WorksheetsBasic A&P Vocabulary and Concepts
Total questions: 95
Worksheet time: 48mins
What are examples of body regions?
Cephalic (head), thoracic (chest), brachial (arm), abdominal, pelvic, etc.
Photosynthesis, respiration, digestion, excretion, etc.
Gravity, friction, inertia, acceleration, etc.
Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.
Which directional term means 'above vs. below'?
Superior vs. Inferior
Anterior vs. Posterior
Medial vs. Lateral
Proximal vs. Distal
Which directional term means 'front vs. back'?
Anterior vs. Posterior
Medial vs. Lateral
Superior vs. Inferior
Proximal vs. Distal
Which directional term means 'toward midline vs. away'?
Medial vs. Lateral
Superior vs. Inferior
Anterior vs. Posterior
Proximal vs. Distal
Which directional term means 'closer to attachment vs. farther'?
Proximal vs. Distal
Superior vs. Inferior
Anterior vs. Posterior
Medial vs. Lateral
Which directional term means 'closer to surface vs. deeper in body'?
Superficial vs. Deep
Medial vs. Lateral
Proximal vs. Distal
Anterior vs. Posterior
Which directional term means 'facing upward vs. facing downward'?
Supine vs. Prone
Anterior vs. Posterior
Medial vs. Lateral
Superior vs. Inferior
What is the study of structures visible to the naked eye called?
Gross Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
What type of anatomy studies external features and their relation to deeper structures?
Gross Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Which type of anatomy includes cytology (cells) and histology (tissues)?
Gross Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
What is the study of specific organ systems called?
Systemic Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Which type of anatomy focuses on a particular body area?
Systemic Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
What detects changes in the environment (stimulus) in homeostatic regulation?
Receptor (Sensor)
Effector
Control Center
Hormone
What processes the information and determines the response in homeostatic regulation?
Control Center
Effector
Receptor
Stimulus
What carries out the response to restore homeostasis?
Effector
Receptor
Stimulus
Control center
In the thermostat model, what detects temperature change?
Control Center
Effector
Receptor
In the thermostat model, what decides to turn the heater on or off?
Control Center
Effector
Receptor
In the thermostat model, what activates or deactivates?
Control Center
Effector
Receptor
What is negative feedback?
Enhances the original stimulus, leading to an even greater response.
Most common. Counteracts the original stimulus to maintain balance. Example: Body temperature regulation and blood sugar control.
Amplifies changes, usually in specific short-term situations.
The central principle of physiology.
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback? Choose the correct answer.
Body temperature regulation
Blood sugar control
Blood clotting
Maintaining homeostasis
Fill in the blank: Negative feedback maintains homeostasis by keeping conditions _____.
stable
chaotic
unpredictable
fluctuating
Positive feedback amplifies changes, usually in specific short-term situations such as labor.
True
False
What is the central principle of physiology?
Homeostasis
Metabolism
Osmosis
Diffusion
The difference between positive and negative feedback in relation to homeostasis is:
Positive feedback amplifies changes while negative feedback counteracts changes.
Positive feedback maintains stability while negative feedback disrupts it.
Negative feedback amplifies changes while positive feedback counteracts changes.
Both positive and negative feedback always maintain homeostasis in the same way.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
A) Cellularity
B) Polarity
C) Vascularity
D) Regeneration
Fill in the blank: Epithelial tissue is supported by a ________ membrane.
basement
plasma
nuclear
mitochondrial
Which function is NOT performed by epithelial tissue?
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Contraction
Epithelial tissue has a high rate of mitosis due to exposure to friction and environmental damage.
True
False
Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the alveoli of the lungs?
Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Stratified Squamous
Transitional Epithelium
Fill in the blank: Simple cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in ________ tubules and small glands.
kidney
lung
liver
intestine
Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the trachea and upper respiratory tract?
Ciliated Simple Columnar
Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar
Non-ciliated Simple Columnar
Stratified Squamous
Fill in the blank: Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in the ________.
skin (epidermis)
lining of the esophagus
urinary bladder
alveoli of the lungs
Which type of epithelial tissue allows for stretching and expansion?
Simple Squamous
Stratified Cuboidal
Transitional Epithelium
Simple Columnar
Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium most likely to be found?
Alveoli
Sweat glands
Trachea
Intestinal lining
What is the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands have ducts, exocrine glands do not
Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood, exocrine glands secrete onto body surfaces or cavities
Both have ducts
Both secrete onto body surfaces
Which of the following is an example of an endocrine gland?
Sweat gland
Thyroid
Salivary gland
Mammary gland
Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland?
Pituitary
Adrenal
Salivary
Thyroid
Unicellular exocrine glands include ________ cells.
Mucous (goblet)
Parietal
Chief
Acinar
Which mode of secretion in exocrine glands involves secretion via exocytosis with no cell damage?
Merocrine (Eccrine)
Apocrine
Holocrine
Which mode of secretion involves the entire cell rupturing to release its product?
Merocrine (Eccrine)
Apocrine
Holocrine
Where are merocrine (eccrine) glands found?
Mammary glands
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas
Bone marrow
Which cell type synthesizes melanin pigment?
Mast cells
Melanocytes
Fixed macrophage
Adipose
Which type of loose connective tissue stores fat and is found in hypodermis and around organs?
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Elastic
Dense regular connective tissue is found in ________ and ________.
tendons and ligaments
bones and cartilage
skin and muscles
lungs and liver
Elastic dense connective tissue is found in which of the following locations?
Lymph nodes
Large arteries (aorta) and bronchial tubes
Dermis
Pancreas
Which type of cartilage is smooth and found in joints, nose, and trachea?
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Bone
Which type of cartilage is flexible and found in the ear and epiglottis?
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Bone
Which type of cartilage is strong and found in intervertebral discs and knee menisci?
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Bone
What is the function of bone in supporting connective tissue?
Hard, calcified matrix; supports & protects organs.
Stores fat and insulates the body.
Transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
Produces hormones for metabolic regulation.
What is the main function of blood as a fluid connective tissue?
Transport of nutrients, gases, and waste.
Production of hormones.
Transmission of nerve impulses.
Support and protection of organs.
Lymph helps with ______ and fluid balance.
immunity
digestion
respiration
excretion
Which layer is found under the skin and consists of areolar and adipose tissue?
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
Subserous fascia
Which fascia is continuous with capsules, ligaments, and other connective tissue structures and forms a strong, fibrous internal framework?
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
Subserous fascia
Subserous fascia is located between the serous membranes and the ______ fascia.
deep
superficial
muscular
cutaneous
Which type of membrane lines passageways open to the exterior of the body?
Mucous Membranes
Serous Membranes
Cutaneous Membranes
Synovial Membranes
Which type of membrane covers the surface of the body (skin)?
Mucous Membranes
Serous Membranes
Cutaneous Membranes
Synovial Membranes
Which type of membrane lines freely movable joint cavities and lubricates the joint cavity with synovial fluid?
Mucous Membranes
Serous Membranes
Cutaneous Membranes
Synovial Membranes
Which type of muscle tissue is attached to bones?
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Fill in the blank: The shape of cardiac muscle is ________.
Branched
Spindle-shaped
Cuboidal
Columnar
Which muscle tissue has no striations?
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Fill in the blank: The nuclei in skeletal muscle are ________.
Multinucleated
Uninucleated
Binucleated
Anucleated
Which muscle tissue is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels?
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
What is the definition of inflammation?
A biological response to injury or infection that aims to remove harmful stimuli and begin healing.
A process by which the body increases blood sugar levels.
A condition where the body loses excessive water.
A type of cell division that produces gametes.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
Heat (Calor)
Redness (Rubor)
Pain (Dolor)
Swelling (Tumor)
Fever (Febris)
Fill in the blank: Increased blood flow to the area is known as ________ (Rubor), one of the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation.
Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
Fill in the blank: Fluid accumulation due to increased permeability is called ________ (Tumor), a sign of inflammation.
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Pain
Fill in the blank: Release of chemicals activating pain receptors is known as ________ (Dolor), a sign of inflammation.
Pain
Redness
Swelling
Heat
Fill in the blank: Due to swelling and pain, there may be ________ (Function Laesa), a sign of inflammation.
Loss of Function
Increased Appetite
Improved Vision
Rapid Healing
Which of the following is NOT a component of the integumentary system?
A) Skin
B) Hair
C) Bones
D) Nails
Which glands produce sebum (oil) to moisturize skin and hair?
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Salivary glands
Endocrine glands
What is the main function of Meissner’s corpuscles in the skin?
Detect light touch
Sense deep pressure
Detect temperature changes
Transmit pain signals
Which structure in the skin causes goosebumps?
Arrector pili muscles
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Meissner's corpuscles
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
A) Protection
B) Temperature regulation
C) Digestion
D) Synthesis of Vitamin D
The epidermis has five layers. Which layer is the outermost, where dead cells slough off?
Stratum corneum
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
True or False: The stratum lucidum is found in all areas of the skin.
True
False
How long does it take for cells to move through all five layers of the epidermis in thick skin?
5-10 days
10-20 days
25-45 days
50-70 days
What is the difference between sensible and insensible perspiration?
Sensible perspiration is noticeable sweating from eccrine glands (active cooling), while insensible perspiration is continuous, unnoticeable evaporation of water through the skin.
Sensible perspiration is unnoticeable and occurs only during sleep, while insensible perspiration is visible and occurs during exercise.
Sensible perspiration is produced by sebaceous glands, while insensible perspiration is produced by sweat glands.
Sensible perspiration is only found in infants, while insensible perspiration is only found in adults.
What is the main difference between the skin on the soles of the feet and the skin on the legs?
The skin on the soles of the feet is thick with a stratum lucidum, more sweat glands, and no hair, while the skin on the legs is thin, has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and fewer sweat glands.
The skin on the soles of the feet is thinner and contains more hair follicles than the skin on the legs.
The skin on the legs has a stratum lucidum and more sweat glands than the soles of the feet.
Both the soles of the feet and the legs have the same thickness and number of sweat glands.
Which of the following is a function of Vitamin D?
Helps in calcium and phosphate absorption for bone health
Produces sweat
Protects against UV light
Causes hair growth
What is the first step in the absorption of Vitamin D?
UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin into cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3).
Vitamin D binds to calcium in the intestines.
Vitamin D is stored in the liver immediately after synthesis.
Vitamin D is excreted by the kidneys before activation.
Fill in the blank: The liver converts cholecalciferol into ________.
calcidiol
calcitriol
bilirubin
bile acids
Fill in the blank: The kidney converts calcidiol into ________, the active form of Vitamin D.
calcitriol
cholecalciferol
ergocalciferol
calcitonin
What does calcitriol help the intestines absorb?
Calcium and phosphate
Potassium and sodium
Iron and zinc
Vitamin C and D
Which part of the nail is the visible part?
Nail body
Nail root
Lunula
Cuticle
What is the function of the cuticle (eponychium)?
Protects nail root
Produces sweat
Regulates body temperature
Secretes oil
Where is the nail root located?
Beneath the skin, site of nail growth
At the tip of the finger
On the surface of the nail plate
Inside the bone of the finger
What is the white crescent at the base of the nail called?
Lunula
Cuticle
Matrix
Nail bed
What is the hyponychium?
Under free edge of nail
Base of the nail
Cuticle of the nail
Surface of the nail plate
What condition is characterized by blue skin due to lack of oxygen?
Cyanosis
Erythema
Jaundice
Vitiligo
What condition is characterized by yellow skin due to liver dysfunction?
Jaundice
Anemia
Psoriasis
Eczema
What condition results from Vitamin D deficiency and causes weak bones?
Rickets
Scurvy
Anemia
Goiter
Which condition is an autoimmune loss of melanocytes, causing white patches?
Vitiligo
Psoriasis
Eczema
Rosacea
What is melanoma?
A dangerous skin cancer from uncontrolled melanocyte growth.
A type of benign mole on the skin.
A bacterial infection of the skin.
A vitamin deficiency affecting the skin.
Which organ system is responsible for protection, excretion, temperature regulation, and vitamin D production?
Integumentary (skin) system
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Nervous system
Which organ system includes bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and joints for support, protection, movement, and blood cell formation?
Skeletal system
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Nervous system
