WorksheetsStudy Guide: Altered Cellular Function - Pharmacotherapy
Total questions: 59
Worksheet time: 30mins
Which of the following is an example of empiric antibiotic therapy?
Broad-spectrum; used before culture results (48-72 hrs)
Narrow-spectrum; based on identified bacteria
Preventive use (surgery/trauma)
Which type of antibiotic therapy is based on identified bacteria?
Empiric
Definitive
Prophylactic
What is the purpose of prophylactic antibiotic therapy?
Preventive use (surgery/trauma)
To treat established infections
To enhance immune response
To relieve pain
Therapeutic response indicators to antibiotic therapy include decreased fever, WBCs, inflammation, and _______.
drainage
pain
appetite
cough
Subtherapeutic response to antibiotic therapy means:
No improvement
Rapid improvement
Development of resistance
Complete cure
Which of the following is NOT a type of antibiotic resistance?
Inherent
Acquired
Preventive
Healthcare-acquired
Cross-resistance
Name one prevention strategy for antibiotic resistance.
Limit overuse, aseptic technique, narrow-spectrum use.
Increase unnecessary prescriptions, broad-spectrum use, poor hygiene.
Ignore infection control, overuse antibiotics, self-medicate.
Use antibiotics for viral infections, skip doses, share antibiotics.
Which of the following is a common antibiotic side effect?
Superinfection
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia
List two common antibiotic side effects.
Superinfection, Pseudomembranous colitis
Increased appetite, Improved vision
Hair growth, Height increase
Enhanced memory, Muscle gain
Beta-lactam antibiotics include which of the following?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
All of the above
The beta-lactam ring in antibiotics is associated with what risk?
Allergy risk
Increased blood pressure
Vision loss
Hair growth
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of penicillins?
Disrupts cell wall synthesis
Inhibits protein synthesis at the 50S ribosomal subunit
Blocks DNA gyrase activity
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Penicillins are indicated for which type of bacteria?
A) Gram-positive (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus)
B) Gram-negative
C) Fungi
Name one adverse effect of penicillins.
Allergy, N/V/D (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), interaction with warfarin/OC/NSAIDs
Hair loss and skin discoloration
Increased appetite and weight gain
Improved vision and hearing
What is the adverse effect of cephalosporins related to penicillin?
Cross-allergy with penicillin.
Nephrotoxicity.
Photosensitivity.
Ototoxicity.
Carbapenems & Monobactams are used for which type of infections?
Serious infections.
Mild allergies.
Viral infections.
Fungal infections.
Which antibiotic class should be avoided with dairy, antacids, and iron?
Tetracyclines.
Penicillins.
Macrolides.
Cephalosporins.
Which of the following is an adverse effect of tetracyclines?
Nephrotoxicity
Tooth discoloration
Tendon rupture
QT prolongation
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of macrolides?
Inhibit protein synthesis.
Inhibit cell wall synthesis.
Disrupt DNA replication.
Block folic acid synthesis.
Aminoglycosides are primarily indicated for which type of infections?
Gram-negative infections.
Viral infections.
Fungal infections.
Parasitic infections.
Which adverse effect is associated with aminoglycosides?
GI upset
Nephrotoxicity
Tooth discoloration
QT prolongation
What is the black box warning (BBW) adverse effect of fluoroquinolones?
Tendon rupture.
Photosensitivity.
Nephrotoxicity.
Hepatic failure.
Sulfonamides inhibit which metabolic pathway?
Folic acid synthesis.
Protein synthesis.
Cell wall synthesis.
DNA replication.
Vancomycin is used to treat which of the following?
MRSA
C. diff
Both A and B
None of the above
What is a major risk associated with Clindamycin?
C. diff risk
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Photosensitivity
Linezolid should be avoided with which of the following?
SSRIs
Antacids
NSAIDs
Statins
Which of the following is a first-line antitubercular drug?
INH
Rifampin
Ethambutol
All of the above
INH is associated with which type of toxicity?
Neuro/hepatotoxic
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Cardiotoxicity
What unusual side effect is associated with Rifampin?
Orange secretions
Blue vision
Hair loss
Hearing loss
Fluconazole is used to treat which infection?
Candida
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Influenza
Amphotericin B is administered by which route for systemic use?
IV
Oral
Subcutaneous
Topical
Nystatin is used for which type of infection?
Candida
Influenza
Tuberculosis
Malaria
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of antivirals?
Inhibit viral replication
Stimulate bacterial growth
Block nerve impulses
Increase red blood cell production
Oseltamivir should be started within how many hours of flu symptoms?
<48 hours
<24 hours
<72 hours
<96 hours
Acyclovir is used to treat which viruses?
HSV
VZV
Both A and B
None of the above
Metronidazole is used to treat which of the following?
H. pylori
Trichomoniasis
Both A and B
None of the above
Ivermectin is used to treat which type of infection?
Helminths
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
Chloroquine is used to treat which disease?
Malaria
Diabetes
Hypertension
Tuberculosis
HAART for HIV/AIDS therapy consists of how many drugs?
1
2
3 or more
None
Which key drug for HIV/AIDS therapy has a black box warning for anemia?
Zidovudine
Efavirenz
Lamivudine
Nevirapine
What is a major side effect of Cyclophosphamide?
Immunosuppressant; alopecia.
Hypertension and cough.
Hyperglycemia and weight gain.
Nephrotoxicity and hearing loss.
Which drug is a folic acid blocker and requires leucovorin rescue?
Methotrexate
Cisplatin
Paclitaxel
Vincristine
Which antineoplastic agent is cardiotoxic?
Doxorubicin
Methotrexate
Vincristine
Bleomycin
Vincristine is known for which type of toxicity?
Neurotoxic
Cardiotoxic
Nephrotoxic
Hepatotoxic
Tamoxifen is used to treat which type of cancer?
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Prostate cancer
Skin cancer
Which antiandrogens are used in hormone therapy for prostate cancer?
Casodex, Lupron, Xtandi
Metformin, Insulin, Januvia
Aspirin, Tylenol, Advil
Lipitor, Crestor, Zocor
What is the main indication for antiandrogens such as Casodex, Lupron, and Xtandi?
Prostate cancer
Breast cancer
Osteoporosis
Hypertension
Cyclosporine is used for transplants and has which two major side effects?
Nephrotoxic, gingival hyperplasia
Hepatotoxic, alopecia
Ototoxic, rash
Myelosuppression, hyperkalemia
Which agents stimulate blood cell production during chemotherapy?
Erythropoietin, Filgrastim
Insulin, Glucagon
Heparin, Warfarin
Aspirin, Paracetamol
Interferon alfa-2b is used for which conditions?
Hepatitis, Kaposi's sarcoma
Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension
Asthma, Allergic rhinitis
Osteoarthritis, Gout
Which of the following is NOT a common live vaccine?
MMR
Hep B
HPV
Varicella
Live vaccines are contraindicated in which populations?
Pregnancy/immunocompromised
Healthy adults
Children over 5 years old
Elderly individuals without comorbidities
What should nurses check before administering therapy?
Allergies, organ function, interactions
Patient's favorite color, room temperature, time of day
Type of bed sheets, hospital cafeteria menu, parking availability
Weather forecast, nurse's schedule, hospital Wi-Fi password
What should nurses educate patients to do regarding therapy?
Complete full therapy course
Stop therapy when symptoms improve
Skip doses if feeling better
Double the dose if a dose is missed
Fill in the blank: When administering antibiotics, monitor for superinfections such as ______, itching, and discharge.
fever
rash
headache
nausea
Fill in the blank: Sulfonamides should be administered with ______.
fluids
food
antacids
alcohol
Fill in the blank: When administering penicillins, avoid ______.
juice
water
milk
bread
Fill in the blank: Tetracyclines should not be taken with ______ or exposure to ______.
dairy; sunlight
meat; cold
fruit; rain
vegetables; heat
Fill in the blank: Vancomycin should be infused for more than ______ minutes.
60
20
30
45
