
Affects bladder function only
How does hypertension lead to chronic renal failure?
Causes excessive urination
Affects liver enzymes
Damages blood vessels in the kidneys
Decreases sodium levels
What percentage of renal function can be lost before symptoms appear?
20%
30%
40%
50%
What are early symptoms of chronic renal failure?
Rash and fever
Chest pain and nausea
Edema and foamy urine
Cough and wheezing
What blood serum levels are elevated in chronic renal failure?
RBCs and WBCs
BUN, creatinine, potassium, calcium, phosphate
Sodium and chloride only
Glucose and insulin
Patients with end-stage renal disease often have:
Anuresis
Polyuria
Dysuria
Oliguria
Which medications are nephrotoxic and should be avoided in renal failure? (DAMN)
Desmopressin, Anabolic steroids, Magnesium sulfate, Nitroglycerin
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors/ARBs/Abx, Metformin, NSAIDs
Digoxin, Acetaminophen, Mictrin, Namenda
Beta blockers
What is dialysis?
Injection to lower blood sugar
Process to restore nerve function
Filtering of blood to remove toxic or unwanted wastes and fluids
Surgery to remove the bladder
