"Opsy" means

"Auto" means

Study of de-squamate cells from surface of epithelial surfaces

Which of the following is considered as the most reliable biopsy, as it allows examination of the whole tumor lesion?

FNAB is an example of which kind of biopsy?

This type of biopsy is preferred if the tumor is a "feeder" or basically, characterized as attached to a major blood vessel

Cytocentrifugation involves centrifuging at...

Routinely used fixative for cytologic smears

NOT recommended to be used as a fixative for cytologic smears because it is flammable

Which of the following types of biopsy is preferred for examining large tumors that can’t be excised completely?

Which of the following types of biopsy is simple, inexpensive, and doesn't require for hospitalization?

Which of the following types of biopsy falls under incisional Biopsy, and has small pieces of tumor removed using special forceps?

Skin biopsy

How many mL of of peritoneal fluid is collected for culture and smear preparation?

How many mL of of pleural fluid is collected for chemical analysis?

Which of the following types of biopsy involves obtaining a deeper skin sample that removes a short cylinder or “apple core” of tissue?

Also known as core needle biopsy

Which of the following types of biopsy involves removing the top layers of the skin by shaving it off? This is performed with local anesthetic

Incision biopsy from solid organs, wedge shaped.

- The systematic examination of a cadaver for study or for determining the cause of death.

- Excision and Examination of adequate tissue sampling taken from a living person

- Used to diagnose malignancies

- Scrutinize both anterior and posterior surfaces

- Observe for signs of violence, lacerations, identifying marks, edema, distention, hemorrhages and jaundice

- Primary incision of the abdomen and thorax

- a “Y” incision is done for both male and female to expose the abdomen

How to obtain the culture of heart's blood?

How to obtain the culture of solid organs?

How to obtain the culture of peritoneal fluid?

How to obtain the culture of pleural fluid?

examination of the organs of the three major cavities of the body (Abdomen, Chest and the Head)

- Spinal cord is not removed and examined

- Blood vessels of the arms and legs aren’t examined.

– Organs are removed one by one

widely used; Originally the first step is to expose the cranial cavity and from the back, the spinal cord, followed by the thoracic cavity, cervical cavity and abdominal organs.

– IN SITU dissection, in part combined with EN BLOC removal

– removal of cervical, abdominal and urogenital system organs as organ blocks/en bloc

– organs are removed en masse

- Thoracic, cervical, abdominal and pelvic organs are removed en masse and then followed by dissection into organ blocks

- best for routine inspection and preservation of connections between organs and organ systems.

- Simply means microscopic examination of cells from different body sites for diagnostic purposes

- This includes Exfoliative cytology and Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy.

- Study of cells des-quamated from epithelial surfaces

- Cells may be found on smears that have been spontaneously been shed or physically removed from epithelial surfaces and mucous membranes (Like the vagina, buccal mucosa and from bodily fluids like sputum, urine, pleural fluid, peritoneal (ascitic fluid), gastric juice and cerebrospinal fluid.

- Spontaneous exfoliation is observed in normal cells due to constant growth and replacement with new cells

– more readily observed in malignant tumor cells.

Cervical carcinomas and precancerous lesions of the cervix arises from the junction of endocervical/ectocervical mucosa (Transformation zone or T-ZONE) - Therefore, sampling of T-ZONE is extremely important for the detection of dysplasia and carcinoma of the cervix - An optimal sample should include squamous, columnar and metaplastic cells

- Relatively inexpensive

- Best taken from the upper lateral third of the vaginal wall. (More accessible and less likely to be contaminated with cellular debris or vaginal discharge. First reading is on LPO. Assess the quality of staining and smea

- To detect the presence of RBCs and Leukocytes and the type of exfoliated cell. To give a rough assessment of the proportion of the mature superficial pyknotic acidophilic cells. This test is not commonly used today in the practice of gynecology

Which equipment for gynecological sampling is used for sampling of endocervical canal?

Which equipment for gynecological sampling is used on patients with hysterectomy?

Which equipment for gynecological sampling is used for hormonal evaluation?

Which equipment for gynecological sampling is used for localization of vaginal adenosis?

Which equipment for gynecological sampling is used for detection of herpetic lesions or carcinoma?

Which of the following is the staining of Choice for Exfoliative Cytology?

Which of the following kind of PAPS staining has the following ADVANTAGES - Transparent blue staining of the cytoplasm is obtained due to action of high alcoholic content of the cytoplasmic counterstain, allowing overlapping cells to be seen and identified - Excellent nuclear detail is produced - Color range is predictable and of great value when identifying and classifying cells. Producing a good differential coloring of basophilic and acidophilic cells. - Valuable in comparing cellular appearances in smears and their counterpart in similarly stained sections.

Which of the following PAPS staining provides optimal nuclear detail information, which is important for cytologic evaluation of pap smears, non-gynecological and FNAB cytologic specimens Also, skl For Pap smears prepared with liquid based technique, use the automated technique.

polygonal squamous cells. (40-45 um in diameter) Pale, pink staining cytoplasm and dark pyknotic nuclei (<6um in diameter)

True Acidophillia is characteristic of these cells. (Under Estrogen influence) But not a reliable index of maturation

Pseudo-acidophillia – caused by drying of smears especially before fixation, prolapse and drying of vaginal epithelium, infection and chemicals.

medium sized, polyhedral or elongated cells with basophilic vacuolated cytoplasm

round to oval cells, with small dense basophilic cytoplasm (15-30um in diameter)

Smaller than parabasal cells. Larger vesicular nucleus

Normally seen from two weeks of age to puberty, after childbirth, abortions and after menopause.

boat shaped intermediate cells that has a strong tendency to fold or curl.

These cells suggest a combined estrogen-progesterone effect.

Found in the latter half of the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy and menopause

Characteristic of mature superficial cells under estrogen influence.

not a reliable index of maturation

caused by drying of smears especially before fixation, prolapse and drying of vaginal epithelium, infection and chemicals.

round, oval or boat shaped cells with translucent basophilic cytoplasm observed greatest at the center of the cell due to glycogen accumulation

small cells, slightly cylindrical with less basophilic cytoplasm. Occurring in tightly packed groups of 3 or more

. Found during and in 1-10 days after menstruation. Shed in response to ovarian hormones. Smear taken during menstrual cycle will contain Endometrial cells and numerous RBCs and Leukocytes (renders the smear unsatisfactory for reliable assessment)

occurs in large groups or small sheets. Honeycomb appearance when viewed on end.

- Directly smeared onto 2 labeled slides by pull apart technique. - Sprayed with fixative immediately or immediately immersed in the fixative jar of 95% alcohol - Failure to fix immediately, unsatisfactory cytologic results due to air drying effect

Freshly collected in the bronchoscopy collection container and hand delivered to the lab

- Collected by either aspiration into a glass suction apparatus or by washing bronchi with 1-2cc Saline into a cup. Specimens must be taken directly from the bronchus, to ensure that the smear contain epithelial cells (ciliated bronchial cells) from the bronchial mucosa. Not just RBCs and WBC.

Presence of alveolar macrophage confirms that the sample is definitely...

Seen in samples from AIDS or HIV px.

To observe for the presence of Pneumocytis jirovecci, how many times do you have to obtain sputum sample?

FOr extensive studies of non-gynecologic spx, you have to prepare slides which are stained by Giemsa and PAPS how many times?