Font size
WorksheetsReview: A&P Chemistry Part III
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 31mins
Organic molecules or compounds contain both ______ and ______.
hydrogen and carbon
oxygen and nitrogen
sulfur and phosphorus
calcium and potassium
Which of the following is NOT an example of an organic substance in the body?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Water
Proteins
Examples of common inorganic substances are:
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, salts
Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids
Sugars, starches, fats
What is the most abundant compound in living things and makes up two-thirds of the weight of a human adult?
Water
Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Why is water important in transporting solutes in the body?
Because it is the major component of blood and other body fluids.
Because it is a source of energy for cells.
Because it acts as a structural protein in tissues.
Because it provides insulation against heat loss.
What does water absorb and transport throughout the body?
Heat
Light
Sound
Electricity
Which of the following ions are provided by salts?
Sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, and sulfate
Glucose, fructose, sucrose
Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
None of the above
Electrolytes from salts play important roles in which of the following processes?
Nerve impulse conduction
Muscle contraction
Transport of substances across cell membranes
All of the above
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cellular activities?
Provide genetic information
Provide energy for cellular activities and materials for synthesizing various cell structures; stored as energy reserves
Act as enzymes
Store vitamins
Carbohydrates are composed of which elements?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur
Oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen
Carbohydrates typically have twice as many ___ atoms as ___ atoms.
hydrogen, oxygen
oxygen, hydrogen
carbon, hydrogen
hydrogen, carbon
Which of the following is a monosaccharide (simple sugar)?
Sucrose
Glycogen
Glucose
Starch
Disaccharides (double sugars) consist of how many simple sugars?
2 simple sugars
1 simple sugar
3 simple sugars
4 simple sugars
Polysaccharides consist of many ___ molecules joined together.
glucose
amino acid
fatty acid
nucleotide
(a) are organic substances that are insoluble in water.
Which of the following are included in lipids?
Fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, and steroids
Proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates
Sugars, starches, and cellulose
Enzymes, hormones, and vitamins
______ are the most abundant type of lipids.
Triglycerides (fats)
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes
Triglycerides store and supply energy for cellular function.
True
False
Triglycerides consist of which of the following?
Glycerol and two fatty acids
Glycerol and three fatty acids
Glycerol and four fatty acids
Only fatty acids
Fatty acids with all single carbon-carbon bonds are called ________.
saturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids
trans fatty acids
polyunsaturated fatty acids
Fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms are called ________.
unsaturated fatty acids
saturated fatty acids
trans fats
essential amino acids
The portion of the triglyceride molecule that is common to both saturated and unsaturated fats is called the ______ portion.
glycerol
fatty acid
ester
phosphate
Which of the following components make up phospholipids?
Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group
Glycerol, three fatty acids, and a phosphate group
Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a sugar group
Glycerol, three fatty acids, and a sugar group
The phosphate 'head' of a phospholipid is ________, while the fatty acid 'tail' is ________.
hydrophobic, hydrophilic
hydrophilic, hydrophobic
hydrophobic, hydrophobic
hydrophilic, hydrophilic
Phospholipids are important in cellular structures, such as ________.
plasma membranes
cell walls
ribosomes
mitochondrial DNA
A very important steroid used to synthesize sex hormones and several hormones from the adrenal glands is ________.
cholesterol
glucose
hemoglobin
insulin
Which group of lipids has a basic molecular structure of four connected rings of carbon atoms?
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Triglycerides provide thermal insulation beneath the skin.
True
False
When looking at cardiovascular health, a physician will often want to test the ratio and types of lipids found in the blood. What does LDL stand for?
Low density lipoproteins
High density lipoproteins
Low density leukocytes
High density leukocytes
What is the main function of HDL (high-density lipoproteins) in the blood?
Stick to sides of vessels
Clean blood vessels and prevent inappropriate blood clots
Increase blood pressure
Store cholesterol in the blood stream
LDL has a tendency to stick to the sides of vessels, which can lead to blood clots.
True
False
The recommended ratio of LDL to HDL should be between ___ or ___ LDL : 1 HDL.
4 or 3 LDL : 1 HDL
2 or 1 LDL : 1 HDL
6 or 5 LDL : 1 HDL
8 or 7 LDL : 1 HDL
Which of the following statements is true about HDL (High-density lipoprotein)?
HDL is known as 'bad cholesterol' and contributes to plaque build-up in arteries.
HDL is known as 'good cholesterol' and helps remove LDL from the arteries.
HDL contains more cholesterol than proteins.
HDL sticks to artery walls and causes blockages.
What elements are proteins primarily composed of?
C, O, H, and N
C, O, H, and P
C, O, H, and Ca
C, O, H, and Fe
Select two functions of proteins mentioned in the lecture.
Building and repairing tissues, regulating body processes
Storing genetic information, providing insulation
Carrying oxygen, storing calcium
Producing hormones, digesting fats
Proteins consist of building blocks called ________, each of which contains a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a side chain called the R group.
amino acids
fatty acids
nucleotides
monosaccharides
Most living organisms have how many different amino acids that make up their proteins?
10
20
50
100
Which part of an amino acid varies and makes each type of amino acid unique?
A) Amino group
B) Carboxyl group
C) R group
D) Hydrogen atom
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids
The folding of the polypeptide chain into alpha helices and beta sheets
The overall three-dimensional shape of the protein
The association of multiple polypeptide chains
What causes the unique folded structure of a protein in the tertiary structure?
Attractions between amino acids in different parts of the protein molecule
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA
The presence of ribosomes during translation
The number of peptide bonds formed
Which level of protein structure is found only in proteins that consist of more than one polypeptide chain?
Quaternary structure
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
The secondary structure of a protein is often either _______ or twisted to form a coil.
pleated
branched
globular
linear
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
The folding of a single polypeptide chain into a three-dimensional structure
The pleated or coiled arrangement of the polypeptide chain
The combination of two or more polypeptide chains to form a single, larger protein molecule
What is the unique 3-dimensional shape of a protein due to?
Hydrogen and covalent bonding in different parts of the polypeptide chain
Only hydrogen bonding
Only covalent bonding
Ionic bonding
What does the conformation of a protein determine?
The function of a protein
The color of a protein
The location of a protein in the cell
The amount of protein produced
Protein conformation can be ______ and fibrous or globular.
long
short
circular
flat
What is denaturation in proteins?
Reversible change in protein shape
Irreversible disruption of a protein’s shape and loss of function due to breaking of hydrogen bonds
Formation of new proteins
Increase in protein synthesis
Which of the following can cause protein denaturation?
pH changes
Excessive temperature changes
Radiation
Chemicals
All of the above
What do nucleic acids form and participate in?
Nucleic acids form genes and participate in protein synthesis.
Nucleic acids form carbohydrates and participate in energy storage.
Nucleic acids form lipids and participate in cell membrane structure.
Nucleic acids form vitamins and participate in hormone regulation.
Nucleic acids are large organic molecules?
True
False
Each nucleotide consists of which three components?
A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of five nitrogenous bases.
A 6-carbon sugar, a fatty acid, and a phosphate group.
A 5-carbon sugar, a glycerol molecule, and a nitrogenous base.
A phosphate group, a lipid, and a 4-carbon sugar.
What are the two major types of nucleic acids?
RNA and DNA
ATP and ADP
Glucose and Fructose
Lipid and Protein
Which of the following is single-stranded?
DNA
RNA
Protein
Lipid
What is the function of RNA in the cell?
Functions in protein synthesis
Stores genetic information permanently
Provides structural support to the cell wall
Acts as a primary energy source for the cell
The nucleotides in RNA contain which sugar?
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Glucose
Fructose
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a modification of RNA that contains how many phosphate groups?
Three
One
Two
Four
What is the main function of ATP in the body?
Stores and provides energy for chemical reactions in the body
Acts as a structural component of cell membranes
Serves as a genetic material
Regulates body temperature
Which of the following statements about DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is true?
DNA is single-stranded and not twisted
DNA is double-stranded, twisted into a spiral, held together with hydrogen bonds
DNA does not store genetic code
DNA nucleotides do not contain sugar
DNA stores the molecular (genetic) code in genes, which is used by cells to ________ proteins.
synthesize
digest
transport
eliminate
Match the following DNA bases with their correct pairs as s:
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
