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WorksheetsTCA 2 Review 22-23
Total questions: 144
Worksheet time: 5hrs 0mins
A cell's chromosomes contain
Genes
Chlorophyll
Sperm
Egg cells
What causes a person to have blue eyes?
Eating foods high in protein at a young age
Eating a lot of carrots
Having a brother and sister with blue eyes
Receiving a gene for blue eyes from each parent
In guinea pigs the gene for black coat color is the dominant gene and the gene for white coat color is the recessive gene.
A guinea pig has a black coat. Which of the following provides the BEST explanation about the guinea pig's parents?
The guinea pig received a recessive gene for white color from one parent and no gene for coat color from the other parent.
The guinea pig received a dominant gene for black coat color from one parent and no gene for coat color from the other parent.
The guinea pig received a dominant gene for black coat color from one parent and a recessive gene from white coat color from the other parent.
The guinea pig received a recessive gene for white coat color from one parent and the recessive gene for white coat color from the other parent.
Two new sea stars can be produced by dividing one sea star in half.
Which type of reproduction is describe above?
Sexual
Cloning
Asexual
External
The physical expression of a trait in an organism is known as the...
Chromosome
Phenotype
Genotype
Double helix
Which natural process results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent?
Complete metamorphosis
Sexual reproduction
Incomplete metamorphosis
Asexual reproduction
The diagram shows the formation of a zygote from an egg and a sperm. Chromosomes carry genetic information.
Which reproduction concept does the diagram show?
All genetic information in a zygote is from one parent.
All genetic information in sperm is from both parents.
Fertilization ensures that traits are inherited from both parents.
Fertilization results in a reduced number of chromosomes.
Student observes kittens have the same color of fur as their mother. Which of these BEST describes why the fur color of the kittens is the same as their mother's?
The mother cat and kittens live in the same environment which caused their fur color to be the same.
The mother cat and the kittens share the same blood type, which contains information for fur color.
The kittens received some genes from their mother, which contain information for fur color.
The kittens received some nutrients from their mother before they were born which caused their fur color to be the same.
This list describes examples of reproduction for several organisms:
Butterflies lay eggs
Whales give birth to live young
A single-celled euglena splits into 2 cells
A single-celled amoeba produces young that are identical to the parent
Which organisms described on the list reproduce sexually?
Euglena and whales
Butterflies and whales
Euglena and Amoeba
Butterflies and amoeba
During which process does genetic material come from two parents?
Asexual reproduction
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Sexual reproduction
having two of the same alleles for the same gene.
homozygous
hetrozygous
protein
chromosome
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
one
two
three
five
One form of a gene is called_______________
a DNA
a Phenotype
a trait
an allele
Genotype refers to the ...
physical expression of the genes
the possible combination of alleles in a gene
whether an allele is dominant or recessive
how an organism will appear
A quality or characteristic of a living thing.
trait
genes
behavior
population
A characteristic that a living thing gets in its lifetime.
acquired traits
inherited traits
genes
population
The passing on of traits and physical features from parents to their offspring.
population
heredity
trait
acquired trait
All the organisms in one group at the same place and time.
trait
genes
heredity
population
A mother dog and her puppy both have curly fur. Which BEST explains this?
In dogs, curly fur is more common than straight fur.
In dogs, curly fur is an acquired trait.
The mother dog acquired curly fur and passed on that trait to her puppy.
The mother dog inherited curly fur and passed on that trait to her puppy.
The different forms of a gene are called
alleles
factors
masks
traits
______________ is the physical appearance of an organism as a result of its genotype.
Genotype
DNA
Phenotype
Dominant
An organism's genotype is its _________________
feather color
stem height
genetic makeup
physical appearance
Traits in a genotype are always seen in the phenotype.
True
False
All characteristics are inherited, but environmental factors can change some of them.
True
False
If a purebred black guinea pig (BB) was crossed with a purebred white (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?
25%
50%
75%
100%
Describe the cells made in meiosis.
4 cells; identical; diploid
4 cells; unique; haploid
2 cells; identical; diploid
2 cells; unique; haploid
What cells in the body do what type of cell division?
all cells undergo both mitosis and meiosis
all cells undergo mitosis; none undergo meiosis
all cells undergo meiosis; none undergo mitosis
most cells undergo mitosis; sex cells undergo meiosis
When making sex cells during meiosis, what happens to PAIRED chromosomes? The paired chromosomes....
separate randomly into separate daughter cells
move together into the daughter cells
are affected by mutations in the same way
join together
What type of cell does mitosis occur in?
sex cell
body cell
germ cell
gamete
If a body cell contains 10 chromosomes and then undergoes normal cell division. How many chromosomes will be contained in a body daughter cell?
2.5
5
10
20
A person has an allele for short height and an allele for tall height. What are the chances that this person will produce a sex cell that contains the allele for tall?
25%
50%
75%
100%
Which of the following answer choices shows heterozygous for brown eyes?
bb
BB
Gg
Bb
Which of the following answer choices shows homozygous dominant for brown eyes?
bb
BB
Gg
Bb
Which of the following answer choices shows homozygous recessive for blue eyes?
bb
BB
Gg
Bb
The cells coming together in fertilization are ___________and the final product is ____________.
diploid; diploid
diploid; haploid
haploid; diploid
haploid; haploid
What is the monomer of proteins?
amino acids
polypeptides
nucleotides
monosaccharides
_______ dictates the function of a protein
Shape
Temperature
pH
Time
If you change the shape of a protein, will it work the same/properly?
Yes
No
This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body
storing genetic information
structure
build or break down molecules
transport things through cell membrane
The structure of proteins can be changed by changing its environmental factors such as temperature or pH.
True
False
Chain of amino acids is called...
Amino Acid
Polypeptide
Monomer
Polymer
Protein
One or more polypeptides precisely twisted, folded, and coiled into a molecule of unique shape
Amino Acid
Polypeptide
Monomer
Polymer
Protein
The amino acid sequence of each polypeptide that determines what three-dimensional shape in turn determines a protein's
Function
Structure
Fate
Limitations
Location
The name of the initial chain of monomers in a protein is called.....
polypeptide
polysaccharide
polyester
polynucleotide
If you change the shape of a protein, will it work the same/properly
YES
NO
Check the boxes which indicate a function of a protein.
fighting off foreign molecules
providing structure to the body
sending signals to cells
movement of body structures
transport of molecules in the body
People who have sickle cell anemia (check all that apply)
have a mutation that causes amino acid #6 in the hemoglobin to be changed.
experience pain, stroke, kidney damage, and breathing problems.
get it from a viral infection that attacks their kidneys.
typically have African, Middle Eastern, Indian, or Mediterranean ancestry.
What is a STEM CELL?
Cells found in the stems of plants.
Cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
Cells that control your genes to be expressed.
Cells that provide nutrients to your blood.
What is the function of red blood cells?
Help to digest your food.
Help you breathe.
Provide nutrients to your organs.
Carry oxygen throughout your body.
What does cell differentiation mean?
Process by which a cell absorbs nutrients.
Process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell.
Process by which a specialized cell becomes a less specialized cell.
Process by which cells enter the cell cycle.
As a fertilized egg divides, the cells differentiate because they...
contain a lipid bilayer
can clump together
metabolize sugars rapidly
have specific genes activated
Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by...
ATP
DNA
Lipids
Sugars
True or False: Environmental factors, such as temperature, can affect gene expression.
True
False
Everything in your body is controlled by....
Chloroplasts
DNA
Cancer
Mitosis
What is the function of nerve cells?
Allow for gas exchange to happen.
Transport oxygen throughout the body.
Control DNA expression.
Transmit electrical signals to different parts of the body.
What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?
Making energy available for building specialized structures
Serving as a template for build specialized proteins
Bonding Amino Acids to form polypeptide chains
Serving as a stored blueprint in the nucleus for building specialized proteins
When gene expression occurs
A gene is mutated with either an insertion or deletion
The gene is removed from the genotype in that cell
The gene is passed on to the daughter cells during mitosis
The gene is activated and used in protein synthesis
In your body, nerve cells and muscle cells all have the same exact DNA. So why do nerve cells look and function differently than muscle cells?
In nerve cells all the genes are expressed.
In muscle cells all the genes are expressed.
In both kinds of cells the same genes are expressed.
In both kinds of cells different genes are being expressed.
Which of these is the correct definition of meiosis?
Dividing the nucleus of a cell
Making enzymes
Making gametes
Making mRNA
What do you call it when cells begin to develop structures & functions that are different from other cells in the organism?
Mitosis
Differentiation
Protein synthesis
Meiosis
Which of these is true of meiosis? Click ALL that apply.
There are four cells at the end
The end cells are identical to the parent cell
The chromosomes will have swapped chunks
The end cells have half as much DNA as the parent
What are gametes?
Organelles that aid in cell division
Polymers that build compounds
Reproductive cells
Chromosomes that carry the same genes
Why do complex organisms (like humans) need to undergo differentiation? Click all that apply.
To be able to grow
To develop different tissues & organs
There are too many jobs for every cell to be able to do all of them
To be able to heal injuries
Which of these is true of genetic diversity? Click all that apply.
Crossing over increases genetic diversity
Genetic diversity causes mutations
Fusing gametes increases genetic diversity
It creates more forms of DNA in a population
All bodily cells have the same DNA. True or False?
True
False
How do different cell types develop?
Each cell has the same DNA, but different genes are expressed which leads to different cell types.
Each cell has type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that type of cell.
What is the purpose of transcription?
Transferring amino acids to the ribosome.
Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence.
Producing a mRNA from information found in the DNA.
How is information for specific traits carried on the DNA molecule?
as the pattern of the phosphate and sugars
as a sequence of bases
depending on how many uracil bases it contains
What is the purpose of the process of translation and where does it occur?
to synthesize amino acids in the nucleus
to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in the ribosome
to replicate the DNA of an organism in the ribosome
Where are proteins made?
nucleus
mitochondria
ribosomes
Which of the following is true about all living things.
The components of DNA are the same for all organisms.
The components of DNA are different for all organisms.
The components of DNA are distinct for all organisms.
DNA holds the code for
lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
sugars
A change in a gene, group of genes or chromosome that results in a change in the proteins
Replication
Mutations
Translation
Transcription
How many chromosomes do human cells have?
46
23
2
44
Bundled up, organized DNA is called a
gene
trait
chromosome
nucleotide
Which of the following nitrogenous bases are paired correctly?
Adenine-guanine
cytosine-thymine
adenine-thymine
guanine-thymine
The 2 exact copies of DNA in a chromosome are called ________.
chromatids
genes
mutations
pathogens
What is number 2 called?
centromere
chromosome
chromatid
homologous chromosomes
From smallest to largest how would genetic information be organized?
genes, cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA
chromosome, cell, gene, DNA, nucleus
DNA, gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell
nucleus, cell, gene, DNA, chromosome
The structure in the image is called a:
Chromosome
Karyotype
Gene
Protein
How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are found in each (body) cell?
46
23
72
10
Which chromosomes are shown in the image?
Sex Chromosomes
Autosomes
Trisomy
Monosomy
Identify the tool in the image:
Karyotype
Gel Electrophoresis
DNA Fingerprint
Gene Analysis
XX
Female
Male
XY
Female
Male
This person's sex is:
Female
Male
This person's sex is:
Female
Male
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Sex Chromosomes:
Pair #23
Determine whether you're male / female
Pairs #1-22
Every chromosome except sex chromosomes
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Autosomes Chromosomes:
Pair #23
Determine whether you're male / female
Pairs #1-22
Every chromosome except sex chromosomes
Monosomy:
Missing 1 chromosome
3 chromosomes (instead of a pair)
Chromosomes are normal
Trisomy:
Missing 1 chromosome
3 chromosomes (instead of a pair)
Chromosomes are normal
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:
Male
Female
No chromosomal abnormalities
Trisomy 21
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:
Male
Female
No chromosomal abnormalities
Trisomy 21
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:
Trisomy 18
Monosomy 18
Monosomy (of sex chromosomes)
Trisomy 21
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:
Male
Female
No chromosomal abnormalities
Trisomy 18
"Organisms that are better adapted to the environment survive to pass traits to their offspring" is the definition of
Natural Selection
Evolution
Selective Breeding
Artificial Selection
There are black and white sheep living on mountains of dark colored rocks. Which sheep has the disadvantageous trait?
black sheep
white sheep
brown sheep
red sheep
What chooses the advantageous trait for a population?
Biomass of food
Parents
Environment
Humans
Choose all statements below that are TRUE.
Sexual Selection is competition for food.
Organisms with greatest fitness survive, reproduce, and pass on traits to the next generation.
Organisms with disadvantageous traits will survive and reproduce.
Organisms with the advantageous traits will survive & reproduce while those that don't will die.
Natural selection acts on heritable tratis
Natural selection is the process of change over time in a population. The only way this can occur is for changes to be made in
heritable traits
acquired traits
evolution
mutations
The process on the right is:
Right: meiosis
Right: cloning
Right: meiosis
Right: mitosis
What is trisomy?
A condition where there is an extra chromosome in the cells
A condition where there is a missing chromosome in the cells
A condition where chromosomes are deleted
A condition where chromosomes are duplicated
Trisomy 21 is commonly known as:
Turner syndrome
Patau syndrome
Down syndrome
Edwards syndrome
