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TCA 2 Review 22-23

Total questions: 144

Worksheet time: 5hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A cell's chromosomes contain

a)

Genes

b)

Chlorophyll

c)

Sperm

d)

Egg cells

2.

What causes a person to have blue eyes?

a)

Eating foods high in protein at a young age

b)

Eating a lot of carrots

c)

Having a brother and sister with blue eyes

d)

Receiving a gene for blue eyes from each parent

3.

In guinea pigs the gene for black coat color is the dominant gene and the gene for white coat color is the recessive gene. 
A guinea pig has a black coat.  Which of the following provides the BEST explanation about the guinea pig's parents?

a)

The guinea pig received a recessive gene for white color from one parent and no gene for coat color from the other parent.

b)

The guinea pig received a dominant gene for black coat color from one parent and no gene for coat color from the other parent.

c)

The guinea pig received a dominant gene for black coat color from one parent and a recessive gene from white coat color from the other parent.

d)

The guinea pig received a recessive gene for white coat color from one parent and the recessive gene for white coat color from the other parent.

4.

Two new sea stars can be produced by dividing one sea star in half.
Which type of reproduction is describe above?

a)

Sexual

b)

Cloning

c)

Asexual

d)

External

5.

The physical expression of a trait in an organism is known as the...

a)

Chromosome

b)

Phenotype

c)

Genotype

d)

Double helix

6.

Which natural process results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent?

a)

Complete metamorphosis

b)

Sexual reproduction

c)

Incomplete metamorphosis

d)

Asexual reproduction

7.

The diagram shows the formation of a zygote from an egg and a sperm.  Chromosomes carry genetic information.
Which reproduction concept does the diagram show?

a)

All genetic information in a zygote is from one parent.

b)

All genetic information in sperm is from both parents.

c)

Fertilization ensures that traits are inherited from both parents.

d)

Fertilization results in a reduced number of chromosomes.

8.

Student observes kittens have the same color of fur as their mother.  Which of these BEST describes why the fur color of the kittens is the same as their mother's?

a)

The mother cat and kittens live in the same environment which caused their fur color to be the same.

b)

The mother cat and the kittens share the same blood type, which contains information for fur color.

c)

The kittens received some genes from their mother, which contain information for fur color.

d)

The kittens received some nutrients from their mother before they were born which caused their fur color to be the same.

9.

This list describes examples of reproduction for several organisms:
Butterflies lay eggs
Whales give birth to live young
A single-celled euglena splits into 2 cells
A single-celled amoeba produces young that are identical to the parent
Which organisms described on the list reproduce sexually?

a)

Euglena and whales

b)

Butterflies and whales

c)

Euglena and Amoeba

d)

Butterflies and amoeba

10.

During which process does genetic material come from two parents?

a)

Asexual reproduction

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Respiration

d)

Sexual reproduction

11.

having two of the same alleles for the same gene.

a)

homozygous

b)

hetrozygous

c)

protein

d)

chromosome

12.

An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?

a)

one

b)

two

c)

three

d)

five

13.

One form of a gene is called_______________

a)

a DNA

b)

a Phenotype

c)

a trait

d)

an allele

14.

Genotype refers to the ...

a)

physical expression of the genes

b)

the possible combination of alleles in a gene

c)

whether an allele is dominant or recessive

d)

how an organism will appear

15.

A quality or characteristic of a living thing.

a)

trait

b)

genes

c)

behavior

d)

population

16.

A characteristic that a living thing gets in its lifetime.

a)

acquired traits

b)

inherited traits

c)

genes

d)

population

17.

The passing on of traits and physical features from parents to their offspring.

a)

population

b)

heredity

c)

trait

d)

acquired trait

18.

All the organisms in one group at the same place and time.

a)

trait

b)

genes

c)

heredity

d)

population

19.

A mother dog and her puppy both have curly fur. Which BEST explains this?

a)

In dogs, curly fur is more common than straight fur.

b)

In dogs, curly fur is an acquired trait.

c)

The mother dog acquired curly fur and passed on that trait to her puppy.

d)

The mother dog inherited curly fur and passed on that trait to her puppy.

20.

The different forms of a gene are called

a)

alleles

b)

factors

c)

masks

d)

traits

21.

______________ is the physical appearance of an organism as a result of its genotype.

a)

Genotype

b)

DNA

c)

Phenotype

d)

Dominant

22.

An organism's genotype is its _________________

a)

feather color

b)

stem height

c)

genetic makeup

d)

physical appearance

23.

Traits in a genotype are always seen in the phenotype.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

All characteristics are inherited, but environmental factors can change some of them.

a)

True

b)

False

25.

If a purebred black guinea pig (BB) was crossed with a purebred white (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

26.

Describe the cells made in meiosis.

a)

4 cells; identical; diploid

b)

4 cells; unique; haploid

c)

2 cells; identical; diploid

d)

2 cells; unique; haploid

27.

What cells in the body do what type of cell division?

a)

all cells undergo both mitosis and meiosis

b)

all cells undergo mitosis; none undergo meiosis

c)

all cells undergo meiosis; none undergo mitosis

d)

most cells undergo mitosis; sex cells undergo meiosis

28.

When making sex cells during meiosis, what happens to PAIRED chromosomes? The paired chromosomes....

a)

separate randomly into separate daughter cells

b)

move together into the daughter cells

c)

are affected by mutations in the same way

d)

join together

29.

What type of cell does mitosis occur in?

a)

sex cell

b)

body cell

c)

germ cell

d)

gamete

30.

If a body cell contains 10 chromosomes and then undergoes normal cell division. How many chromosomes will be contained in a body daughter cell?

a)

2.5

b)

5

c)

10

d)

20

31.

A person has an allele for short height and an allele for tall height. What are the chances that this person will produce a sex cell that contains the allele for tall?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

32.

Which of the following answer choices shows heterozygous for brown eyes?

a)

bb

b)

BB

c)

Gg

d)

Bb

33.

Which of the following answer choices shows homozygous dominant for brown eyes?

a)

bb

b)

BB

c)

Gg

d)

Bb

34.

Which of the following answer choices shows homozygous recessive for blue eyes?

a)

bb

b)

BB

c)

Gg

d)

Bb

35.

The cells coming together in fertilization are ___________and the final product is ____________.

a)

diploid; diploid

b)

diploid; haploid

c)

haploid; diploid

d)

haploid; haploid

36.

What is the monomer of proteins?

a)

amino acids

b)

polypeptides

c)

nucleotides

d)

monosaccharides

37.

_______ dictates the function of a protein

a)

Shape

b)

Temperature

c)

pH

d)

Time

38.

If you change the shape of a protein, will it work the same/properly?

a)

Yes

b)

No

39.

This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body

a)

storing genetic information

b)

structure

c)

build or break down molecules

d)

transport things through cell membrane

40.

The structure of proteins can be changed by changing its environmental factors such as temperature or pH.

a)

True

b)

False

41.

Chain of amino acids is called...

a)

Amino Acid

b)

Polypeptide

c)

Monomer

d)

Polymer

e)

Protein

42.

One or more polypeptides precisely twisted, folded, and coiled into a molecule of unique shape

a)

Amino Acid

b)

Polypeptide

c)

Monomer

d)

Polymer

e)

Protein

43.

The amino acid sequence of each polypeptide that determines what three-dimensional shape in turn determines a protein's

a)

Function

b)

Structure

c)

Fate

d)

Limitations

e)

Location

44.

The name of the initial chain of monomers in a protein is called.....

a)

polypeptide

b)

polysaccharide

c)

polyester

d)

polynucleotide

45.

If you change the shape of a protein, will it work the same/properly

a)

YES

b)

NO

46.

Check the boxes which indicate a function of a protein.

a)

fighting off foreign molecules

b)

providing structure to the body

c)

sending signals to cells

d)

movement of body structures

e)

transport of molecules in the body

47.

People who have sickle cell anemia (check all that apply)

a)

have a mutation that causes amino acid #6 in the hemoglobin to be changed.

b)

experience pain, stroke, kidney damage, and breathing problems.

c)

get it from a viral infection that attacks their kidneys.

d)

typically have African, Middle Eastern, Indian, or Mediterranean ancestry.

48.

What is a STEM CELL?

a)

Cells found in the stems of plants.

b)

Cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

c)

Cells that control your genes to be expressed.

d)

Cells that provide nutrients to your blood.

49.

What is the function of red blood cells?

a)

Help to digest your food.

b)

Help you breathe.

c)

Provide nutrients to your organs.

d)

Carry oxygen throughout your body.

50.

What does cell differentiation mean?

a)

Process by which a cell absorbs nutrients.

b)

Process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell.

c)

Process by which a specialized cell becomes a less specialized cell.

d)

Process by which cells enter the cell cycle.

51.

As a fertilized egg divides, the cells differentiate because they...

a)

contain a lipid bilayer

b)

can clump together

c)

metabolize sugars rapidly

d)

have specific genes activated

52.

Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by...

a)

ATP

b)

DNA

c)

Lipids

d)

Sugars

53.

True or False: Environmental factors, such as temperature, can affect gene expression.

a)

True

b)

False

54.

Everything in your body is controlled by....

a)

Chloroplasts

b)

DNA

c)

Cancer

d)

Mitosis

55.

What is the function of nerve cells?

a)

Allow for gas exchange to happen.

b)

Transport oxygen throughout the body.

c)

Control DNA expression.

d)

Transmit electrical signals to different parts of the body.

56.

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

a)

Making energy available for building specialized structures

b)

Serving as a template for build specialized proteins

c)

Bonding Amino Acids to form polypeptide chains

d)

Serving as a stored blueprint in the nucleus for building specialized proteins

57.

When gene expression occurs

a)

A gene is mutated with either an insertion or deletion

b)

The gene is removed from the genotype in that cell

c)

The gene is passed on to the daughter cells during mitosis

d)

The gene is activated and used in protein synthesis

58.

In your body, nerve cells and muscle cells all have the same exact DNA. So why do nerve cells look and function differently than muscle cells?

a)

In nerve cells all the genes are expressed.

b)

In muscle cells all the genes are expressed.

c)

In both kinds of cells the same genes are expressed.

d)

In both kinds of cells different genes are being expressed.

59.

Which of these is the correct definition of meiosis?

a)

Dividing the nucleus of a cell

b)

Making enzymes

c)

Making gametes

d)

Making mRNA

60.

What do you call it when cells begin to develop structures & functions that are different from other cells in the organism?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Differentiation

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Meiosis

61.

Which of these is true of meiosis? Click ALL that apply.

a)

There are four cells at the end

b)

The end cells are identical to the parent cell

c)

The chromosomes will have swapped chunks

d)

The end cells have half as much DNA as the parent

62.

What are gametes?

a)

Organelles that aid in cell division

b)

Polymers that build compounds

c)

Reproductive cells

d)

Chromosomes that carry the same genes

63.

Why do complex organisms (like humans) need to undergo differentiation? Click all that apply.

a)

To be able to grow

b)

To develop different tissues & organs

c)

There are too many jobs for every cell to be able to do all of them

d)

To be able to heal injuries

64.

Which of these is true of genetic diversity? Click all that apply.

a)

Crossing over increases genetic diversity

b)

Genetic diversity causes mutations

c)

Fusing gametes increases genetic diversity

d)

It creates more forms of DNA in a population

65.
In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?
a)
The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genes
b)
The DNA is the same but different genes are turned on and turned off in each cell
c)
The DNA is different, but the same genes are turned on and off in each cell
d)
The DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes
66.

All bodily cells have the same DNA. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

67.

How do different cell types develop?

a)

Each cell has the same DNA, but different genes are expressed which leads to different cell types.

b)

Each cell has type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that type of cell.

68.

What is the purpose of transcription?

a)

Transferring amino acids to the ribosome.

b)

Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence.

c)

Producing a mRNA from information found in the DNA.

69.

How is information for specific traits carried on the DNA molecule?

a)

as the pattern of the phosphate and sugars

b)

as a sequence of bases

c)

depending on how many uracil bases it contains

70.

What is the purpose of the process of translation and where does it occur?

a)

to synthesize amino acids in the nucleus

b)

to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in the ribosome

c)

to replicate the DNA of an organism in the ribosome

71.

Where are proteins made?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

72.

Which of the following is true about all living things.

a)

The components of DNA are the same for all organisms.

b)

The components of DNA are different for all organisms.

c)

The components of DNA are distinct for all organisms.

73.
Which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
74.
Which of the following is the blueprint for the production of RNA within a cell?
a)
DNA
b)
protein
c)
ATO
d)
carbohydrate
75.
The DNA sequence ATCAGCGCTGGC is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this message?
a)
4
b)
8
c)
12
d)
20
76.
What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?
a)
DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell
b)
Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
d)
A cell is composed of DNA and protein
77.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
78.
The diagram shows the process of
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
d)
Mitosis
79.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
ribosome
c)
cytoplasm
d)
smooth ER
80.
Where does translation take place?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Golgi Body
d)
Cytoplasm
81.
This cannot leave the nucleus
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
82.
Carries the genetic code to the ribosome
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
DNA
83.
Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?
a)
protein synthesis, transcription, translation
b)
protein synthesis, translation, transcription
c)
transcription, translation, protein synthesis
d)
translation, transcription, protein synthesis
84.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
85.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
86.

DNA holds the code for

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

proteins

d)

sugars

87.
DNA has a ______ strand; RNA has a ______ strand.
a)
double/double
b)
double/triple
c)
double/single
d)
single/single
88.

A change in a gene, group of genes or chromosome that results in a change in the proteins

a)

Replication

b)

Mutations

c)

Translation

d)

Transcription

89.

How many chromosomes do human cells have?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

2

d)

44

90.
What is a gene?
a)
A bundle (like a hot dog bun) that the DNA is packed into
b)
something inside the nucleus
c)
a piece of DNA
d)
all of your DNA
91.

Bundled up, organized DNA is called a

a)

gene

b)

trait

c)

chromosome

d)

nucleotide

92.

Which of the following nitrogenous bases are paired correctly?

a)

Adenine-guanine

b)

cytosine-thymine

c)

adenine-thymine

d)

guanine-thymine

93.

The 2 exact copies of DNA in a chromosome are called ________.

a)

chromatids

b)

genes

c)

mutations

d)

pathogens

94.

What is number 2 called?

a)

centromere

b)

chromosome

c)

chromatid

d)

homologous chromosomes

95.
Why are your chromosomes arranged in pairs?
a)
Scientists have no idea
b)
Because you get one from your mom and one from your dad
c)
Because pairs can divide easier
d)
Because DNA is awesome
96.

From smallest to largest how would genetic information be organized?

a)

genes, cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA

b)

chromosome, cell, gene, DNA, nucleus

c)

DNA, gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell

d)

nucleus, cell, gene, DNA, chromosome

97.

The structure in the image is called a:

a)

Chromosome

b)

Karyotype

c)

Gene

d)

Protein

98.

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are found in each (body) cell?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

72

d)

10

99.

Which chromosomes are shown in the image?

a)

Sex Chromosomes

b)

Autosomes

c)

Trisomy

d)

Monosomy

100.

Identify the tool in the image:

a)

Karyotype

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

DNA Fingerprint

d)

Gene Analysis

101.

XX

a)

Female

b)

Male

102.

XY

a)

Female

b)

Male

103.

This person's sex is:

a)

Female

b)

Male

104.

This person's sex is:

a)

Female

b)

Male

105.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Sex Chromosomes:

a)

Pair #23

b)

Determine whether you're male / female

c)

Pairs #1-22

d)

Every chromosome except sex chromosomes

106.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Autosomes Chromosomes:

a)

Pair #23

b)

Determine whether you're male / female

c)

Pairs #1-22

d)

Every chromosome except sex chromosomes

107.

Monosomy:

a)

Missing 1 chromosome

b)

3 chromosomes (instead of a pair)

c)

Chromosomes are normal

108.

Trisomy:

a)

Missing 1 chromosome

b)

3 chromosomes (instead of a pair)

c)

Chromosomes are normal

109.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:

a)

Male

b)

Female

c)

No chromosomal abnormalities

d)

Trisomy 21

110.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:

a)

Male

b)

Female

c)

No chromosomal abnormalities

d)

Trisomy 21

111.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:

a)

Trisomy 18

b)

Monosomy 18

c)

Monosomy (of sex chromosomes)

d)

Trisomy 21

112.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:

a)

Male

b)

Female

c)

No chromosomal abnormalities

d)

Trisomy 18

113.
Flashy tails on many animals is an example of coloration. Why might flashy tailed animals display their colors to another of the same species? 
a)
make friends
b)
help build a nest
c)
attract a mate 
d)
scare predators
114.
A bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high ___________.
a)
IQ
b)
mutation rate
c)
fitness
d)
adaptability
115.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
116.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
117.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
118.

"Organisms that are better adapted to the environment survive to pass traits to their offspring" is the definition of

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Evolution

c)

Selective Breeding

d)

Artificial Selection

119.
Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
a)
evolution
b)
adaptation
c)
fitness
d)
speciation
120.
Different traits within a population
a)
speciation
b)
fitness
c)
natural selection
d)
variation
121.
 The diagram shows a population of ladybugs that changed over 15 years. What is the  likely explanation for this change?
a)
Wings are an advantageous (good) trait.
b)
Black spots are an advantageous (good) trait.
c)
Yellow coloring is an advantageous (good) trait.
d)
Red coloring is an advantageous (good) trait. 
122.
The graph shows how a finch population changed during the past 50 years. What can you infer based on the graph? 
a)
Thin-beaked finches prey on wide-beaked finches.
b)
Wide-beaked finches are better suited for life in an ocean environment.
c)
Thin-beaked finches are better suited to the environment in Burke Lake.
d)
Wide-beaked finches are better suited to the environment in Burke Lake. 
123.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed on to the offspring?
a)
Because parents with those traits can teach their offspring
b)
Because parents with those traits can surive and reproduce better
c)
Because parents with those traits care more about their offspring
124.

There are black and white sheep living on mountains of dark colored rocks. Which sheep has the disadvantageous trait?

a)

black sheep

b)

white sheep

c)

brown sheep

d)

red sheep

125.

What chooses the advantageous trait for a population?

a)

Biomass of food

b)

Parents

c)

Environment

d)

Humans

126.

Choose all statements below that are TRUE.

a)

Sexual Selection is competition for food.

b)

Organisms with greatest fitness survive, reproduce, and pass on traits to the next generation.

c)

Organisms with disadvantageous traits will survive and reproduce.

d)

Organisms with the advantageous traits will survive & reproduce while those that don't will die.

e)

Natural selection acts on heritable tratis

127.

Natural selection is the process of change over time in a population. The only way this can occur is for changes to be made in

a)

heritable traits

b)

acquired traits

c)

evolution

d)

mutations

128.
How many cells are created at the end of Mitosis?
a)
1 diploid cell
b)
2 diploid cells
c)
3 diploid cells
d)
4 diploid cells
129.
Cells of organism must replicate for ?
a)
growth
b)
repair of damaged cells
c)
replacement of dying cells.
d)
All of the above
130.
The cells produced via meiosis are called:
a)
sex cells (gametes)
b)
somatic cells
c)
body cells
d)
skin cells
131.
What is the name of the process in which DNA (genetic information) is exchanged during meiosis?
a)
crossing under
b)
crossing over
c)
melding
d)
blending
132.
The process on the left is:
The process on the right is:
a)
Left: meiosis
Right: meiosis
b)
Left: meiosis
Right: cloning
c)
Left: mitosis
Right: meiosis
d)
Left: mitosis
Right: mitosis
133.
Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
a)
21
b)
23
c)
46
d)
None of the above
134.
The 2 daughter cells at the end of Mitosis have how many chromosomes compared to the original?
a)
Half 
b)
Same 
c)
One-Third 
d)
None 
135.
After meiosis is complete how many cells will there be?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
136.
Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
a)
one haploid gamete
b)
three diploid gametes
c)
four diploid gametes
d)
four haploid gametes
137.
Process that includes two cell divisions.
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
c)
Both Mitosis and Meiosis
138.
Creates VARIETY in living things
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
139.
A cell with 10 chromosomes go through meiosis. What is the end result of the process
a)
4 cells with 10 chromosomes each
b)
2 cells with 10 chromosomes each
c)
4 cells with 5 chromosomes each
d)
2 cells with 5 chromosomes each
140.
Which cellular process is shown?
a)
meiosis
b)
endocytosis
c)
mitosis
d)
cellular respiration
141.
DNA is replicated before the process starts
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
both
142.
Daughter cells are genetically identical
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
both
143.

What is trisomy?

a)

A condition where there is an extra chromosome in the cells

b)

A condition where there is a missing chromosome in the cells

c)

A condition where chromosomes are deleted

d)

A condition where chromosomes are duplicated

144.

Trisomy 21 is commonly known as:

a)

Turner syndrome

b)

Patau syndrome

c)

Down syndrome

d)

Edwards syndrome