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1810 - Unit 1 - CH 1 - 4

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In breaking away from the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives, psychologists developed which perspective that focuses on people’s unique characteristics and viewpoints?

a)

Biological

b)

Sociocultural

c)

Cognitive

d)

Humanistic

2.

Which approach emphasizes understanding mental disorders in terms of unconscious needs, desires, memories, and conflicts?

a)

Psychoanalytic

b)

Biological

c)

Behavioral

d)

Humanistic

3.

If deception must be used in research, what must occur?

a)

Participants must be debriefed as soon as the study concludes.

b)

Participants must be given no opportunity to withdraw from the study.

c)

Participants must be provided appropriate excuses.

d)

Participants must be offered additional compensation.

4.

What is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?

a)

Forming a hypothesis, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions

b)

Gathering evidence, developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, drawing conclusions

c)

Developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions

d)

Formulating a theory, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions

5.

Dr. Mingus keeps a detailed record of a series of interviews with an individual who is suffering from a rare brain disorder. This is an example of which research method?

a)

Survey

b)

Experiment

c)

Case study

d)

Observation

6.

Social desirability bias and volunteer bias are problems typically associated with which research method?

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Experiments

c)

Case Studies

d)

Surveys

7.

Developmental psychologist Arthur Chang observes children in a daycare center through a one-way mirror. Chang is utilizing which form of research?

a)

Case Study

b)

Correlational

c)

Naturalistic Observation

d)

E-survey

8.

A statistical measure of the association between two variables is called what?

a)

Independent Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

c)

Control Variable

d)

Correlation Coefficient

9.

A vendor at a soccer stadium notices that the warmer the weather, the more beverages he usually sells. In technical terms, the vendor has noticed that temperature and beverage sales are:

a)

Positively correlated.

b)

Indirectly correlated.

c)

Negatively correlated.

d)

Independent.

10.

                                                is a growing movement in psychology directed toward studies of human experience such as hope, happiness, and altruism.

a)

Positive Psychology

b)

Social-Cognitive Theory

c)

Eclecticism

d)

Evolutionary Psychology

11.

An experiment on children’s television program viewing and evidence of creativity divides child participants into two groups. Each group watches a different children’s program for one month, and both groups are then given a test to measure creativity. In this test, what is the independent variable?

a)

The program the children watch.

b)

The children’s scores on the creativity test.

c)

The children’s economic background.

d)

There is no independent variable; this is a correlational study.

12.

A psychology researcher who wishes to explore a cause–effect relationship will be best able to do so using which research method?

a)

The experimental method

b)

A correlational study

c)

A descriptive method

d)

A case study technique

13.

Which sampling procedure is MOST likely to produce a random sample?

a)

A researcher stands outside a football stadium entrance before a game and asks people to fill out a survey to obtain the opinions of city residents about the building of a new stadium.

b)

A researcher goes to a dealership to obtain a list of people who purchased luxury automobiles to gather information about the driving habits of American drivers.

c)

A researcher draws 60 names from a hat containing the names of all 300 construction workers on a job site to survey them about the job site's safety practices.

d)

A researcher surveys first-year psychology students to gather information about the school's first-year students' feelings of homesickness.

14.

Who is generally recognized as the founder of American psychology?

a)

Hall

b)

James

c)

Wundt

d)

Freud

15.

As a scientific endeavor, the primary goal of psychology is                                                .

a)

Treatment of troubled individuals.

b)

Attempt to understand behavior and mental processes.

c)

Attempt to expand human consciousness.

d)

Teaching of psychology in high schools and colleges.

16.

The goal of which perspective is to uncover learning processes that explain observable behaviors?

a)

Psychoanalysis

b)

Behaviorism

c)

Functionalism

d)

Structuralism

17.

Which individual is credited with modern psychology's emphasis on the role of the unconscious?

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

William James

c)

John Watson

d)

Wilhelm Wundt

18.

Modern psychology is said to have begun when ______________________________.

a)

Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people.

b)

Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.

c)

Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy.

d)

It was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

19.

In a medical study, every participant has an equal chance of receiving one of the treatments. This is called                                                .

a)

Control Assignment

b)

Random Selection

c)

Placebo Effect

d)

Random Assignment

20.

A group that experiences all experimental procedures except exposure to the independent variable is called a                                                 .

a)

Control Group

b)

Random Group

c)

Variable Group

d)

Dynamic Group

21.

A patient arrives at the emergency room complaining that they cannot feel their legs. Which part of their nervous system should doctors investigate first?

a)

The frontal lobes of their brain

b)

Their spinal cord

c)

Their cerebellum

d)

The temporal and occipital lobes of their brain

22.

Terminal buttons release chemicals known as?

a)

Hormones

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Antibodies

d)

Antigens

23.

A medical researcher is interested in developing a treatment for neurological diseases that involve inadequate amounts of myelin. If he wants to use a specific disease as a focus for his research, which disease should he collect more data on?

a)

Alzheimer’s Disease

b)

Multiple Sclerosis

c)

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

d)

Amnesia

24.

A group of axons bundled together is known as what?

a)

Nerve

b)

Synaptic vesicle

c)

Primary cluster

d)

Myelinated pathway

25.

The adrenal glands are important in your body's reaction to what?

a)

Digestion

b)

Pleasurable fantasy

c)

Sleep

d)

Stress

26.

What is the function of an axon?

a)

Conducts outgoing electrochemical impulses to other neurons.

b)

Receives electrical messages from neighboring neurons.

c)

Receives chemical messages from other neurons.

d)

Provides structural support for the cell.

27.

Which brain structure regulates bodily functions such as thirst, hunger, fluid concentrations, and body temperature?

a)

Thalamus

b)

Hippocampus

c)

Hypothalamus

d)

Medulla

28.

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and has a complete set of the neuron’s chromosomes and genes is called the                                                 .

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Axon

c)

Dendrite

d)

Cell body

29.

Which of the following statements about dendrites is true?

a)

Dendrites are found in every type of cell.

b)

Dendrites carry outgoing messages to neighboring neurons.

c)

Some neurons have dendrites, and some do not.

d)

Dendrites pick up incoming messages and transmit them to the cell body.

30.

What is the most common type of neuron found in the nervous system?

a)

Sensory

b)

Motor

c)

Interneuron

d)

Afferent

31.

Which hormone regulates uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of mother’s milk during nursing?

a)

Melatonin

b)

Estrogen

c)

Oxytocin

d)

Testosterone

32.

Stan is a nine-year-old boy who is much taller than other children his age. It is likely that he has an overactive                                                 .

a)

Pituitary gland

b)

Pancreas

c)

Hypothalamus

d)

Hippocampus

33.

A patient has severe epileptic seizures that are unresponsive to medication. Which of the following is a potential treatment?

a)

Severing the corpus callosum.

b)

Lesioning Broca’s area.

c)

Dividing the temporal lobe on the left side of the brain.

d)

Implanting electrodes to stimulate the amygdala.

34.

As a general rule, people are able to speak their native language due to the proper functioning of which area of the brain?

a)

Wernicke’s Area

b)

Hobb’s Area

c)

Jacobson’s Area

d)

Broca’s Area

35.

A friend of yours wants to learn more about hemispheric differences in response to environmental influences. Your friend is broadly interested in _______________________________.

a)

Neurogenesis

b)

Adaptability

c)

Lateralization

d)

Plasticity

36.

Hua is interested in activating his mirror neurons as he tries to learn a new skill. What should he do?

a)

He should spend extra time reading about playing the guitar.

b)

He should spend extra time practicing the guitar on his own.

c)

He should spend extra time watching others play the guitar.

d)

He should spend extra time reflecting on his understanding of playing the guitar.

37.

Esteban can easily tell the difference between his girlfriend’s voice and that of his mother thanks to the functioning of his                                                 .

a)

Temporal lobes

b)

Frontal lobes

c)

Occipital lobes

d)

Parietal lobes

38.

A doctor is concerned about a patient who has recently begun showing signs of memory loss. Which area of the patient’s brain should the doctor examine?

a)

Their medulla

b)

Their hippocampus

c)

Their reticular formation

d)

Their hypothalamus

39.

The peripheral nervous system connects the spinal cord and brain with which other parts of the body?

a)

Sensory organs and muscles

b)

Sensory organs and glands

c)

Muscles and glands

d)

Sensory organs, glands, and muscles

40.

Neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or brain are called                                                 .

a)

Motor Neurons

b)

Sensory Neurons

c)

Interneurons

d)

Glial Cells

41.

Pores or openings on the tongue that contain cells sensitive to different flavors are called                                                 .

a)

Taste buds

b)

Sensory buds

c)

Taste receptors

d)

Flavor sensors

42.

To produce the experience of smell, your nose must transmit information to the brain via the                                                 .

a)

Ocular nerve

b)

Auditory nerve

c)

Gustatory nerve

d)

Olfactory nerve

43.

Byron is a bodybuilder lifting weights at his local gym. He can currently lift 200 pounds, but he probably would not notice a difference in the amount of weight he is lifting unless it was greater than four pounds. This example illustrates                                                 .

a)

Freud’s thesis

b)

Jung’s hypothesis

c)

Bandura’s maxim

d)

Weber's Law

44.

The highness or lowness of a sound, which corresponds to the frequency of the sound wave, is called                                                .

a)

Volume

b)

Audition

c)

Pitch

d)

Amplitude

45.

The minimal difference in the magnitude of energy needed for people to detect a difference between two stimuli is called the ______________________________.

a)

Difference threshold

b)

Relative threshold

c)

Minimum receptivity

d)

Absolute threshold

46.

People with normal color vision who can discern all the colors of the visual spectrum are called                                                .

a)

Chromaotypes

b)

Trichromats

c)

Monochromats

d)

Dichromats

47.

Sensory receptors are:

a)

Neurons that carry electrical signals from sensory organs to the spinal cord.

b)

Specialized nerve cells that detect sensory stimuli and convert them into neural impulses.

c)

Sensory organs such as the eyes and ears.

d)

Specialized nerve cells that are only sensitive to pain and heat.

48.

The process by which the lens changes its shape to focus images more clearly on the retina is called ______________________________.

a)

Accommodation

b)

Refraction

c)

Reflection

d)

Dispersion

49.

Carmella finds herself tuning out distractions as her psychology professor explains a key concept. What is Carmella engaging in?

a)

Selective attention

b)

Divided attention

c)

Sensory adaptation

d)

Habituation

50.

While Ralph passively acquires information about his environment from his sense organs, his brain interprets this information through which process?

a)

Perception

b)

Sensation

c)

Realization

d)

Anticipation

51.

Cues for depth that can be perceived by each eye alone, such as relative size and interposition, are known as what?

a)

Anocular cues

b)

Monocular cues

c)

Trinocular cues

d)

Binocular cues

52.

A mode of perceptual processing in which the brain recognizes meaningful patterns by piecing together bits and pieces of sensory information is known as what?

a)

Inner-outer processing

b)

Left-right processing

c)

Bottom-up processing

d)

Top-down processing

53.

Lupita is able to recognize the location of her arms while swimming with a blindfold on. This is due to her sense of what?

a)

Kinesthesia

b)

Neurasthenia

c)

Aphasia

d)

Alexithymia

54.

The sense that keeps us informed about our balance and the position of our body in space is called what?

a)

Cerebellar sense

b)

Temporal sense

c)

Vestibular sense

d)

Cerebral sense

55.

Emily is interested in determining her absolute threshold for noticing sounds. If she wants to construct a test of her absolute threshold, she should:

a)

see if she can notice the difference in loudness after turning down the volume on her speakers by only one notch.

b)

attempt to recognize the differences in tone between popular music and classical music.

c)

play a series of sounds at softer and softer levels until she is no longer able to hear anything.

d)

compare the differences between sounds with loud pitches and sounds with medium pitches.

56.

The belief that a mechanism in the spinal cord opens to allow pain messages to reach the brain and closes to shut them out is called the ______________________________.

a)

Gate-Control Theory of pain

b)

Spinal-Fixed Theory of pain

c)

Cerebral-Nexus Theory of pain

d)

Hindbrain-Linked Theory of pain

57.

Experiences of touch, pressure, warmth, cold, and pain that involve stimulation of receptors beneath the skin are known as                                                 .

a)

Chemical senses

b)

Proprioceptive senses

c)

Gustatory sensations

d)

Skin senses

58.

After sitting near an air conditioner for a while, Abraham hardly notices the sound. His reduced sensitivity reflects the principle of                                                 .

a)

Difference threshold

b)

Sensory adaptation

c)

Perceptual bias

d)

Perceptual constancy

59.

What term describes the process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli from the outside world to create sensory experiences?

a)

Sensation

b)

Threshold

c)

Knowledge

d)

Perception

60.

Which tendency reflects the human ability to maintain stable impressions of an object's actual size, regardless of its distance from the observer?

a)

Shape constancy

b)

Size constancy

c)

Color constancy

d)

Perceptual constancy

61.

A state of awareness characterized by wandering thoughts or mental imagery is called ______________________________.

a)

Drifting Consciousness

b)

Focused Awareness

c)

Divided Consciousness

d)

Deep Sleep

62.

After drinking for years, Miguel notices that he now requires more alcohol to achieve the same “buzz” as he used to. Regarding alcohol, Miguel has likely developed                                                .

a)

Tolerance

b)

Withdrawal

c)

Intoxication

d)

Dependence

63.

Drugs such as alcohol and barbiturates, which dampen central nervous system activity, are known as                                                 .

a)

Depressants

b)

Stimulants

c)

Hallucinogens

d)

Narcotics

64.

Binge drinking is usually defined as:

a)

Two or more drinks for men and women.

b)

Two or more drinks for men and three or more drinks for women.

c)

Four or more drinks for men and five or more drinks for women.

d)

Five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women.

65.

Which stimulant is the most widely used psychoactive drug?

a)

Cocaine

b)

Caffeine

c)

Nicotine

d)

Amphetamine

66.

A mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, difficulty in focusing attention, and excitable behavior is called ______________________________.

a)

Anxiety

b)

Delirium

c)

Delusion

d)

Hallucination

67.

After experiencing a near-overdose, Tristan has been placed in a program designed to eliminate all traces of addictive substances from his system. Tristan is undergoing                                                 .

a)

Remediation

b)

Defenestration

c)

Detoxification

d)

Repudiation

68.

Leeza finds herself engrossed in her favorite pastime, knitting. Leeza’s experience most clearly matches experiences of                                                 .

a)

Focused Awareness

b)

Deep Learning

c)

Immersion

d)

Explicit Engagement

69.

A process of focused attention that induces a relaxed, contemplative state is known as ______________________________.

a)

Meditation

b)

Examination

c)

Observation

d)

Awareness-Building

70.

Madison frequently wakes up in a cold sweat with a strong sensation of fear. However, she has trouble linking her fear to any particular dream. Madison likely has which type of sleep-wake disorder?

a)

Narcolepsy

b)

Sleep Apnea

c)

Night Terror

d)

Insomnia

71.

Sota can often be found wandering around his house at night in a state of reduced awareness but is unable to remember his nightly wanderings. Sota likely experiences which sleep-wake disorder?

a)

Sleepwalking Disorder

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Deep-Dream Disorder

d)

Insomnia

72.

Airi attempts to wake her mother while she is in Stage 4 sleep. Which of the following is most likely to happen?

a)

Her mother will be incredibly difficult to wake up.

b)

Her mother will wake up rather easily.

c)

Her mother will not wake up until her sleep cycle resets.

d)

Her mother will wake up and begin describing a dream she was having.

73.

Which stage of sleep most closely resembles waking brain activity?

a)

Stage 1 Sleep

b)

Stage 2 Sleep

c)

Stage 3 Sleep

d)

REM Sleep

74.

Sofia would like to observe a subject’s sleep throughout all sleep stages, or one full sleep cycle. What is the minimum amount of time she should plan to observe her subject?

a)

30 minutes

b)

50 minutes

c)

70 minutes

d)

90 minutes

75.

According to Freud, the true underlying meaning of a dream, disguised in the form of dream symbols, is known as                                                 .

a)

Latent Content

b)

Manifest Content

c)

Unconscious Content

d)

Subconscious Content

76.

The state of being aware of ourselves and the world around us is called                                                 .

a)

Consciousness

b)

A Conscience

c)

Sensation

d)

Perception

77.

Rachelle attempts to work on her calculus homework while listening to her favorite podcast. Rachelle is engaging in which state of consciousness?

a)

Unfocused Engagement

b)

Drifting Awareness

c)

Daydreaming

d)

Divided Consciousness

78.

During winter, bears often hibernate and sleep for days or weeks at a time, preserving their energy. The act of hibernation best represents which function of sleep?

a)

Protection

b)

Conservation

c)

Restoration

d)

Consolidation

79.

Lin is explaining the activation-synthesis hypothesis to a classmate. Which of the following statements about the role of the cerebral cortex in the activation-synthesis hypothesis is true?

a)

The cerebral cortex creates a story based on random activity in its own regions.

b)

The cerebral cortex creates a story based on random activity in other parts of the brain.

c)

The cerebral cortex is less active than other parts of the brain to allow those areas to refresh themselves.

d)

The cerebral cortex is less active than other parts of the brain to stimulate those areas more directly.

80.

Forms of awareness during wakefulness that are different from a person’s usual waking state are known as                                                 .

a)

Daydreaming

b)

Disrupted States of Consciousness

c)

Altered States of Consciousness

d)

Divided Attention