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WorksheetsMicrobial Genetics
Total questions: 58
Worksheet time: 29mins
Which of the following characteristics do animals, fungi, and protozoa have in common?
They obtain their energy from light.
They obtain their energy and carbon atoms from chemicals.
They obtain their carbon from inorganic compounds.
They obtain their carbon from carbon dioxide.
Which of the following processes does not involve bacteriophages?
lysogenic conversion
transformation
transduction
lytic cycle
In transduction, bacteria acquire new genetic information in the form of:
bacterial genes
naked DNA
R-factors
viral genes
The process whereby naked DNA is absorbed into a bacterial cell is called:
transcription
transduction
transformation
translation
The process by which a nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae cell is changed into a toxigenic cell is called:
transformation
transduction
lysogenic conversion
conjugation
The physical characteristics of an organism make up the organism’s:
Phenotype
Genotype
An organism detoxifies H2O2. This statement describes the organism’s:
Phenotype
Genotype
An organism has a gene that codes for catalase. This statement describes the organism’s:
Genotype
Phenotype
What is a gene?
A collection of codons
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific product
A segment of DNA with a specific nucleotide sequence
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes are different in that:
Eukaryotic chromosomes lack introns
Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular
Prokaryotic chromosomes consist of chromosomal RNA
Prokaryotic chromosomes are single stranded
What is the function of cAMP in regulation of the lac operon?
activates an activator protein
activates a repressor protein
inactivates an activator protein
inactivates a repressor protein
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The lagging strand of DNA is started by an RNA primer.
DNA polymerase joins nucleotides in one direction (5' to 3') only.
DNA replication proceeds in one direction around the bacterial chromosome.
The leading strand of DNA is made continuously.
In prokaryotes, two replication forks arise at the origin of replication and move in opposite directions until:
They reach the ends of the chromosome
They meet
They reach the stop codon
Prokaryotes only have one replication fork
In transcription:
DNA polymerase replicates DNA
Ribosomes make amino acids
RNA polymerase makes tRNA
DNA makes mRNA
In translation:
DNA polymerase replicates DNA
Ribosomes make amino acids
Ribosomes read mRNA and make protein
RNA polymerase makes mRNA
In replication:
DNA polymerase replicates DNA
Ribosomes make amino acids
Ribosomes read mRNA and make protein
RNA polymerase makes mRNA
Synthesis of enzymes coded for by genes that are part of the lac operon:
Is inhibited by galactose
Is stimulated by binding of glucose to the repressor
Is not turned on unless lactose is present
Requires a co-repressor
A frameshift mutation is the result of:
The deletion of the promoter
The deletion of the operator
The substitution of one base for another
The addition or deletion of a base or bases to a strand of DNA
Mutations may be caused by:
Chemicals
Radiation
Spontaneous changes in the base sequence without mutagens
All of the these
Enzyme that splits lactose:
Transacetylase
Allolactose
Beta-galactosidase
Lac permease
An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n):
inducible enzyme
restriction enzyme
operator
repressible enzyme
Which of the following cells incorporates the F factor into their genome and is responsible for multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
Bacteriophage
Hfr
F-
F+
Mutations are always harmful to an organism.
True
False
Mutations are changes in the base sequence of a DNA molecule.
True
False
A point mutation will always change the product coded for by the gene in which the mutation occurs.
True
False
A frameshift mutation will always change the product coded for by the gene in which the mutation occurs.
True
False
In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously.
True
False
Supercoiling in bacteria is accomplished using histones.
True
False
Eukaryotes tend to have multiple origins of replication; prokaryotes have one .
True
False
Nucleotides are separated via the process of:
glycolysis
proteolysis
lipolysis
hydrolysis
DNA replication occurs during the ____ phase of Binary Fission.
R
D
S
I
Most DNA replication occurs during the ____ phase of microbial growth.
LAG
Death
Stationary
LOG
Reading a strand of DNA/mRNA always proceeds in what direction?
left to right
5' -> 3'
3' -> 5'
right to left
Prokaryotes have spliceosomes that cut out introns.
True
False
Eukaryotes have spliceosomes that cut out introns.
True
False
The genetic code involves degeneracy, meaning:
amino acids decay quickly
each codon is coded for by several amino acids
each amino acid is coded by several codons
DNA is an alcoholic
The start codon in euks and proks is _______.
UAA
AUG
UAG
UUU
Translation forms ___________ bonds between amino acids.
glycosidic
hydrogen
peptide
ionic
____________ is responsible for keeping excess lactose inside the bacterial cell (against the concentration gradient).
transacetylase
beta-lactamase
lac permease
beta-galactosidase
E. coli contamination is found in yogurt. Will it produce beta-galactosidase?
Yes
No
E. coli contamination is found in ground beef. Will it produce beta-galactosidase?
Yes
No
Repressors and inducers bind to the _________ site of the operon.
promotor
operator
Which will a bacterium eat first?
Glucose
Lactose
Starch
Mannitol
In order for a cell to genetically recombine, it must be ______________ - in a n optimal physiological state.
altered
a bacillus
competent
geneless
When an F+ cell donates to an F- cell, a ____ cell results.
F+
F-
New
HFR
DNA polymerase:
unzips the double helix
relaxes the DNA strands
keeps DNA strands separated during replication
adds nucleotides/ proofreads DNA
binds to promoter and initiates transcription
Topoisomerase/Gyrase:
unzips the double helix
relaxes the DNA strands
keeps DNA strands separated during replication
adds nucleotides/ proofreads DNA
binds to promoter and initiates transcription
Helicase:
unzips the double helix
relaxes the DNA strands
keeps DNA strands separated during replication
adds nucleotides/ proofreads DNA
binds to promoter and initiates transcription
Single-stranded-binding protein:
unzips the double helix
relaxes the DNA strands
keeps DNA strands separated during replication
adds nucleotides/ proofreads DNA
binds to promoter and initiates transcription
Primase:
separates pyrimidine (T/C) dimers
joins Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
keeps DNA strands separated during replication
synthesizes primer on the lagging strand for DNA polymerase binding
binds to promoter and initiates transcription
Ligase:
separates pyrimidine (T/C) dimers
joins Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
keeps DNA strands separated during replication
synthesizes primer on the lagging strand for DNA polymerase binding
binds to promoter and initiates transcription
Photolyase:
separates pyrimidine (T/C) dimers
joins Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
keeps DNA strands separated during replication
synthesizes primer on the lagging strand for DNA polymerase binding
binds to promoter and initiates transcription
RNA polymerase:
separates pyrimidine (T/C) dimers
joins Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
keeps DNA strands separated during replication
synthesizes primer on the lagging strand for DNA polymerase binding
binds to promoter and initiates transcription
When a sex pilus or mating bridge is used to transfer genes between organisms:
transduction
conjugation
transposon
bacteriophage
Set of operator and promotor sites and the structural genes they control:
operon
transducer
transformer
transposer
Virus that infects bacteria:
transposer
transducer
bacteriophage
tranposer
Circular, self-replicating, extrachromosomal DNA
operon
plasmid
transformer
transposer
Promoter:
initiates transcription of structural genes on an operon
controls transcription of structural genes on an operon
when two chromosomes exchange information
passing genetic info to cells in the same generation
