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WorksheetsUnit 1: What is Earth Science?
Total questions: 141
Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins
Study of the Universe
Astronomy
Geology
Meteorology
Hydrology
the gaseous envelope of the Earth
A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable.
A group in a lab experiment that is not exposed to the test variable.
A close relationship between two variables in an event or situation.
A condition or factor which is affected by another factor or factors.
A group in a lab experiment that is exposed to the tested variable.
The study of origins, history and structure of the Earth.
The portions of Earth made of rock and minerals
geosphere
meteorology
The study of movement and distribution of water and ice on Earth
Hydrology
Geology
Meteorology
Botany
All oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds, and ice on Earth's surface
The educated guess that is tested with the scientific method to see if it might be true.
The condition or factor which can be manipulated in an experiment and which can influence the results.
The study of Earth's atmosphere and weather
NASA
An unifying concept that forms the basis of scientific investigation in a particular field that consist of formal theories, classic experiments, and trusted methods.
Paradigm
A series of steps that scientists use to guide their reasoning while conducting science experiments.
A condition or factor involved in an experiment.
A scientific idea supported by evidence but not necessarily proven.
working theory
Earth Science is broken into __ fields of study.
3
4
5
6
What are the 4 different fields of Earth Science?
Astronomy
Hydrology
Meteorology
Biology
Geology
Study the formation of Earth and the stars, as well as their movement. The movement of Earth around the sun affects the amount and distribution of daylight and causes the four different seasons: fall, winter, spring, and summer.
(a)
Study of Earth's water reservoirs. The scientists study oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, ice, and the atmosphere to see how water moves among them and affects other Earth systems.
(a)
The science devoted to studying Earth's atmosphere and weather systems. These scientists also study hurricanes, tropical storms, tornadoes, and other atmospheric phenomena. Then they use that information to forecast severe storms so they can warn people about threatening hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes.
(a)
The study of the processes that have shaped Earth throughout history. his includes the study of volcanoes and earthquakes, as well as the processes that make mountains and wear them down into canyons over hundreds of millions of years.
(a)
All the fields of Earth science depend on one another and where one field of study ends another begins. Together, the fields and specialities of Earth science are painting new pictures of Earth, the "blue" planet, every day. With sophisticated new technologies and time-tested methods, Earth scientists know more about climate change, mountain ranges, tornado warnings, and outer space (to name just a few) than ever before.
True
False
Mom is always right!
What is Earth Science?
Earth Science is the study of the Earth, air and water.
Only _ percent of Earth's water is drinkable.
Earth scientists aim to understand the interconnectedness of the atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and in part the biosphere of planet over time.
True
False
Dad is always right.
Earth scientists ______ in their work, so they need to communicate with other Earth scientists to find out things they need to know.
specialize
deny
The first step to solving any problem is to know what the problem is. Many Earth science problems have more than one part. Focusing on just one manageable part of a large problem maks an Earth scientist's work less overwhelming.
Form a hypothesis
Design and conduct experiments
State the problem
Make observations and collect data
State the Problem
Scientific Method Step 1
Scientific Method Step 2
Scientific Method Step 3
Scientific Method Step 4
Form a hypothesis
Scientific Method Step 1
Scientific Method Step 2
Scientific Method Step 3
Scientific Method Step 4
Design and conduct controlled experiments and research projects
Scientific Method Step 2
Scientific Method Step 3
Scientific Method Step 4
Scientific Method Step 5
Make observations and collect data
Scientific Method Step 1
Scientific Method Step 2
Scientific Method Step 3
Scientific Method Step 4
Draw conclusions
Scientific Method Step 2
Scientific Method Step 3
Scientific Method Step 4
Scientific Method Step 5
Difference between causation and correlation
The difference between theory and fact
Theory explains phenomena but has not been tested and proven; fact has been proven.
Difference between dependent variable and independent variable.
The independent variable is manipulated, while the dependent variable is affected by other factors.
Difference between dependent variable and the control in an experiment.
Difference between independent variable and the control in an experiment
The process of building a paradigm
The process of building a paradigm vs shifting a paradigm
How does accurate record-keeping, openness to new data, and repeatability of results essential to maintaining scientific integrity?
Any reasonable statement that proposes an explanation for your observations is a good hypothesis, as long as you can think of a way to find out whether right or wrong.
True
False
Go Blue!
The challenge is to develop a (a) that lets you demonstrate the connection between the problem and its underlying cause, while also ruling out other possible cause.
An experiments and research projects must be ______ carefully, so that it will accurately test your hypothesis and it repeatable.
It is important to carefully record the data from your experiment. Careful observations and data from the facts of science hypotheses may change, but facts do not.
True
False
Boiler Up!
It's still a valuable conclusion to the experiment if the hypothesis is proven wrong. Good scientific conclusions require ____ experiments, so the scientific method is repeated again and again.
many
If you are looking at a stream that has dried up, are you looking at a system in equilibrium?
Paleontology
The study of past geological periods and fossils.
Hydrogeology
Hydrogeology is how water interacts with geological systems.
Tectonics
Tectonics is the study of the Earth's structural features, especially folds and faults in the crust.
Petrology
the origin and composition of rocks.
Sedimentology
Geophysics
the origin and composition of rocks.
landscapes and the processes that change them.
the physical processes and phenomena occurring on and in Earth.
Geochemistry
the chemical composition and changes in rocks.
the origin and composition of rocks.
the physical processes and phenomena occurring on and in Earth.
Geomorphology
landscapes and the processes that change them.
the origin and composition of rocks.
the physical processes and phenomena occurring on and in Earth.
Which of the following is the independent variable in our experiment?
The sea level.
The increase in air temperature.
The size of the ice cap.
Which statement predicts what would happen if our hypothesis were true? (Increasing average air temperature is causing ice caps to melt, which raises global sea level.)
The temperature does not affect the water at all.
If the temperature decreases the oceans will freeze.
If the temperature increases glaciers will melt.
The temperature affects water only in warm parts of the world.
Theories change over time; facts do not. Theories often change when new research becomes available. Facts are the data and observations collected through the scientific method.
True
False
People who specialize in the art of making maps.
the apparent junction between earth and sky from any observer's position
The four directions on a compass - north, south, east, and west.
Cartography
Cardinal Directions
Elevation
Legend
A design on a map that shows direction.
What is this?
An instrument used to determine direction by means of a magnetic needle that points to the magnetic north.
What is this?
If you are walking along in the morning and the sun is on your left, which direction are you going?
North
East
South
West
Lines that run east to west on a map or globe that give information about the distance north or south of the equator.
Lines that run north to south on a map or globe that give information about the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
The line at zero degrees longitude. All other longitude lines are measured from this point.
The line at zero degrees latitude. All other latitude lines are measured from this starting point.
Lines that run north to south on a map or globe that give information about the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
Lines that run east to west on a map or globe that give information about the distance north or south of the equator.
Parallels
What is this?
What is this?
the science or practice of drawing maps.
What does this map show?
What does this map show?
A map of the Earth with longitudes, cardinal directions and the Equator.
The northernmost and southernmost points on the globe.
What does this picture show?
A representation of the Earth with both North and South Poles.
A navigational system that uses satellite signals to determine a location on Earth.
Global Positioning Satellite
An instrument used in navigation to measure angular distances, especially of celestial objects, to determine latitude and longitude.
What is this tool?
A set of latitude and longitude numbers that direct someone to a specific point.
Which town is located at approximately 38 degrees N and 75 degrees W?
Bisbee, AZ
Talledega, AL
Pocomoke City, MD
Woonsocket, RI
Which Woonsocket has a longitude of 98 degrees W?
SD
RI
The ratio of the distance on the map to the actual distance between locations.
Use the scale to determine the distance between New York, NY, and Newark, NJ.
10 km
20 km
50 km
110 km
The conversion of a three-dimensional object into a two-dimensional object.
A model of Earth where the meridians are equally spaced vertical lines, the parallels are equally spaced horizontal lines, and the meridians and parallels are perpendicular to each other.
What type of projection is this?
Cylindrical Projection
Planar Projection
What type of projection is this?
Cylindrical Projection
Planar Projection
The conversion of a three-dimensional globe into a two-dimensional map.
Cylindrical Projection
Planar Projection
Planar Projections Advantages
Shows shortest distance
Used navigating in the air
Used for sailing
Lines are evenly spaced
Cylindrical Projections Advantages
Shows shortest distance
Used navigating in the air
Used for sailing
Lines are evenly spaced
Cylindrical Projection disadvantage
Distorted at the poles
Distorted at the edges
Planar Projection disadvantage
Distorted at the poles
Distorted at the edges
A map that shows the geographic location of features on a horizontal plane but does not show the elevation.
A map depicting the features and elevation of the land surface.
A map that conveys specific information about an area, usually with colors, patterns, or symbols.
What type of map?
Planimetric Map
Thematic Map
Topographic Map
What type of map?
Planimetric Map
Thematic Map
Topographic Map
What type of map?
Planimetric Map
Thematic Map
Topographic Map
A list of symbols used on a map.
What is the box on the left?
The features and elevation of the land surface.
The height above sea level.
The difference in elevation between the high and low points of a landscape.
Lines on a topographic map connecting points of equal elevation.
What type of map? Look at this example.
Topographic Map
Pick A
The process of gathering information about land and water through images taken at a distance.
Light that is redder than the red visible to humans. This wavelength of light transfers heat energy.
A condition in which all forces are balanced by others, resulting in a stable system.
Which image shows equilibrium?
First
Second
Third
A process in which heat is transferred through a material, resulting in different densities.
The amount of mass per unit volume.
A measurement of the amount of matter in an object.
Which cube is more dense and has more mass?
First cube
Second Cube
Hot water is less dense, so it rises. Cooler water is more dense, so it sinks. Changes in density due to temperature differences are what makes convection cells go round.
True
False
Convection in the lowermost layer of the atmosphere begins when heated air along the equator rises up, while cooler air from the middle latitudes rushes in to take its place. Convection in the atmosphere is what makes wind.
True
False
What is this called?
Convection Cell
Something that takes up space.
The capacity to do work, like lifting an object or the heating of water.
The energy associated with motion.
The energy of matter derived from its position.
Example of Potential Energy
Person running in place
Stretched rubber band
Rock at the top of the hill
Moving water
Example of Kinetic Energy
Person running in place
Stretched rubber band
Rock at the top of the hill
Moving water
Energy isn't created, wasted, or destroyed. It simply is transferred from one form to another.
True
False
The gasoline is stored energy, which changes into heat in a car's engine and then into the kinetic energy that speeds the car down the road. In this case, energy is not created or destroyed; it just changes form.
Laws of conservation of matter and energy
Energy is not created or destroyed; it just changes form.
The sequence of events and processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock.
Sediments eroded from mountainsides and transported in streams are an example of the conservation of ______.
light
matter
energy
heat
When sediments are transformed into metamorphic rock, ______ helps to transform the material.
the sun
potential energy
matter
heat energy
Cycles occur all the time. Whenever they occur, matter and energy always are conserved.
True
False
The sun transfer (a) to the ocean in the form of waves through the wind.
A cow eating grass, making milk, and then fertilizing the ground is an example of (a) the of energy and matter.
The rock cycle is a series of Earth processes in which matter is (a) and recycled.
Everything in the universe is made of __________.
matter and energy.
x-ray and light.
energy and space dust
heat and dirt
