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Earth Science Regents Review - Content Memorization Questions

Total questions: 144

Worksheet time: 3hrs 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A Foucault pendulum appears to change its directions of swing because Earth
a)
is tilted on its axis
b)
is spinning on its axis
c)
has a curved surface
d)
has a density of 5.5 g/cm3
2.
The modern heliocentric model of planetary motion states that the planets travel around
a)
the Sun in slightly elliptical orbits
b)
the Sun in circular orbits
c)
Earth is slightly elliptical orbits
d)
Earth in circular orbits
3.
Which soil characteristic allows greater amounts of water retention?
a)
large-size particles
b)
small-size particles
c)
high-density particles
d)
low-density particles
4.
A paved blacktop parking lot was built on what was once a soil-covered field. The area will now experience increased runoff when rain occurs because the parking lot has
a)
less capillarity
b)
greater infiltration
c)
greater porosity
d)
less permeability
5.
Which processes of the water cycle return watervapor directly to the atmosphere?
a)
evpaoration and transpiration
b)
infiltration and capillarity
c)
freezing and precipitation
d)
water retention and runoff
6.
Evidence supports the idea that increases in carbon dioxide and methane in Earth’s atmosphere are major contributors to global warming. This is based primarily on the fact that carbon dioxide and methane are excellent absorbers of
a)
gamma rays
b)
visible light
c)
infrared radiation
d)
microwaves
7.
Which agent of erosion most likely formed the drumlins and finger lakes in New York State?
a)
running water
b)
moving ice
c)
wave action
d)
mass movement
8.
What caused the interior of Earth to separate into layers?
a)
a decrease in the rate of rotation of Earth
b)
the gravitational pull on materials of varying densities
c)
variations in heating by the Sun due to Earth’s tilt
d)
collisions with meteors and comets
9.
Which motion causes the constellation Orion to be visible at midnight from New York State in winter but not in summer?
a)
rotation of Earth
b)
rotation of Orion
c)
revolution of Earth
d)
revolution of Orion
10.
Which event temporarily slows or reverses surface ocean currents in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean, causing a disruption of normal weather patterns?
a)
tsunami
b)
El Niño
c)
volcanic eruption
d)
deforestation
11.
Cloud formation is likely to occur in rising airbecause rising air
a)
expands and cools
b)
expands and warms
c)
contracts and warms
d)
contracts and cools
12.
An INTRUSIVE igneous rock with large crystals is formed:
a)
When magma cools quickly. 
b)
At the bottom of the ocean. 
c)
When magma cools slowly, allowing time for crystals to grow. 
d)
At the top of a mountain. 
13.
Which will most likely form when movement along a plate boundary forces a landmass to be pulled apart? 
a)
volcanic island arc
b)
continental mountains
c)
continental rift
d)
oceanic trench 
14.
Which natural phenomenon occurs as a result of Earth rotating on its axis?
a)
movement of tectonic plates
b)
deep ocean currents
c)
seasonal changes
d)
day and night 
15.
What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?
a)
trench
b)
ocean ridge
c)
Volcanic Island Arc
d)
Continental Volcanic Arc
16.
The major greenhouse gas(es)
a)
carbon dioxide and water vapor
b)
aerosols/CFC's
c)
manure
d)
sulfur dioxide
17.
Which statement best explains why stars viewed from the Northern Hemisphere appear to revolve around Polaris?
a)
Polaris rotates on its axis
b)
Earth rotates on its axis.
c)
 Polaris revolves around Earth.
d)
Earth revolves around Polaris.
18.
The hydrosphere covers approximately what percentage of Earth’s lithosphere?
a)
100%
b)
70%
c)
50% 
d)
25% 
19.
The deflection of prevailing winds and ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere is called
a)
eccentricity
b)
refraction 
c)
 the Coriolis effect
d)
 the Doppler effect
20.
Earth’s rate of revolution is approximately
a)
1° per day
b)
15° per day
c)
23.5° per day
d)
360° per day
21.
The map shows a stream. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on the stream surface. Arrows represent the direction of stream flow.  Which two locations have the greatest stream velocities?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
D and A
22.
What would most likely reduce the amount of runoff at location B?
a)
infiltration occurring faster than precipitation
b)
greater condensation than evaporation
c)
saturated soil below the land surface
d)
a frozen land surface
23.
The downward movement of water from location A will usually be greatest when the soil is
a)
nonporous and the particles are uniformly small in size
b)
nonporous and the particles are uniformly large in size
c)
porous and the particles are uniformly small in size
d)
porous and the particles are uniformly large in size
24.
The greatest amount of transpiration and evaporation will occur most likely when the air temperature is
a)
low and the humidity is low
b)
low and the humidity is high
c)
high and the humidity is low
d)
high and the humidity is high
25.
Where do deltas form?
a)
in desert areas
b)
on the banks of rivers
c)
at river mouths
d)
in valleys formed by glaciers
26.
In sea-floor spreading the newest rock is found
a)
mid-ocean ridge
b)
trench
c)
abyssal plain
27.
In which of these general areas would you expect sinkholes to occur? 
a)
Divergent tectonic plate boundaries such as mid-ocean ridges and continental rifts 
b)
Anywhere there are slopes 
c)
Areas with limestone formations and water flowing underground 
d)
Near tectonic plate boundaries involving subduction, such as the Pacific’s Ring of Fire
28.
What kind of tide is being experience here?
a)
Neap high tide
b)
Neap low tide
c)
Spring high tide
d)
Spring low tide
29.
Which location is most likely experiencing the greatest wind speeds? 
a)
Location A
b)
Location B
c)
Location C
d)
Location D
30.
A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory and the expansion of the universe is the observation of wavelengths of stars in distant galaxies show a
a)
red shift and are moving away
b)
red shift and moving towards
c)
blue shift and moving away
d)
blue shift and moving towards
31.
Which motion occurs at a rate of approximately
one degree per day?
a)
the Moon revolving around Earth
b)
 the Moon rotating on its axis
c)
Earth revolving around the Sun
d)
Earth rotating on its axis
32.
If the tilt of Earth’s axis were increased from
23.5° to 30°, summers in New York State would
become
a)
cooler, and winters would become cooler
b)
cooler, and winters would become warmer
c)
warmer, and winters would become cooler
d)
warmer, and winters would become warm
33.
Which object in space emits light because it
releases energy produced by nuclear fusion?
a)
Earth’s Moon
b)
Halley’s comet
c)
Venus
d)
Polaris
34.
A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang
theory is the observation that wavelengths of
light from stars in distant galaxies show a
a)
redshift, appearing to be shorter
b)
redshift, appearing to be longer
c)
blueshift, appearing to be shorter
d)
blueshift, appearing to be longer
35.
When snow cover on the land melts, the water
will most likely become surface runoff if the
land surface is
a)
frozen
b)
porous
c)
grass covered
d)
unconsolidated gravel
36.
Which area is the most common source region
for cold, dry air masses that move over New York
State?
a)
North Atlantic Ocean
b)
Gulf of Mexico
c)
central Canada
d)
central Mexico
37.
Earth’s magnetic field has reversed itself several
times during the past. This pattern of magnetic
reversal is best preserved in
a)
metamorphic bedrock in mountain ranges
b)
bedrock with fossils containing radioactive
carbon-14
c)
layers of sedimentary bedrock of the Grand
Canyon
d)
igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust
38.
Scientists infer that oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere
did not exist in large quantities until after
a)
 the first multicellular, soft-bodied marine
organisms appeared on Earth
b)
the initial opening of the Atlantic Ocean
c)
the first sexually reproducing organisms
appeared on Earth
d)
photosynthetic cyanobacteria evolved in
Earth’s oceans
39.
Which statement best supports the inference
that most of Earth’s present-day land surfaces
have, at one time, been covered by water?
a)
Volcanic eruptions contain large amounts of
water vapor.
b)
Coral reefs formed, in the past, along the
edges of many continents.
c)
Seafloor spreading has pulled landmasses
apart and pushed them together.
d)
Sedimentary bedrock of marine origin covers
large areas of Earth’s continents.
40.
The same side of the Moon always faces Earth because the Moon’s period of revolution
a)
is longer than the Moon’s period of rotation
b)
equals the Moon’s period of rotation
c)
is longer than Earth’s period of rotation
d)
equals Earth’s period of rotation
41.
The mantle of Earth is made partly of magma. When magma rises and sinks, this is called ______________. 
a)
a conduction current
b)
a hot spot
c)
a volcanic eruption
d)
a convection current
42.
A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang
theory is the observation that wavelengths of
light from stars in distant galaxies show a
a)
redshift, appearing to be shorter
b)
redshift, appearing to be longer
c)
blueshift, appearing to be shorter
d)
blueshift, appearing to be longer
43.

Which list correctly identifies the energy transfer between A, B and C

a)

A- Conduction, B-Convection, C-Ratiation

b)

A- Convection, B- Radiation, C- Conduction

c)

A- Convection, B- Conduction, C- Radiation

d)

A- Conduction, B- Radiation, C- Convection

44.
Which moon phase is when you can't see the moon at all?
a)
Waning crescent
b)
Full moon
c)
Waxing gibbous
d)
New moon
45.
Name the phase of the moon for letter c
a)
New Moon
b)
Full Moon
c)
Waxing Crescent
d)
Waning Crescent
46.

The deflection of Earth’s planetary winds is an example of

a)

The Coriolis effect

b)

The Doppler effect

c)

Convection

d)

Gravitational pull

47.

The universe is approximately 13.8 bison years old compared to the age of the solar system, the age of the universe is approximately

a)

The same age as the solar system

b)

Two times older than the solar system

c)

Three times the solar system

d)

Four times the solar system

48.

Which inference can be made about the comet’s orbit, when it is compared to Earth’s orbit ?

a)

Earth’s orbit and the comet’s orbit have the same distance between foci.

b)

Earth’s orbit has a greater distance between foci than the comet’s orbit.

c)

The comet’s orbit has one focus, while Earth’ orbit has two foci

d)

The comet’s orbit has a greater distance between foci than Earth’s orbit.

49.

Which gas is considered a major greenhouse gas?

a)

Methane

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Oxygen

d)

Nitrogen

50.

Most of the sand that makes up the sandstone found in New York State was orginally deposited in which type of layers?

a)

Titled

b)

Horizontal

c)

Faulted

d)

Folded

51.
Caves being formed by acid rain dissolving underground limestone
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
52.
Water getting into cracks, freezing, and breaking the rocks or pavement apart
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
53.
In which type of climate would weathering happen the fastest to a rock?
a)
wet and warm
b)
dry and cold
c)
wet and cold
d)
dry and warm
54.
The Foucault pendulum and the Coriolis effect
both provide evidence of Earth’s:
a)
Revolution
b)
Rotation
c)
Tilted axis
d)
Elliptical Orbit
55.
Light from distant galaxies most likely shows a
a)
red shift, indicating that the universe is
expanding
b)
red shift, indicating that the universe is
contracting
c)
blue shift, indicating that the universe is
expanding
d)
blue shift, indicating that the universe is
contracting
56.
Which gas is inferred to have been absent from
Earth’s atmosphere during the Early Archean Era?
a)
carbon dioxide
b)
nitrogen
c)
oxygen
d)
water vapor
57.
Which weather instrument is most useful in
measuring relative humidity?
a)
barometer
b)
anemometer
c)
psychrometer
d)
wind vane
58.
Equal areas of which type of Earth surface will
absorb more insolation and radiate more energy
back toward space in the same amount of time?
a)
light colored and rough
b)
dark colored and rough
c)
light colored and smooth
d)
dark colored and smooth
59.
Most scientists infer that increasing levels of
carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere are
contributing to
a)
decreased thickness of the troposphere
b)
 depletion of ozone
c)
increased absorption of ultraviolet radiation
d)
increased global temperatures
60.
A volcanic ash layer between sedimentary rock
layers is used by geologists to
a)
determine Earth’s absolute age
b)
predict global warming
c)
locate an earthquake epicenter
d)
correlate widely separated rock formations
61.
Which evidence recorded at seismic stations
following an earthquake supports the inference
that Earth’s interior changes from solid rock to
molten iron and nickel at the mantle-core
boundary?
a)
P-waves arrive earlier than S-waves.
b)
P-waves and S-waves are both recorded at all
stations.
c)
Only S-waves are recorded at all stations.
d)
Only P-waves are recorded on the opposite
side of Earth.
62.

The photograph below shows the results of a landslide

The landslide is an example of

a)

wave action

b)

wind action

c)

mass movement

d)

glacial deposition

63.

Which cross section correctly represents a cold front and the air-mass movements associated with this front?

a)
b)
c)
d)
64.

The magnitude of an earthquake is a number that represents the

a)

arrival time of the first p-wave

b)

difference in arrival time between p-wave and s-wave

c)

distance to the epicenter

d)

energy released by an Earthquake

65.

The map below shows a portion of the coast of Texas. Letter X indicates features formed by wave action.

What is the name of the features indicated by letter X?

a)

barrier island

b)

arc island

c)

deltas

d)

moraines

66.
The best evidence that Earth rotates on its axis is the changing
a)
phases of the Moon
b)
altitude of the noontime Sun from day to day
c)
apparent path of a Foucault pendulum
d)
velocity of Earth in its orbit
67.
The curving of the planetary winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere is evidence of
a)
the Coriolis effect
b)
high- and low-pressure belts
c)
Earth�s revolution
d)
the tilt of Earth�s axis
68.
What is the color and type of rock that forms oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges?
a)
light colored and igneous
b)
light colored and sedimentary
c)
dark colored and igneous
d)
dark colored and sedimentary
69.
Which force was mostly responsible for the contraction of the gas cloud that became our Solar System?
a)
Friction
b)
Gravity
c)
Magnetism
d)
inertia
70.
Which process was occurring during some of these stages that resulted in the formation of heavier elements from lighter elements?
a)
Conduction
b)
Radioactive Decay
c)
Convection
d)
Nuclear Fusion
71.
Which celestial object is shown in the photograph near the center of the star trails?
a)
The Sun
b)
Polaris
c)
Sirius
d)
The Moon
72.

The average temperature at Earth's North Pole is colder than the average temperature at the Equator because the Equator

a)

receives less ultraviolet radiation

b)

receives more intense insolation

c)

has more cloud cover

d)

has a thicker atmosphere

73.

A city located on the coast of North America has warmer winters and cooler summers than a city at the same elevation and latitude located near the center of North America. Which statement best explains the difference between the cities' climates?

a)

Ocean surfaces change temperature more slowly than land surfaces.

b)

Warm, moist air rises when it meets cool, dry air.

c)

Wind speeds are usually greater over land surfaces than over ocean surfaces.

d)

Ocean surfaces have a lower specific heat than land surfaces.

74.

The station model shows several weather variables recorded at a particular location. What was the most likely dewpoint at this location?

a)

32º F

b)

40º F

c)

61º F

d)

70º F

75.

The diagram shows how prevailing winds cause different weather conditions on the windward and leeward sides of a mountain range. Clouds usually form on the windward sides of mountains because this is where air

a)

rises and cools

b)

rises and warms

c)

sinks and cools

d)

sinks and warms

76.

The prevailing southwesterlies wind belt causes most low-pressure weather systems to travel across the United States from the

a)

southwest toward the northeast

b)

northwest toward the southeast

c)

northeast toward the southwest

d)

southeast toward the northwest

77.

A psychrometer is used to determine which weather variables?

a)

wind speed and wind direction

b)

percentage of cloud cover and cloud height

c)

air pressure and air temperature

d)

relative humidity and dewpoint

78.

The incomplete flowchart below shows some of the changes that occur in warm air as it rises to form a cloud. Which statement should be placed in the empty box to accurately complete the flowchart?

a)

The air warms as it expands.

b)

The air cools until it reaches the dewpoint.

c)

The air's relative humidity decreases to zero.

d)

The air enters the thermosphere.

79.

Compared to an inland location, a location on an ocean shore at the same elevation and latitude is likely to have

a)

cooler winters and cooler summers

b)

cooler winters and warmer summers

c)

warmer winters and warmer summers

d)

warmer winters and cooler summers

80.

The cross section below shows a weather front. 35. The large arrow shows the direction of the movement of the cool air mass. Which type of weather front is shown?

a)

warm front

b)

cold front

c)

occluded front

d)

stationary front

81.

In the United States, most tornadoes are classified as intense

a)

low-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwise

b)

low-pressure funnel clouds that spin counter-clockwise

c)

high-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwise

d)

high-pressure funnel clouds that spin counterclockwise

82.

The arrows on which map show the most likely path in which these two pressure centers will move over the next few days?

a)
b)
c)
d)
83.

The arrows on which map best show the pattern of surface winds around these two pressure centers?

a)
b)
c)
d)
84.

Which weather information shown at station B was measured with an anemometer and weather vane?

a)

34

b)
c)
d)

138

85.

Evidence supports the idea that increases in carbon dioxide and methane in Earth’s atmosphere are major contributors to global warming. This is based primarily on the fact that carbon dioxide and methane are excellent absorbers of

a)

gamma rays

b)

microwaves

c)

visible light

d)

infrared radiations

86.

The map shows a portion of the western United States and Canada. Two cities in Canada, Vancouver and Winnipeg, are labeled on the map. Which graph best represents the average monthly air temperatures for Vancouver and Winnipeg?

a)
b)
c)
d)
87.

Which event is an example of chemical weathering?

a)

rocks falling off the face of a steep cliff

b)

feldspar in granite being crushed into clay-sized particles

c)

water freezing in cracks in a roadside outcrop

d)

acid rain reacting with limestone bedrock

88.

The amount of chemical weathering will increase if

a)

air temperature decreases and precipitation decreases

b)

air temperature increases and precipitation decreases

c)

air temperature decreases and precipitation increases

d)

air temperature increases and precipitation increases

89.

The cross section below shows sedimentary bedrock layers A, B, C, and D exposed at Earth’s surface. Which layer appears to be the least resistant to weathering?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

90.

The accompanying diagram shows granite bedrock with cracks. Water has seeped into the cracks and frozen. The arrows represent the directions in which the cracks have widened due to weathering. Which statement best describes the physical weathering shown by the diagram?

a)

Enlargement of the cracks occurs because water expands when it freezes.

b)

This type of weathering occurs only in bedrock composed of granite.

c)

The cracks become wider because of chemical reactions between water and the rock.

d)

This type of weathering is common in regions of primarily warm and humid climates.

91.

Which factor has the most influence on the development of soil?

a)

climate

b)

longitude

c)

amount of eroded sediment

d)

slope of the landscape

92.

A landscape region that has broad, U-shaped valleys with polished and grooved bedrock was most likely formed by

a)

running water

b)

glaciers

c)

wind

d)

wave action

93.

Which climactic conditions normally produce the greatest chemical weathering?

a)

cool and dry

b)

cool and wet

c)

warm and dry

d)

warm and wet

94.

Which agent of erosion is most likely responsible for the deposition of sandbars along ocean shorelines?

a)

glaciers

b)

mass movement

c)

wave action

d)

wind action

95.

The diagram below shows a section of a meander in a stream. The arrows show the direction of stream flow. The streambank on the outside of this meander is steeper than the streambank on the inside of this meander because the water on the outside of this meander is moving

a)

slower, causing deposition

b)

slower, causing erosion

c)

faster, causing depostion

d)

faster, causing erosion

96.

Unsorted piles of angular sediments were most likely transported and deposited by

a)

wind

b)

glaciers

c)

running water

d)

wave action

97.

Which diagram represents a side view of a sand dune most commonly formed because of the prevailing wind direction shown?

a)
b)
c)
d)
98.

Which cross section best represents the valley shape where a rapidly flowing stream is cutting into the bedrock in a mountainous area?

a)
b)
c)
d)
99.

The block diagram above represents a rapid downslope flow of saturated soil and rock layers. What are two likely causes of this rapid downslope flow?

a)

groundwater and abrasion

b)

groundwater and gravity

c)

prevailing wind and gravity

d)

prevailing wind and abrasion

100.

The landscape feature labeled X is best described as

a)

a flood plain

b)

a sand bar

c)

a delta

d)

an escarpment

101.

When two meanders meet, and the river is redirected, the resulting formation is called

a)

an oxbow lake

b)

a drumlin

c)

a delta

d)

an outwash plain

102.

Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action?

a)

a dry climate in which temperatures remain below freezing

b)

a dry climate in which temperatures alternate from below freezing to above freezing

c)

a wet climate in which temperatures remain below freezing

d)

a wet climate in which temperatures alternate from below freezing to above freezing

103.

A decrease in a river’s velocity will most likely result in more

a)

erosion by the river

b)

deposition by the river

c)

large particles being carried by the river

d)

dissolved material being picked up by the river

104.

After a heavy rainstorm, vegetation on a hillslope was completely removed. How will this removal of vegetation affect the relative amounts of infiltration and runoff that occur during the next heavy rainstorm?

a)

Infiltration and runoff will both be less.

b)

Infiltration and runoff will both be greater.

c)

Infiltration will be less and runoff will be greater.

d)

Infiltration will be greater and runoff will be less.

105.

The block diagram represents a landscape where caverns and sinkholes have gradually developed over a long period of time. Which type of weathering was primarily responsible for the development of these caves?

a)

physical weathering of sandstone

b)

physical weathering of limestone

c)

chemical weathering of standstone

d)

chemical weathering of limestone

106.

Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because

a)

Light reflects from crystal surfaces

b)

Energy is released during crystallization

c)

Of impurities that produce surface variations

d)

The internal arrangement of atom

107.

Which sample best shows the physical properties normally associated with the slow cooling of magma?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

108.

Rocks can be classified as sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic based primarily upon differences in their

a)

color

b)

density

c)

age

d)

origin

109.

Which of the following is not a requirement for an object to be classified as a mineral?

a)

it must break along even patterns

b)

it must have a definite chemical composition

c)

it must occur naturally

d)

it must be solid

110.

Compared to land surface temperature changes, water surface temperatures changes occur

a)

More slowly because water has a lower specific heat

b)

More slowly because water has a higher specific heat

c)

Faster because water has a lower specific heat

d)

Faster because water has a higher specific heat

111.

The hydrosphere covers approximately what percentage of Earth’s lithosphere?

a)

100%

b)

50%

c)

70%

d)

25%

112.

Which conditions on Earth’s surface will allow for the greatest amount of water to seep into the ground?

a)

gentle slope and permeable

b)

gentle slope and impermeable

c)

steep slope and permeable

d)

steep slope and impermeable

113.

An increase in the transparency of Earth’s atmosphere is often caused by

a)

a decrease in cloud cover

b)

a decrease in solar radiation

c)

an increase in airborne dust

d)

an increase in the duration of insolation

114.

Earth’s early atmosphere contained carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, water vapor, methane, and ammonia. These gases were present in the atmosphere primarily because

a)

radioactive decay products produced in Earth’s core were released from Earth’s surface

b)

evolving Earth life-forms produced these gases through their activity

c)

Earth’s growing gravitational field attracted these gases from space

d)

volcanic eruptions on Earth’s surface released these gases from the interior

115.

The diagram above represents Earth and the Sun’s incoming rays. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on Earth’s surface. Which two locations are receiving the same intensity of insolation?

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

D and B

116.

In which atmospheric temperature zone does most precipitation occur?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Thermosphere

c)

Stratosphere

d)

Mesosphere

117.

Which processes of the water cycle return water vapor directly to the atmosphere?

a)

evaporation and transpiration

b)

infiltration and capillarity

c)

freezing and precipitation

d)

water retention and runoff

118.

Which transfer of energy occurs mainly through the process of convection?

a)

electromagnetic energy transferred from the Sun to the Moon

b)

solar energy transferred through space to Earth's surface

c)

heated air in the lower atmosphere transferred upward by density differences

d)

heat from radioactive decay transferred by molecular collisions to surrounding mantle rock

119.

Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere. Which type of radiation from Earth is the long-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse gases?

a)

ultraviolet

b)

infrared

c)

visible light

d)

radio waves

120.

The diagram above shows four surfaces of equal area that absorb insolation. Which letter represents the surface that most likely absorbs the greatest amount of insolation?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

121.

Scientists categorize layers of the atmosphere primarily based on

a)

the relationship between altitude and temperature.

b)

the amount of water vapor present.

c)

the prevalence of ozone

d)

their effectiveness in generating weather patterns.

122.

If the surface soil is saturated and precipitation increases, there will be

a)

a decrease in the amount of groundwater

b)

a decrease in the surface elevation of the lake

c)

a increase in the amount of capillarity

d)

an increase in the amount of runoff

123.

Which force is primarily responsible for the movement of a glacier?

a)

gravity

b)

wind

c)

running water

d)

ground water

124.

A large rock is broken into several smaller pieces. Compared to the rate of weathering of the large rock, the rate of weathering of the smaller pieces is

a)

the same

b)

less

c)

greater

125.

Waves that erode the shore of Lake Ontario are caused primarily by

a)

the rotation of the Earth

b)

differences in temperature of lake water along the shore

c)

winds blowing over the lake surface

d)

the moon's orbit around the Earth

126.

Which is NOT an example of chemical weathering?

a)

The oxidation of a nail left outside for an extended about of time

b)

A tombstone that has had the letters washed away by acid rain

c)

The enlarging of a pothole from cycles of freezing and thawing

d)

An underground cave created from carbonic acid

127.

Why does the Moon and the Sun appear to have the same diameter?

a)

They are both the same size

b)

The Sun is closer so it looks smaller

c)

The Moon is closer to Earth, so it appears bigger

d)

The Moon and Sun are the same distance away from the Earth

128.
Why is the Equator warmest?
a)
Because it is closest to the sun.
b)
Because it receives the most direct sunlight
c)
Because no clouds form here.
d)
Because it is far from the sun
129.

At which point on the Earth's surface can a person see the sun overhead?

a)

D

b)

A

c)

K

d)

G

130.

At which point on the Earth's surface can a person see the sun overhead?

a)

J

b)

C

c)

E

d)

I

131.
Which statement is true about the fossil record?
a)
It is a record of all living things
b)
It shows how our climate has remained the same over time
c)
It provides evidence for history of life on Earth
d)
It does not support the theory of evolution
132.
The best index fossils have which two traits?
a)
widespread geographically, long lifespan
b)
widespread geographically, short lifespan
c)
specific place, long lifespan
d)
specific place, short lifespan
133.
What causes mass movement?
a)
water
b)
wind
c)
gravity
d)
weather
134.

Is this pile of deposition sorted or unsorted?

a)

sorted

b)

unsorted

135.
The diagram below shows a section of a meander in a stream. The arrow shows the direction of stream flow. The stream bank on the outside of this meander is steeper than than the stream bank on the inside of this meander because the water on the outside of the meander is moving
a)
Slower, causing deposition
b)
Faster, causing deposition
c)
Slower, causing erosion
d)
Faster, causing erosion
136.
How do Intrusive Igneous rocks cool?
a)
quickly
b)
slowly
c)
really fast
137.

How do extrusive Igneous rocks cool?

a)

quickly

b)

slowly

138.
Metamorphic rocks are formed by ___.
a)
existing rocks are baked and squeezed by pressure
b)
small pieces of rock are compacted and cemented together
c)
magma or lava cools and hardens
d)
igneous rocks are broken into pieces
139.
the visible expression of a minerals internal arrangement of atoms is called its 
a)
atomic structure
b)
nucleus 
c)
crystalline structure
d)
shape
140.

What determines the physical properties of a mineral?

a)

density of the mineral

b)

composition of the mineral

c)

density of the mineral

d)

atomic structure of the mineral

141.
Which of the following is where one plate slides under another plate and old crust is recycled?
a)
submarine zone
b)
divergence zone
c)
subduction zone
d)
lower zone
142.
S Waves travel through...
a)
Soilds
b)
Liquids
c)
Both
143.
These are the first waves released during an earthquake
a)
S waves
b)
Surface Waves
c)
P waves
144.
These are the secondary, or second waves to be released. They cannot travel through the liquid outer core
a)
S waves
b)
Surface Waves
c)
P waves

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