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anatomy and physiology midterm review

Total questions: 137

Worksheet time: 1hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Superior

a)

toward the head

b)

away from the head

c)

front of the body

d)

closer to the point of attachment

2.

Inferior

a)

away from the midline of the body

b)

toward the back

c)

away from the head

d)

away from the surface of the body

3.

Anterior

a)

away from the point of attachment

b)

front of the body

c)

toward the midline of the body

d)

near the surface of the body

4.

Posterior

a)

back of the body

b)

toward the belly

c)

away from the point of attachment

d)

toward the head

5.

Ventral

a)

toward the belly

b)

toward the back

c)

closer to the point of attachment

d)

away from the surface of the body

6.

Dorsal

a)

toward the back

b)

away from the point of attachment

c)

away from the head

d)

toward the midline of the body

7.

Proximal

a)

away from the point of attachment

b)

closer to the point of attachment

c)

away from the midline of the body

d)

back of the body

8.

Distal

a)

closer to the point of attachment

b)

away from the point of attachment

c)

toward the midline of the body

d)

away from the midline of the body

9.

Medial

a)

away from the midline of the body

b)

away from the surface of the body

c)

toward the midline of the body

d)

front of the body

10.

Lateral

a)

away from the midline of the body

b)

toward the belly

c)

toward the head

d)

away from the head

11.

Superficial

a)

toward the belly

b)

away from the surface of the body

c)

closer to the point of attachment

d)

near the surface of the body

12.

Deep

a)

near the surface of the body

b)

away from the surface of the body

c)

toward the head

d)

away from the head

13.

Stimulus

a)

a signal to which an organism responds

b)

one of the sensory nerve endings in the skin, deep tissues, viscera, and special sense organs.

c)

the body structure that determines the normal range of the variable, or setpoint

d)

an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus

14.

Receptor

a)

a signal to which an organism responds

b)

one of the sensory nerve endings in the skin, deep tissues, viscera, and special sense organs.

c)

the body structure that determines the normal range of the variable, or setpoint

d)

an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus

15.

Control center

a)

a signal to which an organism responds

b)

one of the sensory nerve endings in the skin, deep tissues, viscera, and special sense organs.

c)

the body structure that determines the normal range of the variable, or setpoint

d)

an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus

16.

Effector

a)

a signal to which an organism responds

b)

one of the sensory nerve endings in the skin, deep tissues, viscera, and special sense organs.

c)

the body structure that determines the normal range of the variable, or setpoint

d)

an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus

17.

What is an organelle?

a)

one of the sensory nerve endings in the skin, deep tissues, viscera, and special sense organs.

b)

a specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.

c)

the control center of the cell

d)

site of protein synthesis

18.

Nucleus

a)

the control center of the cell

b)

The organelle that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs.

c)

The organelle that transports proteins

d)

a stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

19.

Ribosome

a)

The organelle that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs.

b)

The organelle that transports proteins

c)

site of protein synthesis

d)

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.

20.

Smooth ER

a)

The organelle that transports proteins

b)

The organelle that transports, synthesizes lipids, and detoxifies drugs.

c)

a stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

d)

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.

21.

Rough ER

a)

The organelle that transports proteins

b)

The organelle that transports, synthesizes lipids, and detoxifies drugs.

c)

Stores materials for the cell

d)

the powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production.

22.

Golgi Apparatus

a)

The organelle that transports proteins

b)

site of protein synthesis

c)

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

d)

a stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

23.

Lysosome

a)

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.

b)

Stores materials for the cell

c)

site of protein synthesis

d)

the control center of the cell

24.

Vacuole

a)

The organelle that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs.

b)

site of protein synthesis

c)

Stores materials for the cell

d)

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.

25.

Mitochondria

a)

the powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production.

b)

Stores materials for the cell

c)

the control center of the cell

d)

site of protein synthesis

26.

The components of the cell membrane

a)

carbohydrates

b)

phospholipid bilayer

c)

glycolipids

d)

cholesterol

e)

proteins

27.

What are the functions of the proteins in the cell membrane?

a)

act as receptors and channels

b)

carriers and enzymes

c)

cell identification

d)

protection

28.

Diffusion

a)

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration without a protein

b)

The molecules that move with the concentration gradient need a carrier protein use.

c)

The passage or diffusion of water or other solvents through a semipermeable membrane

29.

Facilitated Diffusion

a)

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration without a protein

b)

How molecules that move with the concentration gradient that need a carrier protein use.

c)

movement of water through a semi premeable membrane

30.

Osmosis

a)

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration without a protein

b)

How molecules that move with the concentration gradient that need a carrier protein use.

c)

The passage or diffusion of water or other solvents through a semipermeable membrane

31.

movement into the cell by vesicles (requires ATP)

a)

endocytosis

b)

exocytosis

32.

movement out of the cell by vesicles (does not require ATP)

a)

endocytosis

b)

exoctyosis

33.

Is active transport AGAINST or DOWN the concentration gradient?

a)

against

b)

down

34.

Is passive transport AGAINST or DOWN the concentration gradient?

a)

against

b)

down

35.

when the concentration of solute is lower on the side of the membrane in question than the other.

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Hypertonic

c)

Isontonic

36.

when the concentration of solute is higher on the side of the membrane in question than the other.

a)

hypotonic

b)

hypertonic

c)

isotonic

37.

when the solute concentration is equal on both sides of a semi-permeable membrane.

a)

hypotonic

b)

hypertonic

c)

isotonic

38.

In between cell division, DNA replication

a)

Interphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Prophase

d)

Telophase

39.

nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes start to condense, spindle fibers begin to form

a)

interphase

b)

prophase

c)

telophase

d)

metaphase

40.

chromosomes line up in the middle, each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber

a)

anaphase

b)

metaphase

c)

interphase

d)

telophase

41.

centromeres split into two, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles

a)

metaphse

b)

telophase

c)

anaphase

d)

prophase

42.

chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense, the miotic spindle fibers break down, spindle fibers continue to push poles down

a)

telophase

b)

anaphase

c)

interphase

d)

prophase

43.

What are tissues?

a)

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

b)

A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell

c)

Outermost layer of skin

d)

Inner most layer of skin

44.

List the main types of tissues in the human body.

a)

Connective tissue

b)

Epithelial tissue

c)

Muscle tissue

d)

Cell tissue

e)

Nervous Tissue

45.

What is epithelial tissue?

a)

cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body.

b)

cells covering only external surfaces of the body

c)

tissue needed for movement

d)

cells covering only internal surfaces of the body

46.

How is epithelium classified?

a)

the number of cells

b)

extracellular matrix

c)

layer of cells

d)

shape

47.

What are the functions of epithelia?

a)

acts as a barrier

b)

protect underlying tissues,

c)

secretes and absorbs substances

d)

permits the passage of substances

48.

Squamous

a)

flat

b)

cube

c)

column

49.

Cuboidal

a)

flat

b)

cube

c)

column

50.

Columnar

a)

flat

b)

cube

c)

column

51.

What is mucus?

a)

a slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

b)

a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream

c)

releases a secretion external to or at the surface of an organ by means of canal or duct

52.

What is a mucous membrane?

a)

A mucous membrane secretes mucus and lines body cavities and tubular organs.

b)

a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream

c)

a slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes.

53.

Endocrine gland

a)

a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream

b)

a gland (as a sweat gland, a salivary, or a kidney) that releases a secretion external to or at the surface of an organ by means of canal or duct

c)

secretes mucus

54.

Exocrine gland

a)

a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream

b)

a gland (as a sweat gland, a salivary, or a kidney) that releases a secretion external to or at the surface of an organ by means of canal or duct

c)

secretes mucus

55.

What is connective tissue?

a)

provides support for the body and connects all its parts

b)

cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body

c)

tissue made of cells capable of contracting.

56.

How is connective tissue classified

a)

type

b)

proportions of cells

c)

shape

d)

extracellular matrix

e)

number of cells

57.

What are the functions of connective tissue?

a)

enclosing and separating other tissues

b)

connecting tissues to one another

c)

supporting and moving parts of the body and transporting

d)

storing compounds and protecting

e)

cushioning and insulating

58.

Describe the extracellular matrix in connective tissue.

a)

A substance in which tissue cells are embedded contains ground substance and protein fibers.

b)

A substance that contains protein fibers, loose fibers, and other substances

c)

A substance in which cells contain ground substance

d)

A substance in which cells contain protein fibers

59.

loose packing, support, and nourishment and is distributed throughout the body

a)

Loose areolar

b)

Hyaline Cartilage

c)

Adipose

d)

Elastic Cartilage

60.

allows the growth of long bones; provides rigidity with some flexibility in the trachea; cartilage rings of the respiratory system, cartilage of ribs

a)

Elastic cartilage

b)

Hyaline cartilage

c)

Adipose

d)

Loose areolar

61.

provides rigidity and even more flexibility than hyaline cartilage because elastic fibers return to their original shape after being stretched; auditory tubes, external ears

a)

Hyaline cartilage

b)

Elastic cartilage

c)

Adipose

d)

Loose areolar

62.

packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage, and protection; attached to the surface of the colon and around kidneys

a)

Loose areolar

b)

Hyaline cartilage

c)

Adipose

d)

Elastic cartilage

63.

transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products, and other substances; within blood vessels

a)

blood

b)

bone

c)

adipose

d)

hyaline cartilage

64.

provides great strength and support and protects internal organs, such as the brain; bones also provide attachment sites for muscles and ligaments; all bones of the body

a)

bone

b)

blood

c)

adipose

d)

elastic cartilage

65.

cells that secrete the protein fibers; in skin and tendons and other tough tissues in the body

a)

Fibroblasts

b)

Chondrocytes

c)

Osteocytes

d)

Osteoclasts

66.

cartilage cells; produce and maintain the cartilage matrix

a)

Fibroblasts

b)

Osteoblasts

c)

Chondrocytes

d)

Osteoclasts

67.

mature bone cells; bone deposition; cartilage

a)

Osteocytes

b)

Osteoblasts

c)

Osteoclasts

d)

Chondrocytes

68.

bone performing cells; the synthesis and mineralization of bone during the initial bone formation, as well as bone remodeling

a)

Chondrocytes

b)

Fibroblasts

c)

Osteoclasts

d)

Osteoblasts

69.

bone destroying cells; breaking down for bone remodeling; in the bone surface

a)

Osteocytes

b)

Osteoclasts

c)

Fibroblasts

d)

Osteoblasts

70.

What is muscle tissue?

a)

tissue made of cells capable of contracting.

b)

cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body.

c)

acts as a barrier protect underlying tissues

d)

a gland

71.

striated and voluntary, attached to the skeleton

a)

Skeletal muscle

b)

Cardiac muscle

c)

Smooth muscle

72.

involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart

a)

Skeletal muscle

b)

Cardiac muscle

c)

Smooth Muscle

73.

involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

a)

Skeletal muscle

b)

Cardiac muscle

c)

Smooth muscle

74.

The functions of the integumentary system.

a)

protection

b)

sensation

c)

vitamin d production

d)

temperature regulation

e)

excretion

75.

The first outer layer of the skin and made of stratified squamous.

a)

epidermis

b)

dermis

c)

dermal papillae

d)

arrestor pilli

76.

the process by which cells form fibrils of keratin and harden

a)

Keratinization

b)

Melaninization

c)

Keratin

d)

Freckles

77.

deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells that undergo rapid cell division.

a)

Stratum basale

b)

Stratum corneum

c)

dermis

d)

epidermis

78.

the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells.

a)

Epidermis

b)

Stratum basale

c)

Stratum corneum

d)

Dermis

79.

a pigment that gives the skin its color.

a)

melanin

b)

age spots

c)

freckles

d)

melatonin

80.

flat melanized patches that vary with heredity and exposure to sunlight

a)

Freckles

b)

Melanin

c)

Age spots

d)

Cyanosis

81.

The inner layer of skin.

a)

Dermis

b)

Epidermis

c)

Stratum corneum

d)

Stratum basale

82.

an outgrowth of the skin, composed of keratin, at the end of each finger and toe.

a)

nail

b)

hair follicle

c)

dermal papillae

d)

arrestor pilli

83.

the visible part of the hair.

a)

Hair shaft

b)

Hair cuticle

c)

Hair follicle

d)

Hair

84.

the outermost layer of hair.

a)

Hair Cuticle

b)

Hair follicle

c)

Hair shaft

d)

hair

85.

the tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.

a)

Hair shaft

b)

Hair follicle

c)

Hair cuticle

d)

Hair

86.

oil glands in the skin

a)

Sebaceous glands

b)

Eccrine glands

c)

Apocrine glands

d)

Sweat glands

87.

found in the upper layers of the dermis they create your fingerprint pattern

a)

Dermal papillae

b)

Arrector Pilli

c)

Dermis

d)

Finger print

88.

an impression or mark made on a surface by a person's fingertip, especially as used for identifying individuals from the unique pattern of whorls and lines.

a)

Fingerprints

b)

Nail

c)

Arrector Pilli

d)

Dermal Papillae

89.

produces mostly water and a few salts

a)

Eccrine sweat gland

b)

Sweat glands

c)

Apocrine sweat glands

d)

Sebaceous glands

90.

thick secretion rich in organic substances

a)

Eccrine sweat gland

b)

Apocrine sweat glands

c)

Mucus

d)

Sebaceous gland

91.

injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity, or radiation

a)

Burn

b)

Scratch

c)

Cut

d)

Goosebumps

92.

decreased blood oxygen

a)

cyanosis

b)

jaundice

c)

albinism

d)

burn

93.

liver problems

a)

cyanosis

b)

jaundice

c)

albinism

d)

age spots

94.

discolorations caused by sun exposure

a)

freckles

b)

age spots

c)

cyanosis

d)

jaundice

95.

caused by arrector pili (smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that cause goosebumps that appear when contracted.)

a)

goosebumps

b)

fingerprints

c)

age spots

d)

freckles

96.

a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency of the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes.

a)

jaundice

b)

albinism

c)

cyanosis

d)

freckles

97.

involves the stratum basale and is readily treatable, doesn’t spread

a)

Basal cell carcinoma

b)

Malignant melanoma

98.

arises from melanocytes usually form a persisting more; metastasis is common and is often fatal

a)

Malignant melanoma

b)

Basal cell carcinoma

99.

What structure connects bones to other bones

a)

tendons

b)

ligaments

c)

hyaline cartilage

d)

none

100.

The oilt substaance secreted by sebaceous glands

a)

sebum

b)

sweat

c)

keratin

d)

carotene

101.

Also known as the subcutaneous layer

a)

epidermis

b)

dermis

c)

hypodermis

d)

stratum basale

102.

Yellow pigment of the skin

a)

jaundice

b)

carotene

c)

cyanosis

d)

melanin

103.

List the functions of the skeletal system.

a)

Provides major support from the body

b)

Bones protect internal organs

c)

Joints allow movement between bones

d)

Bones store and release minerals needed by the body

e)

Bone marrow gives ride to red blood cells

104.

What is hydroxyapatite?

a)

Calcium phosphate crystals in bone

b)

Calcium phosphate crystals in muscle

c)

phosphate crystals

d)

Calcium

105.

central shaft of a long bone

a)

Diaphysis

b)

Epiphysis

c)

Endosteum

d)

Periosteum

106.

end of a long bone

a)

Diaphysis

b)

Epiphysis

c)

Periosteum

d)

Endosteum

107.

covers epiphysis

a)

Medullary cavity

b)

Endosteum

c)

Articular cartilage

d)

Periosteum

108.

space in the interior of bone

a)

Periosteum

b)

Red marrow

c)

Yellow marrow

d)

Medullary cavity

109.

mostly adipose tissue

a)

Red marrow

b)

Yellow marrow

c)

Tuberosity

d)

Periosteum

110.

site of red blood cells

a)

Red marrow

b)

Yellow marrow

c)

Medullary cavity

d)

Articular cartilage

111.

connective tissue that covers the outside of a bone

a)

Diaphysis

b)

Periosteum

c)

Endosteum

d)

Epiphysis

112.

connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

a)

Epiphysis

b)

Periosteum

c)

Endosteum

d)

Tuberosity

113.

large, rounded knob on bone

a)

Tuberosity

b)

Diaphysis

c)

Epiphysis

d)

Periosteum

114.

Compact Bone

a)

made mostly of solid matrix and cells

b)

cancellous bone, consists of a lacy network of bone with marrow filling the spaces

115.

Spongey bone

a)

made mostly of solid matrix and cells

b)

cancellous bone, consists of a lacy network of bone with marrow filling the spaces

116.

ring around the central canal, sites of lacunae

a)

Haversian canal

b)

Canaliculi

c)

Lamellae

d)

Lacunae

117.

small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

a)

Lamellae

b)

Trabeculae

c)

Lacunae

d)

Canaliculi

118.

hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other + central canal

a)

Canaliculi

b)

Lamellae

c)

Haversian canal

d)

Trabeculae

119.

central canal; contains blood vessels and nerves

a)

Haversian canal

b)

Lamellae

c)

Canaliculi

d)

Trabeculae

120.

supporting bundles of bony fibers

a)

Lamellae

b)

Lacunae

c)

Trabeculae

d)

Canaliculi

121.

What is bone ossification?

a)

Formation of bone by osteoblast

b)

Formation of bone by osteoclast

c)

Formation of bone by osteocytes

122.

What type of ossification occurs within connective tissue membranes

a)

Endochondral ossification

b)

Intramembranous ossification

123.

What type of ossification occurs within cartilage

a)

Intramembranous ossification

b)

Endochondral ossification

124.

What are the 4 steps of bone repair

a)

Hematoma formation

Callus formation

Callus ossification

Bone remodeling

b)

Hematoma formation

Callus ossification

Callus formation

Bone remodeling

c)

Bone remodeling

Hematoma formation

Callus formation

Bone remodeling

d)

none of these

125.

Which hormones are involved in calcium homeostasis?

a)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

b)

Calcitonin

c)

Calcium

126.

Which hormone stimulates osteoclasts?

a)

PTH

b)

Calcitonin

c)

Calcium

127.

Which hormone inhibites osteoclasts?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

PTH

c)

Calcium

128.

Name the 3 main parts of the axial skeleton.

a)

skull

b)

ribs

c)

vertebral column

d)

pectoral and pelvic Girdles

e)

upper and lower limbs

129.

Fibrous joints

a)

little to no movement

b)

slight movement

c)

freely movable

130.

Cartilaginous joints

a)

little to no movement

b)

slight movement

c)

freely movable

131.

Synovial joints

a)

little to no movement

b)

slight movement

c)

freely movable

132.

Ball and socket joints

a)

hip

b)

knee

c)

shoulder

d)

elbow

133.

Hinge joints

a)

knee

b)

wrist

c)

ankle

d)

elbow

134.

Gliding joints

a)

ankle

b)

knee

c)

wrist

d)

elbow

135.

a condition in which the bones become weak and break easy

a)

Osteoporosis

b)

Scoliosis

c)

Carpal Tunnel

136.

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

a)

Osteoporosis

b)

Scoliosis

c)

Carpal Tunnel

137.

compression of median nerve causes weakness pain, and disturbances of sensation

a)

Osteoporosis

b)

Scoliosis

c)

Carpal Tunnel

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