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Unit 6 AP Bio Pre assessment

Total questions: 94

Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Deoxynitrogenous Acid

b)

Deribo Nuclein Acid

c)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

d)

Denatured Nucleic Acid

2.

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

a)

double helix

b)

a single helix (one strand)

c)

square

d)

5 sided ring

3.

There are four nitrogenous bases found in DNA. Three are cytosine, thymine, and guanine. What is the fourth? 

a)

cytosinez

b)

purine

c)

uracil

d)

adenine

4.

What makes up the SIDES of a DNA ladder?

a)

nitrogen bases

b)

Deoxyribose sugars & phosphates

c)

genes & chromosomes

d)

RNA

5.

What makes up the rungs (center) of a DNA ladder?

a)

sugars & phosphates

b)

nitrogen bases

c)

sugars

d)

genes & chromosomes

6.

What is DNA made up of?

a)

nucleotides

b)

cytoplasm

c)

RNA

d)

cells

7.
Cytosine always pairs with
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
8.

According to the Base pair rule, if a DNA molecule contains 2 cytosine's how many guanines will it contain?

a)

1500

b)

2

c)

0

d)

1000

9.

DNA is located in the _____ in eukaryotic cells.

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

ribosome

10.

Nucleotides consist of all of the following except:

a)

a phosphate

b)

a sugar

c)

a base

d)

a nucleic acid

11.

Which of the following is not a DNA base?

a)

adenine (A)

b)

guanine (G)

c)

cytosine (C)

d)

histidine (H)

12.

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

a)

sugar and phosphate

b)

nitrogen bases

c)

sugar and nitrogen bases

d)

phosphate and nitrogen bases

13.

What are the correct base pair rules in DNA?

a)

A-T and C-G

b)

A-C and T-G

c)

A-G and C-T

d)

A-A, C-C, G-G, and T-T

14.

How is everyone's DNA different if there are only 4 bases in DNA?

a)

the base are arranged differently in each person

b)

each person has 4 different bases

c)

DNA is NOT different, everyone's is the same

d)

I don't know :(

15.

The diagram shows the parts of a nucleotide for DNA. What part does "A" represent?

a)

Phosphate

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous Base

d)

Ribose Sugar

16.

The diagram shows the parts of a nucleotide for DNA. What part does "B" represent?

a)

Phosphate

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous Base

d)

Ribose Sugar

17.

The diagram shows the parts of a nucleotide for DNA. What part does "C" represent?

a)

Phosphate

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous Base

d)

Ribose Sugar

18.

Which type of bonds form between complementary base pairs?

a)

Covalent

b)

Ionic

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Water

19.
Who is responsible for producing this image?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
20.
What was Watson and Crick's main scientific accomplishment?
a)
Building the first accurate model of DNA
b)
Isolating strains of pneumonia causing bacteria
c)
Determining base pairing rules
d)
Discovering the process of genetic transformation
21.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
22.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
23.
A scientist observes a base sequence of AGCTAGCTAGCT.  Which of the following would be the complimentary strand?
a)
TGCATGCATGCA
b)
TCGATCGATCGA
c)
TAGCTAGCTAGC
d)
TTAAGGCCTTCC
24.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
25.
This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.
a)
anti-parallel
b)
deoxyribosic
c)
helical
d)
radioactive
26.
Polymerase is able to replicate the new DNA ______ along the leading strand.
a)
continuously
b)
only in short fragments
c)
very slowly
d)
prokaryotically
27.
Based on the diagram, the enzyme (represented in gray) is most likely...
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
DNA Ligase
c)
Nuclease
d)
Helicase
28.
Okazaki fragments form on the:
a)
lagging strand
b)
leading strand
c)
base-pairs
d)
5' end
29.

Replication is occurring AWAY FROM the replication fork on strand

a)

I, the leading strand

b)

I, the lagging strand

c)

H, the leading strand

d)

H, the lagging strand

30.
Which of these is in the correct order for the Central Dogma of Biology? (what do we always start with? What are we trying to make?)
a)
DNA --> mRNA --> protein
b)
DNA --> protein --> mRNA
c)
mRNA --> DNA --> protein
d)
protein --> DNA --> mRNA
31.
This is a DNA strand: TACGAA Which is the mRNA strand that would be made through transCription?
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
32.
_______ is made during transcription and ________ is made during translation.
a)
a protein / mRNA
b)
Ribosome / Nucleus
c)
mRNA / a protein
d)
mRNA / tRNA
33.
What is a pollypeptide chain?
a)
a long chain of amino acids made during translation
b)
a long chain of amino acids made during transcription
c)
a long chain of nucleotides made during translation
d)
a long chain of nucleotides made during transcription
34.
Which process does this picture show?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
35.
Which process does this picture show?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
36.

What is this a picture of?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

tRNA

37.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Tyrosine
38.
What will be the resulting mRNA from this DNA sequence:
GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?
a)
CTA-ATG-TCT-AAT-GTA
b)
GAU-UAG-UGA-UUA-GUT
c)
CUA-AUG-UCU-AAU-GUA
d)
CAT-ACA-TAC-ATA-TAG
39.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Tyrosine
40.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon GUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Valine
41.

What is gene expression regulation and why is it important in biology?

a)

Gene expression regulation is important in biology because it allows cells to mutate and become cancerous

b)

Gene expression regulation is not important in biology because it only affects non-essential functions

c)

Gene expression regulation is not important in biology because it has no impact on the organism's overall health

d)

Gene expression regulation is important in biology because it allows cells to respond to their environment, differentiate into specific cell types, and maintain proper functioning of the organism.

42.

Explain the role of transcription factors in gene expression regulation.

a)

Transcription factors have no role in gene expression regulation.

b)

Transcription factors regulate the initiation of transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences.

c)

Transcription factors regulate the initiation of translation by binding to specific RNA sequences.

d)

Transcription factors are only involved in DNA replication and not gene expression regulation.

43.
what does a promoter do?
a)
it allows a gene to be transcribed
b)
it creates a DNA segment
c)
it is another word for ribosomes
d)
it is another word for RNA
44.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
45.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
46.
Why do cells need repressors?
a)
so we only make proteins we need
b)
so we can make as my proteins as possible
47.

What is cell specialization?

a)

A) A process where cells become identical

b)

B) A process where cells differentiate and perform specific functions

c)

C) A process where cells reproduce rapidly

d)

D) A process where cells lose their functions

48.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

49.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Inversion

d)

Translocation

50.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
51.

ATT-TGA-GCC- Original

ATT-GAG-CC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

52.

DNA molecule segment is : TTA-CGC-AAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTC-GCA-AG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

53.

Original DNA: CAT GAT CCA

New DNA: CAT TGA TCC A

What mutation occurred?

a)

deletion

b)

substitution

c)

tranverse

d)

insertion

54.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
55.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
56.

What type of gene mutation has occurred here? Normal-

AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG

Mutant-

AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G

a)

deletion frameshift

b)

insertion frameshift

c)

substitution

d)

nonsense

57.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Maybe?
58.

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

59.
A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine when translated. A substitution mutation occurs and causes the sythesis of the segment shown. Which is the new peptide chain when the new DNA segment is translated?
a)
methionine, leucine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
b)
methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
c)
Methionine, proline, histidine, aspartate, glycine
d)
methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
60.
Which mutation will cause translation to stop? 
a)
Mutations 1 and 3 only
b)
Mutation 1 only
c)
Mutation 2 only
d)
Muations 1, 2, 3
61.

Which of the following is true regarding substitution mutations ...

a)

a missense mutation. This could affect the 3D structure of the protein. 

b)

a silent mutation. The mutation causes no effect as the first mRNA codon still codes for the same amino acid even though the base has been substituted.

c)

a nonsense mutation. The mutation causes the second mRNA codon to become a stop codon, which means it stops synthesis of the amino acid chain prematurely. This will likely result in a non-functional protein.

d)

frameshift mutation. This causes all of the amino acids shown to change. This will cause a non-functional protein. 

62.

Match the following

a)

have no effect on the amino acids produced during protein synthesis.

1.

silent mutation

b)

causes a stop codon instead of a normal amino acid codon. This causes translation to be terminated prematurely, causing a shorter protein. 

2.

nonsense mutation

c)

causes a codon to code for a different amino acid than the original one.

3.

missence mutation

d)

causes the “reading frame” of the codons to shift forwards or backwards. This can change the entire sequence of amino acids.

4.

frameshift mutation

e)

causes a change to one base and potentially one amino acid of the polypeptide chain

5.

point mutation

63.

Label each of the following chromosomal mutations

a)Translocation
b)Deletion
c)Inversion
d)Duplication
1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
64.

Identify which of the following are true and which are false

a)False 5
b)True 5
c)False 4
d)True 4
e)False 3
f)True 3
g)False 2
h)True 2
i)False 1
j)True 1
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
65.

What is NOT an accurate difference between the organization of prokaryotic genomes vs. eukaryotic genomes?

a)

Prokaryotes possess a single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotes possess multiple linear chromosomes

b)

Prokaryotes do not organize their DNA around histones, while eukaryotes do

c)

Prokaryotes can have plasmids while eukaryotes cannot

d)

Prokaryotic genomes contain operons whereas eukaryotic genomes do not

66.

A cluster of genes in a prokaryote that code for proteins all performing related functions in the cell is called a...

a)

Regulatory Sequence

b)

Distal Control Element

c)

Open Reading Frame (ORF)

d)

Operon

67.

An operon is best defined as...

a)

transcription and translation happening simultaneously

b)

a group of genes that share the same operator and promoter in a prokaryote

c)

polycistronic mRNA

d)

a gene that requires activation by a transcription factor to be expressed.

68.

A structural gene...

a)

turns other genes on or off

b)

codes for proteins to be translated in the cell

c)

is a sequence of nucleotides where regulatory proteins bind

d)

codes for cell parts that provide rigidity to the cell

69.

A researcher is studying a particular operon and notices that under very specific environmental conditions, the repressor is bound to the operator. The most reasonable conclusion is that...

a)

the environment dictates that the structural genes within the operon should not be transcribed

b)

the regulatory gene coding for the repressor protein must contain a mutation

c)

the operon is an inducible system

d)

the structural genes within the operon must not be essential for the bacterium's survival

70.

If a researcher studying an inducible operon system in a particular strain of bacteria suspects that the operator sequence might have experienced a loss-of-function mutation, what experiment would provide evidence to support the hypothesis?

a)

Artificially synthesize proteins using the structural genes of another population of similar bacteria and then insert these into the cell. Observe whether the operon turns off in response.

b)

Use restriction (cutting) enzymes to cut out the operator and see if the operon regains function.

c)

Induce a mutation in the promoter sequence as well and observe whether the structural genes can be transcribed.

d)

Bioengineer a plasmid containing an unmutated copy of the operator and insert it into a bacterium. Ensure there are no inducers in the cell and observe whether a repressor binds the operator.

71.

What is true about this operon?

a)

The regulatory gene codes for protein A.

b)

RNA polymerase binds to a sequences of nitrogen bases called the operator.

c)

Four RNA polymerases are required to work on this operon --- one for each structural gene.

d)

The mRNA transcribed is polycistronic (containing nucleotide sequences containing multiple start/stop codons and coding for more than one protein)

72.

What DNA base sequence in an operons is responsible for holding the genetic information for the making of the operon repressor

a)

Regulatory Gene

b)

Promoter

c)

Operator

d)

First Structural Gene

73.

Reorder the following steps to illustrate how an inducible operon system is turned on.

a)

RNA polymerase binds the promoter and the inducer binds the repressor, which unbinds from the operator.

b)

RNA proceeds past the operator and moves along the structural genes transcribing mRNA.

c)

A polycistronic mRNA is produced at the end of transcription.

d)

Multiple ribosomes work on the mRNA strand to translate the structural proteins.

e)

The newly synthesized proteins carry out a related function in the cell.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
74.

Match the following.

Categorize the following

Is normally "off" but can be turned "on".

Turned on by the presence of an INDUCER.

Allows for the synthesis of enzymes only when needed.

Example includes the lac operon.

The operator is usually bound by the repressor.

Can be activated by small molecules that interact with the repressor.

Facilitates the breakdown of lactose when it is present.

Is normally "on" but can be turned "off".

Regulates the synthesis of enzymes continuously unless a corepressor is present.

Example includes the trp operon.

The operator is usually free of the repressor.

Can be inhibited by small molecules that interact with the repressor.
Facilitates the synthesis of tryptophan when it is absent.

Turned off by the build up of a COREPRESSOR.

Inducible Operon System
Repressible Operon System
75.

All the genes in both a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are expressed at the same time.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

In order for a gene to be expressed, ___ must bind to the gene's ___, a specific sequence of nucleotides at one end of the gene, thus initiating transcription.

a)

DNA polymerase, promotor

b)

DNA polymerase, operator

c)

RNA polymerase, promotor

d)

RNA polymerase, operator

77.

An operon is

a)

a genetic on/off switch in prokaryotes

b)

a genetic on/off switch in eukaryotes

c)

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in prokaryotes

d)

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in eukaryotes

78.

Genes can be shut off (not expressed) when a ___ binds to the ____.

a)

activator, operator

b)

repressor, operator

c)

corepressor, operator

d)

repressor, promotor

79.

What is the inducer in the lac operon?

a)

cAMP

b)

glucose

c)

lactose

d)

CRP

80.

Negative control of gene expression is mediated by __ and results in a(n) __ in the frequency of transcription.

a)

activators, increase

b)

activators, decrease

c)

repressors, increase

d)

repressors, decrease

81.
In eukaryotes, proteins that help the RNA polymerase bind to the regulatory region for transcription are called ____________.
a)
transcription factors
b)
topoisomerase
c)
regulatory genes
d)
activators
82.
What is the name given to part of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein?
a)
Glucose
b)
Chromosome
c)
Gene
d)
Phosphate
83.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
84.
What structure of this molecule binds with the mRNA molecule?
a)
Amino Acid
b)
tRNA
c)
Anticodon
d)
Codon
85.

In an operon, the sequence of DNA that serves as a binding site for a repressor, and thereby regulates the expression of structural genes.

a)

promoter

b)

inducer

c)

operator

d)

repressor

86.
What type of operon is the trp (tryptophan) operon?
a)
inducible
b)
repressible
c)
positive control
d)
promoible
87.

In the top picture the operon is

a)

on

b)

off

88.

What is 1 (the YELLOW molecule) in the diagram?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

Inducer

c)

Repressor

d)

Operator

89.
The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the
a)
promoter
b)
repressor
c)
operator
d)
gene
90.
An operon consists of all the the following EXCEPT
a)
operator
b)
promoter
c)
regulatory gene
d)
genes of the operon
91.

In eukaryotes, DNA is tightly coiled around ____ in chromatin

a)

Histones

b)

Whey

c)

Casein

d)

Hemoglobin

92.
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Rough E.R.
93.

Gene regulation is the process that is used to:

a)

help make sugars for cells in plants.

b)

make glycosomes in cells.

c)

turn genes on and off.

d)

Not sure, need help.

94.

Operons are found in the cells of which of the following types of organisms?

a)

prokaryotes

b)

eukaryotes

c)

animals only

d)

viruses

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