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Fall Science Topics Review-W.E.D. Earth Layers, Cont. Drift

Total questions: 146

Worksheet time: 2hrs 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The crust and the uppermost mantle make up the solid layer of hard rock called the

a)

inner core

b)

asthenosphere

c)

lithosphere

d)

outer core

2.

How does temperature change as you move from the crust to the core?

a)

it gets cooler

b)

it gets hotter

c)

it stays the same

d)

the core is frozen

3.
What layer is shown by letter A?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer core
d)
Inner core
4.
What layer is shown by letter B?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer core
d)
Inner core
5.
What layer is shown by letter C?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer core
d)
Inner core
6.
What layer is shown by letter D?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer core
d)
Inner core
7.
What layer is shown by letter B?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer core
d)
Inner core
8.
What layer is shown by letter C?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer core
d)
Inner core
9.
What layer is shown by letter D?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer core
d)
Inner core
10.

What layers work together to create the earth's magnetic field?

a)

the convection currents in the asthenosphere

b)

the lithosphere sliding on the asthenosphere

c)

the Inner core spinning in the outer core

11.

Scientists who study the layers of the Earth are called...

a)

biologists

b)

astrologists

c)

geologists

12.

Which layer of Earth is in the liquid state of matter?

a)

Crust

b)

Inner Core

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Outer Core

13.

Which is the best description of the characteristics of the asthenosphere?

a)

Solid, but flowing

b)

Brittle, but shifting

c)

Hot, but solid metal

14.

According to scientific data, which layer of Earth is the thickest?

a)

Crust

b)

Inner core

c)

Mantle

d)

Outer Core

15.

What layer of the earth is composed of material of the highest density?

a)

Outer core

b)

Inner core

c)

Crust

d)

Mantle

16.

Which of the following models would best represent the inner and outer core of Earth, based on the physical characteristics of each layer?

a)

A metal ball bearing (solid) suspended in oil (liquid).

b)

Gelatin (red semi-solid) on top of a cracker (brittle solid).

c)

A ball of clay (solid) filled with water (liquid).

d)

Rubber ball (flexible solid) painted red (thin solid covering).

17.

The layer of Earth that is found directly below the lithosphere is called the -

a)

Crust

b)

Asthenosphere

c)

Inner core

d)

Outer core

18.

Which of Earth’s layers would be best modeled as a metallic sphere?

a)

Mantle

b)

Outer core

c)

Crust

d)

Inner core

19.

Which of Earth’s layers has the lowest density?

a)

Crust

b)

Inner core

c)

Mantle

d)

Outer core

20.

Which layer of Earth is characterized by rock that is like fudge, solid but can flow ?

a)

asthenosphere

b)

crust

c)

inner core

d)

lithosphere

21.

Temperature _____________________ as you go deeper into the earth.

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

stays the same

22.

Pressure ______________________ as you go deeper into the Earth

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

stays the same

23.

The lithosphere combines what two layers?

a)

Athenosphere & Crust

b)

Crust & Upper Mantle

c)

Mantel & Asthenosphere

24.

Scientists determine what Earth’s interior layers looks like by using:

a)

Convection Currents

b)

Seismic (earthquake) Waves

c)

Continental Drift

25.

Large pieces of lithosphere that move around on the asthenosphere are called

a)

Crust plates

b)

Tectonic plates

c)

Mantle pieces

d)

Core plates

26.

Oceanic crust is _____ than continental crust.

a)

denser

b)

less dense

27.

The ____ is the largest layer of the Earth

a)

inner core

b)

crust

c)

mantle

d)

outer core

28.

The inner and outer core are composed of what two elements?

a)

Iron and Nickel

b)

Iron and Helium

c)

Hydrogen and Helium

29.

What layer is the hottest?

a)

Core

b)

Crust

c)

Mantle

30.

What effect does the spinning of the earth’s core have?

a)

It creates the earth's magnetic field

b)

It creates matter

c)

It creates mass

31.

If the earth’s mantle were completely solid, ______ plates could not move around.

a)

Tectonic

b)

Technical

c)

Titanic

d)

Tidal

32.

Temperature, pressure, and density all______________________ as you go deeper into the Earth

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

stays the same

33.

What are the two kinds of crust that the Earth has?

a)

Oceanic and Crustatious Crust

b)

Oceanic and Continental Crust

c)

Optic and Continental Crust

34.

Which of the following occurs because of convection currents?

a)

Tectonic plates on the crust move.

b)

The mantle increases in size.

c)

Pressure in the crust increases.

d)

Pressure in the crust decreases.

35.
Which is made of granite?
a)
Oceanic crust
b)
Continental crust
36.

Oceanic crust is primarily composed of

a)

Basalt

b)

Granite

37.

Which layer of Earth is broken up into giant moving plates?

a)

Asthenosphere

b)

Inner Core

c)

Outer Core

d)

Lithosphere

38.

The core heats up the mantle like a _________.

a)

stove heats up a pot of soup

b)

electricity goes through a cord

c)

switch turns on a lightbulb

39.

Based on the information in the table, what can you conclude about the density of the Earth’s layers?

a)

The density of the layers decreases as the pressure increases.

b)

The density of the layers increases as the temperature decreases.

c)

The density increases in layers that are closer to the core of the Earth.

d)

The density increases in layers that are closer to the surface of the Earth.

40.

Scientists the figured out the cores must be made of spinning metal because that is the only explanation to how we can have ___________ .

a)

a strong magnetic field

b)

night and day

c)

tides in the ocean

41.

This picture shows

a)

convection currents

b)

hot spots

c)

circular water

42.

Scientists can find evidence of earth's layers from studying__________.

a)

Rocks that may have uplifted or come out of volcanos from the mantle

b)

tree layers

c)

what minerals can combine to make rocks

43.

Our magnetic field protects our planet from________.

a)

solar wind

b)

cosmic rays

c)

the suns deadly rays

d)

all of the answers

44.

The farthest man has drilled down in the earth is the Kola borehole that is _________.

a)

7 1/2 miles deep

b)

77 miles deep

c)

700 miles deep

45.

At the top of a convection current the mantle rock will_____.

a)

start to fall

b)

continue to rise

c)

go up or down depending on the area

46.

Mars used to have layers like our planet because_______.

a)

It had volcanoes-evidence of magma.

b)

It has magnetic rock crystals-a magnetic field must of existed.

c)

It has evidence of water.

d)

All of the answers are evidence

47.

The distance to the center of the earth is like flying from Tulsa, Oklahoma to_____________.

a)

Dallas, Texas about 315miles

b)

London, England about 4,000 miles

c)

New York, NY 1,600 miles

48.

What did Wegener name the large supercontinent where all the continents were joined together?

a)

Wegenerland

b)

Gondwanaland

c)

Laurasia

d)

Pangaea

49.

Most geologists rejected Wegener's idea of Continental Drift because _________.

a)

He used too many pieces of evidence to support the idea.

b)

He wanted to know what Earth looked like millions of years ago, which is impossible.

c)

He couldn't identify "how" continents to move around.

d)

They were afraid of the new idea.

50.

Wegener used the fit of the continents as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

51.

Wegener used matching mountain ranges across different continents as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

52.

Wegener used evidence of glaciers in places now too warm as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

53.

Wegener used matching matching fossils of the same organisms on different continents as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

54.

What were 2 kinds of evidence were used to prove that the seafloor spread?

a)

rock formations, WWII shipwrecks,

b)

magnetic seafloor stripes, WWII ship logs

c)

magnetic seafloor stripes, age of rock samples

55.

What technology was used during WWII to detect enemy submarines and produce the first map of the seafloor?

a)

Sonar

b)

Radiam

c)

GPS

56.

Process by which new ocean crust forms.

a)

Seafloor spreading

b)

Continental drift

c)

Mid-ocean ridge

d)

Rift

57.

The zone where one plate slides under another is called the

a)

Convergent zone

b)

Subduction zone

c)

Transform zone

d)

Mantle zone

58.

Undersea mountain ranges are called a_________.

a)

Rift

b)

Mid-ocean ridge

c)

seafloor spreading

d)

Continental drift

59.

Wegener used matching rock types and ages across different continents as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

60.

Wegener used evidence of convection currents in the mantle as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

61.

The OLDEST seafloor is located?

a)

Closest to the mid-ocean ridge

b)

Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge

62.

Sea-floor spreading begins at the

a)

Deep ocean trench

b)

Mid-ocean ridge

c)

Continent's edge

63.

Older crust is found towards the...

a)

Mid-ocean ridge

b)

Deep-ocean trench

c)

Asthenosphere

64.

Why does oceanic crust (density 3ish) sink below the continental crust (density 2.6ish) during subduction

a)

oceanic crust is less dense

b)

oceanic crust is more dense

c)

oceanic crust is older

d)

oceanic crust is warmer

65.

Wegener's idea of Continental Drift was rejected by geologists because _________.

a)

He used too many pieces of evidence to support the idea.

b)

He wanted to know what Earth looked like millions of years ago, which is impossible.

c)

He couldn't identify how or even why the continents to moved around.

d)

They were afraid of the new idea.

66.

Who came up with the theory of seafloor spreading?

a)

Harry Hess

b)

Alfred Wegner

c)

Mrs. White

67.

Who is the person credited with developing the theory of continental drift?

a)

Harry Hess

b)

Albert Einstein

c)

Alfred Wegener

d)

Isaac Newton

68.

What are the two types of crust?

a)

continental and oceanic

b)

ocean and basin

c)

lower and upper

d)

thick and thin

69.

Younger sea floor crust is located...

a)

farther from the mid-ocean ridges

b)

at the mid ocean ridges

c)

near the continents

70.

What causes the crust to move?

a)

convection currents

b)

conduction

c)

tension

d)

radiation

71.

Why were magnetic patterns found on the ocean floor puzzling?

a)

They showed alternating bands of rock crystals pointing north and south.

b)

No rocks were magnetic.

c)

They did not show alternating bands of rock crystals pointing north and south.

d)

All rocks were magnetic.

72.
What is label G
a)
Trench
b)
Mid ocean ridge
c)
abyssal plain
d)
sea mount
73.

What are Mid-Ocean Ridges?

a)

A chain of underwater waterfalls

b)

A chain of underwater mountains where the magma oozes out.

c)

A chain of underwater rocks

74.

Which is NOT evidence of sea-floor spreading?

a)

Molten magma constantly erupting

b)

Drilling samples of rock

c)

Magnetic stripes

d)

Fossil evidence

75.

What is label D

a)

Trench

b)

Mid ocean ridge

c)

abyssal plain

d)

sea mount

76.

How long did it take the continents to move into their current position?

a)

Hundreds of years

b)

Thousands of years

c)

Almost a million years

d)

Hundreds of millions of years

77.

What do you call the evidence of Wegener's Theory that tells about the remains of an organism that lived long time ago?

a)

ashes

b)

follicles

c)

bones

d)

fossils

78.

What causes continents to move?

a)

seafloor spreading

b)

convection currents swirling

c)

magma oozing out of a mid ocean ridge

d)

all of the above

79.

True or False: Our continents will eventually become a supercontinent (like Pangaea) again, far in the future

a)

False

b)

True

80.

What is the rate at which the Atlantic Ocean is expanding?

a)

5-10 cm per year- like how our fingernails grow

b)

5-10 feet per year

c)

5-10 km per year

81.

True or False: The plates will never stop moving

a)

True

b)

False

82.

Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of Continental Drift in the early 20th century. Why did scientists refuse to believe him?

a)

He was not a REAL scientist

b)

He could not explain HOW the plates moved

c)

Scientists did not think his evidence was real

83.

Which layer of Earth contains the tectonic plates?

a)

crust and the uppermost mantle

b)

lower and middle mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

84.

What is this image trying to show?

a)

How the shape of the continents match

b)

Rock evidence showing that the continents were connected

c)

Fossil evidence suggesting that the continents were connected

85.

The force in the MANTLE that makes the plate move is called _________

a)

Convection currents

b)

conduction

c)

condensation

86.

During WWII the navy mapped the ocean floor with _______.

a)

a robotic rover

b)

radiation evidence

c)

SONAR waves

87.
Where would the oldest rock be found?
a)
L
b)
M
c)
N
d)
O
88.

The average density of continental crust is 2.8 g/cm3 and the average density of oceanic crusts is 3.2 g/cm3. If these two plates came together, what would happen?

a)

The two plates would push apart and form a rift zone.

b)

The oceanic plate would rise up over the continental plate.

c)

The oceanic plate would sink under the continental plate.

d)

The two plates would meet head on and rise up to form mountains.

89.

Seafloor spreading...

a)

creates new oceanic crust

b)

destroys or recycles crust

c)

creates new continental crust

d)

creates old crust

90.
This is a picture of glacier scars found in Africa.  What are these evidence for?
a)
Africa has always been near the equator
b)
Africa was once in an area of the Earth that had a very cold climate
c)
The continents have not moved
d)
sea floor spreading
91.

The Glomar Challenger_____

a)

is a space shuttle

b)

is an oil rig

c)

has been drilling seafloor samples for over 50 years

92.

Before sonar waves evidence, people believed that the ocean was ______.

a)

had mountains just like on land

b)

was coral reefs

c)

flat and sandy

93.

The temperature gets _______ closer to the ocean ridge.

a)

cooler since magma is farther from the ocean floor

b)

hotter since magma is closer to the ocean floor

c)

stays the same since magma is very far from the ocean floor

94.

How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water—

a)

keeps the rocks in place.

b)

makes the rocks last longer.

c)

expands cracks and breaks rocks.

d)

causes rocks to fall in landslides.

95.

The process that breaks down rocks and other materials on Earth's surface is called

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Decomposition

96.

Over long periods of time, deposition may change the Earth’s surface by _____.

a)

forming new land features.

b)

breaking down large rocks into smaller ones.

c)

washing away beaches.

d)

moving topsoil.

97.

A cliff formed near the ocean. Which statement best describes how this cliff formed?

a)

Warm air melted the rock.

b)

Sun rays evaporated the rock.

c)

Ocean waves washed away rock.

d)

Plant roots pushed away the rock.

98.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
Deposition
b)
Landslide
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
99.

What causes the greatest erosion effect on our beaches?

a)

Waves

b)

Gravity

c)

Glaciers

d)

Wind

100.

What is an enormous mass of ice moving over land, causing weathering of rock and soil?

a)

A glacier

b)

An iceberg

c)

An ice wedge

d)

A sand dune

101.

What is the wearing away or breaking down of rocks called?

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

Glaciers

d)

Weathering

102.

Which of the following is NOT a slow change to Earth's surface?

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Landslides

103.

A delta is formed by the action of -

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

condensation

104.

Some agents of weathering are water, wind, ice, temperature and plant roots.

a)

true

b)

false

105.
What caused the edges of these rocks to become smooth?
a)
rocks bumping and scraping against each other in a river
b)
ice scraping from a glacier
c)
sand blowing in the wind
d)
plants growing roots
106.

_____ is the process by which soil and sediment (weathered rock) are transported (moved) from one place to another by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity

a)

Erosion

b)

Deposition

c)

Weathering

d)

Running Water

107.
Weathering and erosion are the same thing.
a)
True
b)
False
108.

What is the small broken down pieces of rock called?

a)

popcorn

b)

grime

c)

sediment

109.

Rocks being picked up and carried downstream is an example of ____________.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

110.

Rocks being picked up and carried downstream is an example of ____________.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

111.

Glaciers dropping rock and sand to form terminal moraines

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

112.

Which type of weathering occurs when natural forces, such as wind, water and temperature change mechanically crumbles or breaks down rock into smaller pieces? (think of a hammer as a clue)

a)

Chemical

b)

Physical

113.

Which type of weathering occurs when rocks are chemically broken down or dissolved by substances in the environment?

a)

Physical

b)

Chemical

114.

Which process of weathering has plants grow roots into crevices of rock and cause the rock to break apart?

a)

carbonation

b)

root wedging

c)

hydratoin

d)

oxidation

115.

Which type of weathering occurs when living things mechanically break down (crack, dig etc.) rocks and minerals?

a)

Chemical

b)

Physical

116.

Which process of chemical weathering has oxygen react with minerals, especially those that contain iron, and cause them to break down?

**Rust is an example of this process.**

a)

Oxidation

b)

Carbonation

c)

Hydation

117.

Which process of chemical weathering has carbon from the air or in the soil dissolve in water to make a weak acid that can dissolve rock?

(This weathering can create caves and sinkholes)

a)

Carbonation

b)

Hydrolysis

c)

Oxidation

118.

Which process of chemical weathering has carbon from the air or in the soil dissolve in water to make a weak acid that can dissolve rock?

(This weathering can create caves and sinkholes)

a)

Carbonation

b)

Hydrolysis

c)

Oxidation

119.

Which process of chemical weathering has rock absorb water, swell and become softer and easier to break apart?

a)

Oxidation

b)

Hydration

c)

Carbonation

120.
What part of trees, grass, or other plant holds soil in place to prevent erosion?
a)
flowers
b)
trunk or stem
c)
roots
d)
leaves
121.

Which could contribute to acid precipitation (acid rain)?

a)

abrasion and all forms of oxidation

b)

root wedging and animal burrowing

c)

volcanoes and burning fossil fuels

122.

Lichen moss( plants)secretes an acid that breaks down rock.

a)

Physical/Mechanical Weathering

b)

Chemical Weathering

123.

The process in which sediment settles out (drops to the bottom) of the water or wind that is carrying it

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Sedimentation

d)

Deposition

124.

Waves dropping sand onto land until a beach is formed is an example of...

a)

physical weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

chemical weathering

125.

Waves dropping sand onto land until a beach is formed is an example of...

a)

physical weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

chemical weathering

126.

Rain washing away (moving) soil from a hillside is an example of...

a)

physical weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

chemical weathering

127.

Weathering can be natural or man-made.

Which of the following causes of the Dust Bowl were due to HUMAN IMPACT?

1.Over-tilling the land and overgrazing of animals

2.Severe heat and drought for almost a decade

3.High winds in the area

a)

All answer options

b)

1 and 3

c)

1

128.

Which best describes the surface of the earth over billions of years?

a)

High mountains gradually wear down until most of the earth is at sea level

b)

High mountains stay side by side for billions of years with little change

c)

Flat surface is gradually pushed up into higher and higher mountains until the earth is covered with mountains

d)

High mountains gradually wear down as new mountains are continuously being formed, over and over again

129.

What always plays the main role in a landslide, regardless of the cause?

a)

Mud

b)

Gravity

c)

Wind

130.

Why do so many landslides occur near mountains, rather than in flat areas?

a)

Mountains have lots of rocks.

b)

People like to build their houses near mountains.

c)

Gravity allows the dirt to slide down mountains quickly.

131.

The force that can move objects downhill is ...

a)

deposition

b)

gravity

c)

temperature

132.

Watery clay slides down a mountain. This is an example of a ...

a)

creep

b)

rockslide

c)

mudslide

133.

This fence was built strait years ago. Which type of erosion happens very slowly?

a)

mudslide

b)

creep

c)

landslide

134.

GRAVITY MAKES GLACIERS MOVE.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

135.

Which letter has a higher speed?

a)

A

b)

B

136.

Which letter is there more deposition occurring?

a)

A

b)

B

137.

Which letter has the lowest speed?

a)

A

b)

B

138.

Which letter has the most weathering and erosion occurring?

a)

A

b)

B

139.

What kind of river produces meanders like the ones in the image?

a)

Young

b)

Old

140.

What would the river channel look like from B to B'

a)
b)
c)
141.

What is a meander?

a)

A straight river

b)

A bend in the river

c)

The start of a river

d)

The flow of the river

142.

Deposition on the inside of a river creates a...

a)

cliff side for teens to jump

b)

sandy shallow area for little kids

143.

Erosion of the river bank creates a

a)

Slip off slope

b)

river cliff

144.

An Ox-bow lake is a....

a)

Bend in the river

b)

Lake left by an old meander

c)

Slip off slope

d)

River cliff

145.

What would the river channel look like from C to C'

a)
b)
c)
146.

What is the ultimate driving force for W.E.D.?

a)

The tides

b)

The moon

c)

The sun

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Sci 7 Semester One Exam Review January 2021

150 questions

Sci 7 Semester One Exam Review January 2021

quiz

Worksheet

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6th - 8th Grade

Sci 8 Semester One Exam Review January 2021

150 questions

Sci 8 Semester One Exam Review January 2021

quiz

Worksheet

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8th Grade

8 Review Topic 9

143 questions

8 Review Topic 9

quiz

Worksheet

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8th Grade

Chemistry-General revision-part 3

144 questions

Chemistry-General revision-part 3

quiz

Worksheet

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7th Grade