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WorksheetsBiology Final Review
Total questions: 140
Worksheet time: 2hrs 15mins
What organs are in the nervous system?
skin
brain
muscles
heart
What organ is part of the integumentary system?
brain
skin
heart
lungs
Cyclins signal cells to progress through stages of cell replication. Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in...
the formation of haploid cells
transfer of cyclins to other cells
formation of tumors
death of the cell
Farmers spray pesticides on plants to protect plants from being eaten by insects. Some individual insects have a genetic mutation that makes them resistant to the pesticides. Which best describes how only a few resistant individuals resulted in the pesticide becoming ineffective?
the resistant insects change the toxin on the plants, making it safe for others
the resistant insects grow larger and eat less of the plants
the resistant insects eat the contaminated surface and leave the rest for others
the resistant insects are able to survive to reproduce and create a population that is also resistant
What property is shared by cells of all living things?
the cells contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
the cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and a cell wall made of cellulose
the cells have chromosomes that are located inside a membrane-bound nucleus
the cells rely on mitochondria to carry out aerobic cellular respiration
Which organism gets the LEAST energy?
eagle/bird
snakes
rabbits
grass/plants
Which organism has the MOST energy?
eagle/bird
snake
rabbit
grass/plants
Which best explains how the cell cycle is important to the life cycle of a frog?
it enables frogs to produce tadpoles that are clones
it allows frogs to grow, develop, and reproduce
it prevents overproduction of frog offspring
it ensures the best adapted frogs survive and pass on traits to offspring
What organs are part of the digestive system?
heart
skin
brain
intestines/stomach
Which is part of the endocrine system?
brain
muscles
mouth
hormones
When multiple transitional fossils are found in many rock layers, they provide evidence of...
seasonal variation in the diet of the species
gradual change of a species over time
DNA functioning as the genetic material of organisms
an unchanging environment
A segment of DNA is shown. Which is the part labeled X?
nucleotide
phosphate group
hydrogen bond
deoxyribose
What are genes?
DNA
ATP
ABC
DTA
Match the following words with their definitions.
ATP
energy source
osmosis
water moving
adaptations
changes that increase survival
prokaryote
simple organisms
eukaryote
complex organisms
A student conducted an investigation to study phototropism in grasses. The only difference between the control group and the experimental group was the light conditions. The control group was provided full light, while the experimental group was shaded on one side. The diagrams show the average heights and positions of blades of grass in the investigation. (View Image)
Which statement best explains why the grass tips of the experimental group bent toward the light?
Water evaporated faster on the side of the plant having full light.
Light sensors in the grass tips simulated a hormone in the shoot system.
The xylem in the roots system absorbed more nutrients from the shaded side.
The side facing the light has greater chance of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
The energy pyramid shows the energy made available by producers. (View Image)
Base on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?
100 joules
500 joules
1,000 joules
50 joules
Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used the eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions. (View Image)
Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?
The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.
The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.
The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment.
The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. (View Image)
Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 3
Cell 4
The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. (View Image)
Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?
A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.
The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells.
The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.
A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.
A cladogram of five species is shown. Based on the diagram, the ancestral species most likely had -
a vertebral column
a vertebral column and hair
sharp teeth and retractable claws
the ability to purr
Based on the information provided, which two species are most closely related? LOOK CAREFULLY
Northern cricket frog and bullfrog
Northern leopard frog and green treefrog
Northern cricket frog and green treefrog
Northern leopard frog and bullfrog
Based on the diagram, which two populations best represent trophic levels that RECIEVE the LEAST amount the total energy provided to the ecosystem by the grass?
Crickets and sparrows
Toads and spiders
Rabbits and mice
Hognose snakes and owls
When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they divide at accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as -
a tumor
an embryo
a gland
an organ
Based on the diagram, which set of bat species is the least related?
Ptenochirus minor and Megaerops niphanae
Dyacopterus spadiceus and Otopteropus cartilagondus
Haplonycteris fisheri and Ptenochirus jagori
Cynopterus sphinx and Chironax melancephalus
How do the wings of the Gentoo penguin and the legs of the common ostrich provide an advantage in their habitat?
Allows them to find prey
Allows them to escape from predators
Allows them to control their body temperature
Allows them to be camouflaged in their environments
Overfishing is causing the decline of fish populations, such as Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean. Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna are caught faster than they can reproduce. Which statement describes the most likely effect that overfishing will have on this ecosystem?
Overfishing makes the ecosystem more stable by increasing competition for limited resources.
Overfishing decreases the stability of the ecosystem by disrupting food chains.
Overfishing has no effect on ecosystem's stability because it affects one species out of many.
Overfishing increase ecosystem stability by allowing prey populations to overproduce.
The aye-aye lemur is mammal that feeds mostly on insect larvae that live inside trees. When it hears a difference in the echo, it tear open the bark with its teeth until the insect tunnel is exposed. It uses its specialized finger to reach the insect larvae and remove it. Which selective pressure most likely resulted in the the aye-aye lemur's special adaptation?
Limited availability of water
Competing for mates
Large numbers of natural predators
Food sources that are hard to find
Conservation biologists studying cheetah populations have determined that the lack of genetic diversity among the cheetahs is due to genetic drift. Which statement explains the most likely consequence of having a low genetic diversity on the cheetah population?
The chances of a mutation occurring in the cheetah population are decreased, increasing the cheetah survival rate.
The gene pool remains in equilibrium and future generations of cheetah offspring are stronger and better adapted to their environments.
The cheetah population becomes less likely to survive an outbreak of a disease or an environmental change, increasing the chance of species extinction.
Genetic variability is maintained from older cheetah populations that have survived and endured environmental stressors.
The life cycle of a frog is illustrated in the diagram.
Which statement best explains how the cell cycle is important to the life cycle of the frog?
It enables frogs to produce tadpoles that are clones.
It allows frogs to grow, develop, and reproduce.
It prevents overproduction of frog offspring.
It ensures the best adapted frogs survive and pass on traits to offspring.
When the skin comes in contact with an irritant, receptors in the skin send signals to the spinal cord. The signal is then sent to the brain for processing, and the individual begins to scratch the affected area. Which two systems are most likely interacting when a person experiences itching caused by a skin irritant?
Circulatory and excretory
Integumentary and nervous
Digestive and muscular
Respiratory and lymphatic
An illustration of how a particular DNA mutation will most likely affect the polypeptide produced is shown. What type of mutation is illustrated?
Insertion
Translocation
Substitution
Deletion
In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?
Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes
Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells
Differences in the diets of individual cattle
Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas
8 A cellular process is shown. Which statement best describes the significance of this process?
The process allows organisms to grow and heal.
The process produces clones of the parent organism.
The process copies DNA before cell division
The process creates genetic variation in the resulting cells
The giant octopus lays 20,000 to 100,000 fertilized eggs. After hatching, most octopuses become prey to larger marine organisms, and less than 5% will reach adulthood to reproduce. One benefit of the giant octopus laying many eggs is to —
increase the average body size for surviving individuals to avoid predation
decrease competition between different octopus species to maintain resources in the population
increase the chance that more individuals will survive to maintain the population
decrease the likelihood of offspring being consumed by predators
Which of these correctly compliments the following DNA strand during replication: AGGTCA
UCCAGU
TCCAGT
ACCAGU
TGGAGT
In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
Mitosis
G1 phase
G2 phase
S phase
Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, what is fitness?
being able to escape from predators
being among the strongest organisms in a population
being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring
being able to survive long enough to reach an adult age
In cattle the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). The phenotype for each trait is shown in this picture.
What is the probability of cloven hooves in the offspring of parents that are heterozygous for the trait?
25%
50%
75%
100%
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
What is a change in an organism that allows for it to survive in its environment?
homologous
vestigial
variation
adaptation
What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base
phosphate, sulfate, and nitrate
adenine, thymine, and uracil
NUCLEOTIDES ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF...
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
PROTEINS
Reindeer from a rancher in Alaska escape from their pen during an enormous snow storm. After their escape, they mate with wild caribou that are migrating across the land. The offspring of these have traits for short legs and have tame behavior.
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Non-Random Mating
Natural Selection
During a hurricane, a population of beetles almost gets completely wiped out. The only beetles that survived were lucky that they were in their nest at the time of the hurricane and had enough food to survive.
Natural selection
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Non-Random Mating
A chemical spill causes the offspring of ladybugs to have blue dots instead of black dots.
Natural Selection
Genetic Drift
Mutation
Gene Flow
The country of Sweden is known for having people with blonde hair and blue eyes. One day a family moves from Sweden to India where dark hair and dark eyes are very common. A female from Sweden marries a male from India and their offspring now have blonde hair and blue eyed traits.
Natural Selection
Mutation
Non-Random Mating
Gene Flow
In a habitat there are red bugs and green bugs. The birds prefer the taste of the red bugs, so soon there are many green bugs and few red bugs. The green bugs reproduce and make more green bugs and eventually there are no more red bugs
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Gene Flow
Mutation
Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?
osmosis
diffusion
active transport
passive transport
Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
A segment of a DNA strand is shown.
3' AGGTCAGGT 5'
Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?
5' AGGTCAGGT 3'
5' ACCUGAGGU 3'
5' TGGACTGGA 3'
5' TCCAGTCCA 3'
Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?
The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.
The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.
The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.
The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.
An illustration of how a particular DNA mutation will most likely affect the polypeptide produced is shown. What type of mutation is illustrated?
Insertion
Translocation
Substitution
Deletion
What is the purpose of this process this process?
To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division
To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template
To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code
To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.
Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
Which two processes does this diagram most directly model?
Energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules
Synthesis of new molecules and homeostasis
Transport of molecules and energy conversions
Homeostasis and transport of molecules
Plant roots have extensions called root hairs. These root hairs are important in the homeostasis of the plant. Which statement best explains the importance of the root hairs to the stems and leaves of the plant?
root hairs convert minerals into glucose for immediate use by cells
root hairs decrease the need for osmosis and diffusion in vascular tissue
root hairs prevent water loss in leaves through transpiration and gas exchange
root hairs increase the surface area of the roots for nutrient and water absorption
Answer the question.
A
B
C
D
In domesticated dogs, hair type is controlled by two different alleles. The allele for wire hair is (H) and the allele for smooth hair is (h).
What two heterozygous dogs are crossed, what percentage of the offspring is expected to be homozygous for smooth hair?
0%
25%
50%
75%
In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes?
O only
A or B only
A, B, and O only
A, B, AB, or O
Albinism is an autosomal recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?
In Holstein cattle the allele for black hair color (B) is dominant over the allele for red hair color (b), and the allele for polled (P), or lacking horns, is dominant over the allele for having horns (p).
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring of a BbPp x BbPp cross if these alleles sort independently?
16 black/polled
0 black/horned
0 red/polled
0 red/horned
12 black/polled
0 black/horned
0 red/polled
4 red/horned
4 black/polled
4 black/horned
4 red/polled
4 red/horned
9 black/polled
3 black/horned
3 red/polled
1 red/horned
The four butterflies in the illustrations represent the offspring in the F1 generation.
Which statement is best supported by the phenotypes of these offspring?
The F1 generation is the result of a dihybrid cross.
The F1 generation is composed only of males.
Two of the offspringin the F1 generation will not be able to reproduce.
Which type of active transport is displayed?
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
cell
nucleotide
nucleus
mitochondrion
Choose the sequence of the mRNA strand that would be match up with to the following strand:
GTAGTCA
UATUAGA
ACGACTG
CAUCAGU
CATCAGT
Select the DNA sequence below that demonstrates a subsitution mutation.
Original DNA: AAT - GCC
Mutated DNA:
AAT - GGC - C
Mutated DNA:
AAG- CC
Mutated DNA:
ATT - GCC
AAT - TGC - C
What is the name of the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA?
Photosynthesis
Protein Synthesis
Translation
Transcription
Which process is shown?
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Photosynthesis
What part of the plant responds positively to gravity?
roots
xylem
leaves
Venus Flytrap flower reacts to a bug.
Thermotropism
Negative Geotropism
Thigmotropism
Hydrotropism
Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of sponges and mushrooms?
A
B
C
D
E
Bacteria is an example of this
Fungi is an example of this
Has Nucleus
No Nucleus
Can be both Unicellular or Multicellular
Always has Cell Wall
Always Unicellular
Some has Cell Walls, and other do not have cell walls
Which type of evolution is characterized by the interaction and mutual influence of two species on each other's evolution?
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution
Coevolution
Parallel Evolution
Which type of evolution is demonstrated by the development of different species from a common ancestor due to different environmental pressures?
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution
Coevolution
Parallel Evolution
What type of evolution is described by the sudden appearance of new species followed by long periods of little change?
Gradualism
Punctuated Equilibrium
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evolution
Which type of evolution is exemplified by the development of similar traits in species of different lineages due to similar environmental challenges?
Divergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Parallel Evolution
Coevolution
What is the term for the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor?
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evolution
Coevolution
Gradualism
Which type of evolution involves the accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time?
Punctuated Equilibrium
Gradualism
Adaptive Radiation
Artificial Selection
What type of evolution occurs when two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time?
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution
Coevolution
Parallel Evolution
Which traits were selected for in whale ancestors?
Traits that helped them walk on land
Traits that helped them move in water
Traits that helped them give birth
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as
speciation
punctuated equilibrium
gradualism
microevolution
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs in periods of rapid change separated by periods of little or no change is called
divergence
gradualism
punctuated equilibrium
isolation
By far, the largest group(total numbers) of plants are the?
angiosperms (flowering plants)
gymnosperms(cone bearing)
vascular seedless plants
non-vascular plants
The waxy waterproof layer on the leaves and some stems of plants is called the _________________.
root
stomata
petal
cuticle
The tiny opening on the plant that lets air in and holds water in is called the ___________________.
guard cell
stomata
petal
cuticle
Growth of plant towards or away from gravity
gravitropism
phototropism
thigmotropism
