WorksheetsAnatomy Final Exam Review F21
Total questions: 138
Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins
What term is used to describe a relatively stable environment?
homeostasis
positive feedback
negative feedback
physiology
anatomy
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be:
body temperature regulation
blood glucose level regulation
female in labor
thermostat in a house
A structure that is composed of two or more types of tissues is:
tissue
organ
organelle
cell
organ system
The study of the function of the body and body parts is called:
anatomy
negative feedback
irritability
physiology
homeostasis
Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
coronal
sagittal
ventral
dorsal
transverse
Which of the structures is most complex?
molecule
tissue
cell
organ system
organ
Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans):
anterior and dorsal
anterior and ventral
inferior and cranial
inferior and cephalad
superior and caudal
Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?
cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ system level, organismal level, organ level
cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level
chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
In anatomical position:
the body is erect with feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward
the body is lying face up with the feet parallel and the arms at the sides with the palms facing backward
the body is lying face down with the feet parallel and the arms at the sides of the palms facing backward
the body is lying face up with the feet parallel and the arms at the sides with the palms facing forward
the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing backward
What two terms mean this direction in the human body?
anterior and posterior
ventral and dorsal
anterior and ventral
posterior and dorsal
dorsal and anterior
The brachium is _____ to the carpal region.
anterior
superior
distal
proximal
medial
The digital region is _____ to the olecranal region.
anterior
superior
distal
proximal
lateral
The abdominal cavity is ___ to the thoracic cavity.
proximal
medial
lateral
posterior
inferior
What is the body plane?
transverse
coronal
frontal
sagittal
oblique
Name the body cavity.
abdominal
pelvic
thoracic
lumbar
spinal
Where would you expect to find this kind of tissue?
epidermis
hypodermis
dermis
heart
skeletal muscle
Which of the following is NOT connective tissue:
bone
cartilage
blood
skeletal muscle
adipose
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called:
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
brain tissue
Glands such as the thyroid that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than ducts are classified as:
exocrine
endocrine
sebaceous
ceruminous
sudoriferous
The type of tissue with a matrix that consists of rows of fibroblasts that manufacture collagen fibers is:
dense connective tissue
loose connective tissue
adipose tissue
areolar tissue
osseous tissue
The uppermost layer of skin is:
called the dermis
full of keratin
fed by a good supply of blood vessels
called the hypodermis
composed of dense connective tissue
The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to:
melanin
keratin
oil
Langerhans cells
sweat
Name the membrane that lubricates the outside surface of the lung.
parietal pleura
visceral pleura
parietal pericardia
visceral pericardia
parietal peritoneum
Name the membrane that lines the inside surface of the small intestine.
parietal pleura
parietal pericardia
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
mucus
Which gland produces oil that keeps the skin and hair supple?
goblet
sebaceous
mammary
ceruminous
serous
The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is:
cardiac
skeletal
smooth
both smooth and skeletal
both cardiac and skeletal
Which gland lubricates the external surfaces of internal organs?
goblet
sebaceous
mammary
ceruminous
serous
Name the layer of skin.
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
stratum corneum
stratum basale
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the:
osteocyte
osteoblast
osteoclast
chondroblast
chondrocyte
A fracture in the shaft of the bone would be a break in the:
metaphysis
diaphysis
articular cartilage
epiphysis
What is the structure labeled A in the picture?
epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
fibrocartilage
central canals
articular cartilage
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
support
storage of minerals
production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
movement
A round or oval opening through a bone is a:
foramen
fossa
facet
fissure
trochanter
Which of these bones is NOT associated with the foot?
talus
tarsals
metatarsals
calcaneus
metacarpals
Name the bone
mandible
sternum
scapula
clavicle
rib
Name the bone.
ischium
coxal
pubis
ilium
sacrum
What is the name given to these bones collectively?
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
cervical
coxal
Name the bone.
parietal
coxal
sacrum
calcaneus
manubrium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system?
production of movement
maintenance of posture
stabilization of joints
generation of heat
hematopoiesis
Acetylcholine is:
an ion pump on the postsynaptic membrane
a source of energy for muscle contraction
a component of thick myofilaments
an oxygen-binding protein
a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the:
motor unit
sarcomere
neuromuscular junction
synapse
cross bridge
When lowering a book to the table slowly using your bicep brachii muscle, you are using this type of muscle contraction:
isometric
concentric
eccentric
aerobic
anaerobic
Name the body movement.
extension of the elbow
flexion of the elbow
adduction of the elbow
abduction of the elbow
plantar flexion
Name the muscle
iliopsoas
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
gastrocnemius
biceps femoris
What is the action of the labeled muscle?
abduction of the arm
flexion of the arm
extension of the arm
adduction of the arm
circumduction of the arm
Name the muscle.
serratus anterior
external oblique
rectus abdominis
transverse abdominis
rectus femoris
Which division of the nervous system would allow your body to conserve energy when you are not being threatened?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
somatic
sensory
parasensory
What is the name of this cell?
neuroglia
neuron
astrocyte
dendrite
nerve
What is the function of letter D?
synaptic transmission
sensory reception
integration
saltatory conduction
olfaction
What is this diagram depicting?
the anatomy of a muscle
a reflex arc
the anatomy of a neuron
the anatomy of a nerve
the anatomy of a neuroglia cell
What is responsible for producing the resting potential across the membrane of a neuron?
neurotransmitter
sodium ions
potassium ions
sodium/ potassium pump
receptors
The transparent central anterior portion of the sclera through which light enters the eye is called the:
choroid
cornea
iris
pupil
retina
Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
sclera
retina
choroid
iris
optic nerve
The pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the:
iris
lens
cornea
sclera
retina
The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive wavelengths of visible light are:
red, green and yellow
red, blue and yellow
green, yellow and purple
orange, green and purple
blue, green and red
The greatest visual acuity is found at the
optic disc
fovea centralis
iris
ciliary body
lens
What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?
iris
sclera
lens
choroid
optic chiasma
Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor
The pathway of vibrations through the ossicles from the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the oval window is:
malleus, incus, stapes
incus, malleus, stapes
stapes, incus, malleus
malleus, stapes, incus
stapes, malleus, incus
The term 20/40 visions means...
the vision of the patient is normal
that what the patient can see at 20 feet, a normal person can see at 40.
that what the patient can see at 40 feet, a normal person can see at 20.
the patient is farsighted
Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to:
acids
beef steak
sugar
metal ions
alkaline substances
What sense does this organ sense?
olfaction
gustation
proprioception
presbyopia
elimination
How do steroid hormones exert their action?
Finding an appropriate cell receptor located on the outer membrane of the cell
entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
increasing blood pressure
stimulating the synthesis of a protein
The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. How is this accomplished?
blocking the action of growth hormone
slowing the activity of tissues that require calcium for activity.
antagonizing the synthesis of calcitonin
targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so calcium will be released
Insulin works as an antagonist to...
testosterone
oxytocin
thyroid hormone
glucagon
thymosin
The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is often referred to as the "master endocrine gland." What gives this small gland such distinction?
Its products initiate and maintain milk secretion via mammary glands.
Its products often regulate the release of hormones by other endocrine glands
Its products stimulate sperm production in the testes.
It is the only gland producing eicosanoids
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on:
the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
nothing- all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific
the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path
the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ
Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called...
enzymes
antibodies
hormones
proteins
What type of hormone is being illustrated by the diagram?
steroid
amino acid
protein synthesis
diabetes mellitus
myxedema
This disease is caused by an autoimmune response to the beta cells of the pancreas. Not enough insulin is produced and the blood becomes thick and concentrated.
diabetes insipidus
type 2 adult onset diabetes
type 1 diabetes mellitus
Cushing's syndrome
dwarfism
What type of immunity does this picture represent?
humoral immunity
antibody-mediated immunity
cell-mediated immunity
nonspecific immunity
inflammation
What type of immunity does this picture represent?
humoral immunity
cell to cell contact immunity
cell-mediated immunity
nonspecific immunity
inflammation
Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by:
T lymphocytes
plasma cells
macrophages
helper T-cells
antigens
What is the name of the substance found on foreign cells, bacteria and viruses that can cause a response from and is the target of immune cells?
antigen
lymphocyte
antibody
macrophage
What are the two parts of the specific immune response?
humoral and antibody-mediated
inflammation and cell-mediated
cell-mediated and complement fixation
cell-mediated and humoral
Where is lymph ultimately returned?
spleen
liver
blood
lymph nodes
Name the process
chemotaxis
phagocytosis
diapedesis
edema
agglutination
What organ of the lymphatic system is this?
tonsil
lymph node
lymphatic valve
Peyer's patch
spleen
Name the process
phagocytosis
inflammation
specific (adaptive) immune response
non-specific immune response
autoimmune response
Select the correct statement about the function of antibodies.
Antibodies are hormones that send signals in the bloodstream.
Neutralization is the process by which antibodies cause invading cells to clump together.
Antibodies are destroyed by T cells.
Antibodies can attach to the antigens of a virus, keeping it from invading body cells.
A weakened version of a virus that is injected into a person to create an immunity is called...
antibiotics
completment
vaccine
interleukin
Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
increased tissue demand for oxygen
decreased tissue demand for oxygen
an increased number of RBCs
moving from a high altitude to a low altitude
Platelets:
carry oxygen
are able to move into tissue spaces to fight infection
undergo phagocytosis
stick to the damaged area of blood vessel and help seal the break
These blood cells are filled with a protein called hemoglobin which carry oxygen to tissues.
eosinophils
platelets
erythrocytes
basophils
lymphocytes
Which blood type is called the universal donor?
A
B
AB
O
What process is composed of numerous chemical factors interacting to form fibrin, a sticky fiber that forms the basis of a blood clot?
vascular spasms
hemophilia
coagulation
erythropoiesis
erythroblastosis fetalis
Name this molecule.
albumin
hemoglobin
hematocrit
hemophilia
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs?
right atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve
right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve
tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to:
accommodate a greater volume of blood
expand the thoracic cage during diastole
pump blood with greater pressure
pump blood through a smaller valve
Blood is carried to the capillaries of the myocardium by way of:
the coronary sinus
the fossa ovalis
coronary veins
coronary arteries
Which statement best describes arteries?
All carry blood away from the heart.
All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:
arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules
arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
What is letter B?
aorta
superior vena cava
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
inferior vena cava
What occurs at B on the diagram?
atria contract
ventricles contract
atria depolarize
ventricles depolarize
ventricles repolarize
What does letter g represent in the diagram?
vein
artery
capillary
arteriole
venule
What does the letter "A" represent in the diagram?
SA (sinoatrial) valve
AV (atrioventricular) node
AV bundle
bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Systolic pressure measures which of the following?
atrial contraction
atrial relaxation
ventricular contraction
ventricular relaxation
Which blood type is known as the universal recipient?
AB+
AB-
O+
O-
A sickle cell carrier has resistance to which disease?
hemophilia
malaria
cystic fibrosis
sickle cell disease
What does the letter "n" represent in the diagram?
pulmonary semilunar valve
bicuspid valve
tricuspid valve
aortic semilunar valve
Clusters of tiny air sacs that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
pharynx
alveoli
diaphragm
lungs
The moving of air in and out of the lungs is called...
external respiration
pulmonary ventilation
cellular respiration
internal respiration
transport
Muscular structure that helps to expand and contract the lungs, forcing air in and out
pharynx
alveoli
nasal cavity
diaphragm
Another name for the voice box is...
larynx
pharynx
esophagus
nasopharynx
trachea
The passageway that moistens the air and has hairs to trap dust and particles
nasal cavity
mouth cavity
bronchi
larynx
Which letter represents the larynx?
A
B
C
D
Which letter represents the diaphragm?
H
I
J
K
Which letter represents the trachea?
H
I
J
K
What structure covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing, thereby routing food into the esophagus?
nasopharynx
uvula
epiglottis
pharyngeal tonsil
tongue
When you exhale, air flows through respiratory structures in which sequence?
alveolus, bronchiole, bronchus, larynx, trachea, pharynx, nasal cavity
alveolus, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity
alveolus, bronchus, bronchiole, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity
alveolus, bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity
Which of the following is NOT an organ found in the urinary system?
kidney
ureter
pancreas
urinary bladder
urethra
Urine is transported from the bladder to the outside of the body by the:
ureter
trigone
prostate gland
urethra
collecting duct
What is the function of the respiratory system?
take in oxygen only
remove carbon dioxide
take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
make sugar
The kidney's job is to...
make bile
store urine
filter waste from blood
release urine outside of the body
Inside the kidneys you have millions of filters called...
alveoli
nephrons
capillaries
diaphragm
The liver functions to...
produce bile
store vitamins
detoxify substances
all of these
If the liver were severely damaged, which substance would be difficult to digest?
carbohydrates
lipids
sugars
proteins
nucleic acids
Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract...
from the pharynx to the anus
in the small and large intestines only
in the stomach and small intestine only
in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine
When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called...
absorption
chemical digestion
secretion
mechanical digestion
The function of goblet cells is to:
absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use
produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral
provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food
Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
pharynx, mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Protein digestion begins in the:
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the:
duodenum
jejunum
ileocecal valve
ileum
large intestine
The primary function of the small intestine is:
absorption of nutrients
absorption of water
waste secretion
vitamin conversion
mineral secretion
Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine?
cecum
appendix
duodenum
colon
rectum
What organ is responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces?
stomach
large intestine
small intestine
pancreas
liver
The accessory digestive organ that produces enzymes that break down all food groups is the:
liver
gallbladder
salivary glands
pancreas
spleen
Where is bile stored?
gallbladder
pancreas
duodenum
stomach
cecum
Which anatomical structure produces the hormone testosterone?
penis
testis
scrotum
prostate gland
seminal vesicles
What anatomical structure is represented by letter "j"?
penis
testicle
scrotum
prostate gland
epididymis
Letter "m" is a structure that stores sperm until ejaculation. What is the name of structure "m"?
penis
testicle
prostate gland
epididymis
bulbourethral gland
Letter "k" secretes a clear, lubricating liquid that neutralizes the urine in the urethra during copulation. What is this structure called?
prostate gland
seminal vesicles
epididymis
bulbourethral gland
Letter "i" represents the womb where the embryo implants and develops. What is the name of this structure?
ovary
uterine tube
vagina
urethra
uterus
The letter "h" represents the organ that manufactures the ovum. What is the name of this organ?
ovary
uterine tube
vagina
uterus
clitoris
The letter "d" represents a tube in the female anatomy. What is the name of this organ?
ovary
uterine tube
vagina
uterus
clitoris
The letter "k" represents a tube in the female anatomy. What substance travels through this tube?
feces
fetus
urine
endometrial layer
ova
The letter "h" represents the organ that manufactures the ovum. That is the name given to the periodic release of this ovum into the uterine tube?
menstruation
ejaculation
ovulation
urination
menarche
Which epithelial tissue is found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as the esophagus?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
transitional
stratified squamous epithelium
