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WorksheetsChapter 2 - Matter and Minerals
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 55mins
Which physical property of the mineral is most easily seen in the photograph?
fracture
hardness
streak
cleavage
The tendency of a mineral to split when struck along specific planes of the crystal structure is __________.
cleavage
streak
fracture
The three most abundant elements in Earth’s crust are oxygen, silicon, and _________.
aluminum
iron
nitrogen
A __________ is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid substance with a fixed chemical composition and crystal structure.
rock
mineral
compound
This means that atoms in a mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again
chemical composition
crystal structure
fracture
solid
The _____ of a mineral is a physical property that is easy to observe and the least reliable for identification.
chemical composition
hardness
color
streak
90% of the minerals found in the Earth's crust are _________
carbonates
silicates
sulfates
halides
Minerals are divided into groups based on their ____________________.
ability to react
chemical composition
luster
physical properties
This mineral is _________________
non-metallic
dull
organic
metallic
The measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.
streak
color
luster
hardness
The way that a mineral reflects light. It can be metallic or non-metallic.
streak
hardness
fracture
luster
The study of minerals is called
meteorology
geology
astronomy
mineralogy
In order to be classified as a mineral a substance must be
man-made
organic
able to be scratched by a penny
naturally occurring
What is an element?
A substance that can be broken down into simpler substances
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
A mixture of different substances
A compound of two or more elements
Where are electrons located in an atom?
In the nucleus
In energy levels
In the atomic number
In the mass number
What is a compound?
A single element
A mixture of elements
A substance of two or more elements chemically combined
A physical combination of elements
What type of bond forms between positive and negative ions?
Covalent bond
Metallic bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
What type of bond forms when atoms share electrons?
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Metallic bond
Hydrogen bond
Which of the following is NOT a process by which minerals form?
Crystallization from magma
Precipitation
Photosynthesis
Formation from hydrothermal solutions
What do sulfates and sulfides contain?
Sulfur
Carbon
Silicon
Oxygen
What do oxides contain?
Oxygen and one or more other elements
Carbon and oxygen
Silicon and oxygen
Sulfur and oxygen
What is the smallest particle of matter that contains the characteristics of an element?
atom
molecule
neutron
electron
What is the central region of an atom called?
electron cloud
nucleus
energy level
proton
Which particles make up atoms?
protons, neutrons, electrons
protons, electrons, nuclei
electrons, neutrons, ions
neutrons, electrons, molecules
Which of the following is an element?
water
hydrogen
air
carbon dioxide
A mineral CANNOT be
solid.
formed from once-living material.
naturally occurring.
light in color.
To what class of minerals do gold, silver, and copper belong?
carbonates
native elements
halides
sulfates and sulfides
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the
luster
streak
cleavage
fracture
What is a mineral?
A mineral is a pure substance that is solid and has a specific gravity greater than 1 g/cm3
A mineral is a crystalline substance in which atoms are arranged in a regularly repeating and orderly pattern (symmetry).
A mineral is a naturally occurring compound found deep in the Earth's crust
__ T or F. Ice can be a mineral
True
False
Which element is most abundant in the Earth's crust
Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminium
Iron
What does it mean for a mineral to be chemically inorganic?
Contains carbon-hydrogen bonds
Does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds
Is made of living organisms
Is a liquid
What are the five characteristics that define a mineral?
synthetic, biological, plasma, changing chemical composition, and chaotic internal structure
man-made, organic, liquid, variable chemical composition, and disordered internal structure
artificial, living, gas, unknown chemical composition, and random internal structure
naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, definite chemical composition, and ordered internal structure
What is the difference between a mineral and a rock?
Minerals are formed by biological processes, while rocks are formed by geological processes.
Minerals are only found on the surface of the Earth, while rocks are found in the Earth's mantle.
Minerals are always solid, while rocks can be solid, liquid, or gas.
Minerals have a specific chemical composition and crystalline structure, while rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals.
What are the physical properties used to identify minerals?
Color, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, specific gravity, and streak
Taste, smell, sound
Magnetism, flexibility, transparency
Weight, volume, texture
What is the Mohs scale and how is it used to identify minerals?
The Mohs scale is used to identify minerals by testing their reaction to acid
The Mohs scale is used to identify minerals by measuring their weight in relation to a standard weight set
The Mohs scale is used to identify minerals by testing their scratch resistance against the 10 minerals on the scale, ranging from talc (softest) to diamond (hardest).
The Mohs scale is used to identify minerals by measuring their electrical conductivity
Explain the difference between cleavage and fracture in minerals.
Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks with irregular surfaces, while fracture is the way a mineral breaks along flat surfaces.
Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks into small pieces, while fracture is the way a mineral breaks into large pieces.
Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks along flat surfaces, while fracture is the way a mineral breaks with irregular surfaces.
Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks with smooth edges, while fracture is the way a mineral breaks with jagged edges.
How do minerals contribute to the economy and society?
Minerals contribute to the economy and society by causing environmental degradation and pollution
Minerals contribute to the economy and society by increasing unemployment and poverty
Minerals contribute to the economy and society by decreasing the standard of living and quality of life
Minerals contribute to the economy and society by providing raw materials for industries, creating job opportunities, and generating revenue through exports.
Explain the environmental impact of mining for minerals.
Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem disruption
Noise pollution and light pollution
The environmental impact of mining for minerals includes deforestation, habitat destruction, soil erosion, and water contamination.
Air pollution and ozone depletion
When carbonate minerals come into contact with hydrochloric acid, they
break
fizz
freeze
evaporate
Diamond is
the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale
a nonmetallic element
the only mineral with luster
an isotope of silicon
The area of the atom that contains electrons has a(n) (a) charge.
Particles in the nucleus of an atom are its _________and ________
(a)
The periodic table organizes (a) according to their properties
An atom with the atomic number 8 has __________protons and _____________electrons. (use numbers to answer this question not words)
(a)
A(n) (a) is the smallest particle of a covalent compound that shows properties of the compound.
When atoms share electrons, a(n) (a) bond forms.
The most common group of minerals is the (a) group.
Minerals can form from very hot mixtures of water and dissolved substances called (a) solutions.
Density is a property of matter that is the ratio of an object's (a) to its volume
Is a PEARL an mineral? (Think about how it forms...)
yes
no
True or False: Minerals can be man-made.
True
False
A few minerals strongly attract what?
Metals
Density
Fracture
Magnets
Which of the following is a native element?
Galena (PbS)
Bismuth (Bi)
Hematite (Fe2O3)
Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)
Which of the following is a carbonate?
Witherite (BaCO3)
Celestine (SrSO4)
Brucite (Mg(OH)2)
Cassiterite (SnO2)
Which of the following is a hydroxide?
Witherite (BaCO3)
Celestine (SrSO4)
Brucite (Mg(OH)2)
Cassiterite (SnO2)
If the mineral's chemical formula is BaSO4 which mineral group is the mineral in?
silicates
carbonates
halides
sulfates
Which of the following is a silicate?
Zircon (ZrSiO4)
Brucite (Mg(OH)2)
Thenardite (Na2SO4)
Rhodochrosite (MnCO3)
A rare, precious, highly prized mineral that can be cut, polished, and used for jewelry is called a(n) _________
crystal
element
gem
mineral
