You declare a variable in Python by using the syntax: variable_name = value.

variable_name : value

let variable_name = value

set variable_name to value

A list can only contain numbers, while a tuple can contain any data type.

A list is defined with {}, while a tuple is defined with []

A list is mutable and defined with [], while a tuple is immutable and defined with ().

A list is immutable and defined with [], while a tuple is mutable and defined with ().

'if' checks a condition, 'elif' checks additional conditions, and 'else' executes if all previous conditions are false.

'if' always executes, 'elif' is optional, and 'else' is mandatory.

'if' checks for errors, 'elif' is for debugging, and 'else' is for logging.

'if' is used for loops, 'elif' is for functions, and 'else' is for imports.

A for loop is used to define functions in Python.

A for loop is a type of variable in Python.

A for loop is a method for creating classes in Python.

A for loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly for each item in a sequence.

function_name(parameters) =>

create function_name(parameters)

function_name: parameters()

def function_name(parameters):

The purpose of the 'return' statement is to provide a value from a function to its caller.

To define the function's parameters.

To end the function execution immediately.

To create a loop within the function.

Modules can be imported with 'include module_name'.

Import modules using 'load module_name'.

Use the 'import' statement, e.g., 'import module_name'.

Use the 'require' statement, e.g., 'require(module_name)'.

Reading creates data while writing deletes data.

Writing retrieves data from a file.

Reading and writing are the same process.

Reading retrieves data from a file, while writing modifies or creates data in a file.

Use try-except blocks to handle exceptions in Python.

Use print statements to debug exceptions in Python.

Ignore exceptions and continue execution.

Use if-else statements to handle exceptions in Python.

To define functions in Python

To create loops in Python

The purpose of 'try' and 'except' blocks is to handle exceptions and errors in a controlled manner.

To import libraries in Python

A class in OOP is a blueprint for creating objects, defining attributes and methods.

A class is a method used to manipulate data.

A class is a function that executes code.

A class is a type of variable that holds data.

Inheritance in Python is a mechanism where a new class derives properties and behavior from an existing class.

Inheritance is a way to create multiple classes without any relationship.

Inheritance in Python is a method to delete classes from memory.

Inheritance allows a class to inherit only methods, not properties.

Use the class name followed by a semicolon, e.g., 'instance = ClassName;'

Instantiate a class by calling its method directly, e.g., 'instance = ClassName.method()'

Create an instance using the class name without parentheses, e.g., 'instance = ClassName'

Use the class name followed by parentheses, e.g., 'instance = ClassName()'.

To initialize an object's attributes when creating an instance of a class.

To define a class method for inheritance.

To create a new class in Python.

To execute code when a class is defined.

Use 'open("filename.txt") as file: read(file)' to read the entire file at once.

Use 'open("filename.txt") and file.readlines()' to read lines without a loop.

Use 'file.read_lines()' to read all lines in a list.

Use 'with open("filename.txt") as file: for line in file: print(line)'.

'w' mode is for appending data to existing files.

The difference is that 'r' mode is for reading (no write access), while 'w' mode is for writing (overwrites existing files or creates new ones).

'r' mode allows both reading and writing.

Both modes create new files if they don't exist.

raise Exception()

raise Exception('Error message')

throw Exception('Error message')

raise 'Error message'

Polymorphism is the ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface.

Polymorphism is the method of hiding the implementation details of a class.

Polymorphism is the ability to create multiple instances of a class.

Polymorphism refers to the process of combining multiple classes into one.

Use the 'instance()' function.

Use 'get_type()' method.

Use the 'type()' function.

Check the variable with 'var_type()'.

'self' is a placeholder for the class name itself.

'self' is used to create static methods in a class.

'self' is a keyword used to define global variables.

'self' refers to the instance of the class and is used to access variables that belong to the class.

A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs, where each key is unique.

A dictionary is a type of list that can hold multiple data types.

A dictionary is a method for defining functions in Python.

A dictionary is a way to store data in a sequential manner.

Virtual environments are created automatically when you install Python.

Use 'create env_name' command to set up a virtual environment.

Use 'env_name = virtual()' to create a virtual environment.

Use the command 'python -m venv env_name' to create a virtual environment.

Sequence, selection, iteration

Structured, object-oriented, procedural

Java, Python, Visual Basic

Machine, assembly, high-level

directs the order of execution of the statements in the program

dictates what happens before te program starts and after it terminates

defines program-specific data structures

manages the input and output of control characters

Am I here?

Or here ?

Am I here ? Or here ?

Or here ? Or over here ?

Yes

No

May be

Nothing printed

Error

range(1,3)

range(0,3)

range(0,3,1)

range(1,3,0)

condition

True

Program has a syntax error.

3 > 2

more than 7

more than 23

spam

7

3

3

7

3

5

7

7

True

NIL

True

NIL

True

NIL

NIL

level 3

level 3

level 1

level 3

level 1

NIL

level 3

level 2

level 1

NIL

FALSE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

TRUE

To go back to the old way of programming

To create a programming language for students in grade school

To make it easier to learn Java

Python was developed by accident

Microsoft (c)

Sun Microsystems (c)

Python (TM) is open source and free to use

Google (c)

High, compiled

High, interpreted

Low, compiled

Low, interpreted

True

False

True

False

Expresses an action to be carried out

Always returns results like expressions

Rules controlling how components in a program are combined

An instruction to perform a task, usually one word

carries out an action

the elements of a command

a collection of characters

how elements in a commad are arranged

a statement including elements of a command

the structure and form of the code

source code that is grouped together

meaning assigned to symbols, characters and words

$

>>

#

!

the structure of form of the code

the meaning of the characters and words in the code

the statement that is missing from the instructions

an event occurring during execution of a program which disrupts the flow of the program's instructions

how characters are arranged in a statement

detecting or removing errors from a program

removing viruses from a computer

the meaning of each of the characters and symbols in the program

True

False

string

block

instruction

variable

faster, less

faster, more

slower, less

slower, more

Support for using Python (TM) is easy to find

It is free

There is a large catalog of supporting documents

it is a less powerful programming languange

ok

okok

no output

none of above

1,4

2

2,4

4

20 22 24 26 28

20

22

24

26

28

20 22 24 26 28 30

20

22

24

26

28

30

The variables used inside function are called local variables.

The local variables of a particular function can be used inside other functions, but these cannot be used in global space.

The variables used outside function are called global variables

In order to change the value of global variable inside function, keyword global is used.

from adder import add

result = adder.add(2, 3)

from adder import add

result = add(2, 3)

import add from adder

result = add(2, 3)

import adder

result = adder.add(2, 3)

‘Know’, ‘Program’

(‘Know’, ‘Program’)

[‘Know’, ‘Program’]

{‘Know’, ‘Program’}

[‘a’, ‘’, ‘b’, ‘’, ‘c’, ‘*’, ‘d’]

[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’]

[‘abcd’]

[‘abc*d’]

items()

dict_items([(1,2,3)])

dict_items([(‘A’), (‘B’), (‘C’)])

dict_items([(1, ‘A’), (2, ‘B’), (3, ‘C’)])

1. (x**y) / z

1. (x / y) * z

1. (x**y) % z

1. (x / y) / z

1. Infile = open(''d:\\java.txt'', ''r'')

1. Infile = open(file=''d:\\\java.txt'', ''r'')

1. Infile = open(''d:\java.txt'',''r'')

1. Infile = open.file(''d:\\java.txt'',''r'')

bike= Kawasaki H2R

"bike" = Kawasaki

H2R bike= "Kawasaki H2R"

"KawasakiH2R"= bike

x="50"

x: 50

"x"=50

x=50

x=y y = 10

print(x +y)

x=5 y = x

print(x +y)

x=10 y =5

print(x +y)

x=5 y =10

print(x +y)

2my-first_name = "John"

my-firstname = "John"

__my-first_name = "John"

my2-first_name = "John"

len()

length()

type.legth()

fulllength()

x=txt(0)

x=txt(1)

x=txt[0]

x=txt[1]

Options

x= txt[2:4]

x= txt[1:4]

x= txt[2:5]

x= txt[2:6]

a=10 b=20 if a is greater than b: print("Hello World")

a=10 b=20 if a>b: print("Hello World")

a=10 b=20 if a>b; print("Hello World")

otherwise:

then:

else:

elif:

def my_function:

define my_function:

func my_function;

create funct my_function;

my_function

fname

lastname

lname

cherry

apple

apple cherry

banana

do while

for

if

while

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

COLLECTION OF FILES

COLLECTION OF MODULES

IT IS SUBPROGRAM

NAME OF A FILE

cmath.py

urlib.py

math.py

statistics.py

25

10

120

error bcz factorial is not a module in math

import

from

dir()

import*

import add from adder

result = add(2, 3)

from adder import add

result = add(2, 3)

from adder import add

result = adder.add(2, 3)

import add

result = adder.add(2, 3)

random.randint(1,11)

random.randint(1,10)

random.randrange(1,11,1)

random.randrange(1,10,1)

define

def

function

fu

It breaks the large program into small modules.

It avoids repetition.

It makes code reusable.

It makes the program unorganized.

0,1,2,3,4,5,6

1,2,3,4,5,6

0,1,2,3,4,5

1,2,3,4,5

4,5,6,7

3,4,5,6,7

3,4,5,6,7,8

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

1 and 2

1 and 0

0 and 1

0 and 10

int()

round()

oct()

hex()

single quoted comments

double quoted comments

triple quoted comments

hash tagged comments

9

3

27

30

Custom function

Built-in function & User defined function

User function

System function

'init' is a built-in function for error handling.

'init' is used to initialize the attributes of a class instance.

'init' is a method that creates a new class.

'init' is used to define static variables in a class.

Exceptions cannot be handled in Python.

Use 'catch' to handle exceptions.

Use 'try' and 'except' blocks to catch exceptions.

Use 'error' to manage exceptions.

set

tuple

dictionary

list

method

def

function

func

**

++

*

&

Exits the function

Deletes the function

Calls another function

Returns a value

execute my_function()

call my_function()

my_function[]

my_function()

function my_function(fname, lname)

my_function(fname, lname)

def my_function(fname, lname)

def my_function: fname, lname

fruits[4]

return fruits[3]

fruits.get(4)

return fruits(4)

list.add(items, item)

items.append(item)

items.add(item)

items.push(item)

error...catch

try...except

try...catch

do...while

loop x in range(5)

for x = 0; x < 5; x++

for x to 5

for x in range(5)

class Vehicle:{}

class Vehicle()

class Vehicle:

class Vehicle[]

[32,17,23,41,10]

[17,23,41,10,32]

[10,17,23,32,41]

[41,32,23,17,10]

append( )

append_more( )

extend( )

more( )

del student

del student[0:2]

student.clear()

sampleDict = {}

sampleDict = dict()

sampleDict = dict{}

True

False

True

False

True

False

del ( )

pop( )

Clear( )

len( )

pop( )

del( )

keys( )

values( )

[20, 30, 40, 50]

[10, 20, 30, 40]

[30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80]

[30, 40, 50]

[10, 20, 30, 40]

[40, 50, 60, 70, 80]

None of these

[15, 10, 5]

[10, 5]

[25, 10]

False

True

[5,9,0,8]

[8,0,9]

[8,0,9,5]

[0,9,5]

Ascending order

Decending order

extend( )

insert ( )

append( )

extend( )

append( )

insert( )

32

16

128

No fixed length is specified

129

8

121

None of the above

str and int

int and int

str and str

int and str

Brackets

Indentation

Key

None of the above

float and int

int and float

float and float

int and int

Pointers

Loops

Dynamic Typing

All of the above

Try

Except

Finally

All of the above

For

While

Do-While

None of the above

If ele in list

If not ele not in list

Both A and B

None of the above

strptime ( )

strftime ( )

Both A and B

None of the above