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Worksheets1810 - Unit 1 - CH 1 - 4
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 40mins
In breaking away from the psychoanalytic and behavioral perspectives, psychologists developed which perspective that focuses on people’s unique characteristics and viewpoints?
Biological
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Humanistic
Which approach emphasizes understanding mental disorders in terms of unconscious needs, desires, memories, and conflicts?
Psychoanalytic
Biological
Behavioral
Humanistic
If deception must be used in research, what must occur?
Participants must be debriefed as soon as the study concludes.
Participants must be given no opportunity to withdraw from the study.
Participants must be provided appropriate excuses.
Participants must be offered additional compensation.
What is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?
Forming a hypothesis, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
Gathering evidence, developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, drawing conclusions
Developing a research question, forming a hypothesis, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
Formulating a theory, developing a research question, gathering evidence, drawing conclusions
Dr. Mingus keeps a detailed record of a series of interviews with an individual who is suffering from a rare brain disorder. This is an example of which research method?
Survey
Experiment
Case study
Observation
Social desirability bias and volunteer bias are problems typically associated with which research method?
Naturalistic Observation
Experiments
Case Studies
Surveys
Developmental psychologist Arthur Chang observes children in a daycare center through a one-way mirror. Chang is utilizing which form of research?
Case Study
Correlational
Naturalistic Observation
E-survey
A statistical measure of the association between two variables is called what?
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Control Variable
Correlation Coefficient
A vendor at a soccer stadium notices that the warmer the weather, the more beverages he usually sells. In technical terms, the vendor has noticed that temperature and beverage sales are:
Positively correlated.
Indirectly correlated.
Negatively correlated.
Independent.
is a growing movement in psychology directed toward studies of human experience such as hope, happiness, and altruism.
Positive Psychology
Social-Cognitive Theory
Eclecticism
Evolutionary Psychology
An experiment on children’s television program viewing and evidence of creativity divides child participants into two groups. Each group watches a different children’s program for one month, and both groups are then given a test to measure creativity. In this test, what is the independent variable?
The program the children watch.
The children’s scores on the creativity test.
The children’s economic background.
There is no independent variable; this is a correlational study.
A psychology researcher who wishes to explore a cause–effect relationship will be best able to do so using which research method?
The experimental method
A correlational study
A descriptive method
A case study technique
Which sampling procedure is MOST likely to produce a random sample?
A researcher stands outside a football stadium entrance before a game and asks people to fill out a survey to obtain the opinions of city residents about the building of a new stadium.
A researcher goes to a dealership to obtain a list of people who purchased luxury automobiles to gather information about the driving habits of American drivers.
A researcher draws 60 names from a hat containing the names of all 300 construction workers on a job site to survey them about the job site's safety practices.
A researcher surveys first-year psychology students to gather information about the school's first-year students' feelings of homesickness.
Who is generally recognized as the founder of American psychology?
Hall
James
Wundt
Freud
As a scientific endeavor, the primary goal of psychology is .
Treatment of troubled individuals.
Attempt to understand behavior and mental processes.
Attempt to expand human consciousness.
Teaching of psychology in high schools and colleges.
The goal of which perspective is to uncover learning processes that explain observable behaviors?
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Functionalism
Structuralism
Which individual is credited with modern psychology's emphasis on the role of the unconscious?
Sigmund Freud
William James
John Watson
Wilhelm Wundt
Modern psychology is said to have begun when ______________________________.
Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people.
Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.
Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy.
It was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.
In a medical study, every participant has an equal chance of receiving one of the treatments. This is called .
Control Assignment
Random Selection
Placebo Effect
Random Assignment
A group that experiences all experimental procedures except exposure to the independent variable is called a .
Control Group
Random Group
Variable Group
Dynamic Group
A patient arrives at the emergency room complaining that they cannot feel their legs. Which part of their nervous system should doctors investigate first?
The frontal lobes of their brain
Their spinal cord
Their cerebellum
The temporal and occipital lobes of their brain
Terminal buttons release chemicals known as?
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Antibodies
Antigens
A medical researcher is interested in developing a treatment for neurological diseases that involve inadequate amounts of myelin. If he wants to use a specific disease as a focus for his research, which disease should he collect more data on?
Alzheimer’s Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Amnesia
A group of axons bundled together is known as what?
Nerve
Synaptic vesicle
Primary cluster
Myelinated pathway
The adrenal glands are important in your body's reaction to what?
Digestion
Pleasurable fantasy
Sleep
Stress
What is the function of an axon?
Conducts outgoing electrochemical impulses to other neurons.
Receives electrical messages from neighboring neurons.
Receives chemical messages from other neurons.
Provides structural support for the cell.
Which brain structure regulates bodily functions such as thirst, hunger, fluid concentrations, and body temperature?
Thalamus
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Medulla
The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and has a complete set of the neuron’s chromosomes and genes is called the .
Cell membrane
Axon
Dendrite
Cell body
Which of the following statements about dendrites is true?
Dendrites are found in every type of cell.
Dendrites carry outgoing messages to neighboring neurons.
Some neurons have dendrites, and some do not.
Dendrites pick up incoming messages and transmit them to the cell body.
What is the most common type of neuron found in the nervous system?
Sensory
Motor
Interneuron
Afferent
Which hormone regulates uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of mother’s milk during nursing?
Melatonin
Estrogen
Oxytocin
Testosterone
Stan is a nine-year-old boy who is much taller than other children his age. It is likely that he has an overactive .
Pituitary gland
Pancreas
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
A patient has severe epileptic seizures that are unresponsive to medication. Which of the following is a potential treatment?
Severing the corpus callosum.
Lesioning Broca’s area.
Dividing the temporal lobe on the left side of the brain.
Implanting electrodes to stimulate the amygdala.
As a general rule, people are able to speak their native language due to the proper functioning of which area of the brain?
Wernicke’s Area
Hobb’s Area
Jacobson’s Area
Broca’s Area
A friend of yours wants to learn more about hemispheric differences in response to environmental influences. Your friend is broadly interested in _______________________________.
Neurogenesis
Adaptability
Lateralization
Plasticity
Hua is interested in activating his mirror neurons as he tries to learn a new skill. What should he do?
He should spend extra time reading about playing the guitar.
He should spend extra time practicing the guitar on his own.
He should spend extra time watching others play the guitar.
He should spend extra time reflecting on his understanding of playing the guitar.
Esteban can easily tell the difference between his girlfriend’s voice and that of his mother thanks to the functioning of his .
Temporal lobes
Frontal lobes
Occipital lobes
Parietal lobes
A doctor is concerned about a patient who has recently begun showing signs of memory loss. Which area of the patient’s brain should the doctor examine?
Their medulla
Their hippocampus
Their reticular formation
Their hypothalamus
The peripheral nervous system connects the spinal cord and brain with which other parts of the body?
Sensory organs and muscles
Sensory organs and glands
Muscles and glands
Sensory organs, glands, and muscles
Neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or brain are called .
Motor Neurons
Sensory Neurons
Interneurons
Glial Cells
Pores or openings on the tongue that contain cells sensitive to different flavors are called .
Taste buds
Sensory buds
Taste receptors
Flavor sensors
To produce the experience of smell, your nose must transmit information to the brain via the .
Ocular nerve
Auditory nerve
Gustatory nerve
Olfactory nerve
Byron is a bodybuilder lifting weights at his local gym. He can currently lift 200 pounds, but he probably would not notice a difference in the amount of weight he is lifting unless it was greater than four pounds. This example illustrates .
Freud’s thesis
Jung’s hypothesis
Bandura’s maxim
Weber's Law
The highness or lowness of a sound, which corresponds to the frequency of the sound wave, is called .
Volume
Audition
Pitch
Amplitude
The minimal difference in the magnitude of energy needed for people to detect a difference between two stimuli is called the ______________________________.
Difference threshold
Relative threshold
Minimum receptivity
Absolute threshold
People with normal color vision who can discern all the colors of the visual spectrum are called .
Chromaotypes
Trichromats
Monochromats
Dichromats
Sensory receptors are:
Neurons that carry electrical signals from sensory organs to the spinal cord.
Specialized nerve cells that detect sensory stimuli and convert them into neural impulses.
Sensory organs such as the eyes and ears.
Specialized nerve cells that are only sensitive to pain and heat.
The process by which the lens changes its shape to focus images more clearly on the retina is called ______________________________.
Accommodation
Refraction
Reflection
Dispersion
Carmella finds herself tuning out distractions as her psychology professor explains a key concept. What is Carmella engaging in?
Selective attention
Divided attention
Sensory adaptation
Habituation
While Ralph passively acquires information about his environment from his sense organs, his brain interprets this information through which process?
Perception
Sensation
Realization
Anticipation
Cues for depth that can be perceived by each eye alone, such as relative size and interposition, are known as what?
Anocular cues
Monocular cues
Trinocular cues
Binocular cues
A mode of perceptual processing in which the brain recognizes meaningful patterns by piecing together bits and pieces of sensory information is known as what?
Inner-outer processing
Left-right processing
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
Lupita is able to recognize the location of her arms while swimming with a blindfold on. This is due to her sense of what?
Kinesthesia
Neurasthenia
Aphasia
Alexithymia
The sense that keeps us informed about our balance and the position of our body in space is called what?
Cerebellar sense
Temporal sense
Vestibular sense
Cerebral sense
Emily is interested in determining her absolute threshold for noticing sounds. If she wants to construct a test of her absolute threshold, she should:
see if she can notice the difference in loudness after turning down the volume on her speakers by only one notch.
attempt to recognize the differences in tone between popular music and classical music.
play a series of sounds at softer and softer levels until she is no longer able to hear anything.
compare the differences between sounds with loud pitches and sounds with medium pitches.
The belief that a mechanism in the spinal cord opens to allow pain messages to reach the brain and closes to shut them out is called the ______________________________.
Gate-Control Theory of pain
Spinal-Fixed Theory of pain
Cerebral-Nexus Theory of pain
Hindbrain-Linked Theory of pain
Experiences of touch, pressure, warmth, cold, and pain that involve stimulation of receptors beneath the skin are known as .
Chemical senses
Proprioceptive senses
Gustatory sensations
Skin senses
After sitting near an air conditioner for a while, Abraham hardly notices the sound. His reduced sensitivity reflects the principle of .
Difference threshold
Sensory adaptation
Perceptual bias
Perceptual constancy
What term describes the process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli from the outside world to create sensory experiences?
Sensation
Threshold
Knowledge
Perception
Which tendency reflects the human ability to maintain stable impressions of an object's actual size, regardless of its distance from the observer?
Shape constancy
Size constancy
Color constancy
Perceptual constancy
A state of awareness characterized by wandering thoughts or mental imagery is called ______________________________.
Drifting Consciousness
Focused Awareness
Divided Consciousness
Deep Sleep
After drinking for years, Miguel notices that he now requires more alcohol to achieve the same “buzz” as he used to. Regarding alcohol, Miguel has likely developed .
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Intoxication
Dependence
Drugs such as alcohol and barbiturates, which dampen central nervous system activity, are known as .
Depressants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Narcotics
Binge drinking is usually defined as:
Two or more drinks for men and women.
Two or more drinks for men and three or more drinks for women.
Four or more drinks for men and five or more drinks for women.
Five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women.
Which stimulant is the most widely used psychoactive drug?
Cocaine
Caffeine
Nicotine
Amphetamine
A mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, difficulty in focusing attention, and excitable behavior is called ______________________________.
Anxiety
Delirium
Delusion
Hallucination
After experiencing a near-overdose, Tristan has been placed in a program designed to eliminate all traces of addictive substances from his system. Tristan is undergoing .
Remediation
Defenestration
Detoxification
Repudiation
Leeza finds herself engrossed in her favorite pastime, knitting. Leeza’s experience most clearly matches experiences of .
Focused Awareness
Deep Learning
Immersion
Explicit Engagement
A process of focused attention that induces a relaxed, contemplative state is known as ______________________________.
Meditation
Examination
Observation
Awareness-Building
Madison frequently wakes up in a cold sweat with a strong sensation of fear. However, she has trouble linking her fear to any particular dream. Madison likely has which type of sleep-wake disorder?
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea
Night Terror
Insomnia
Sota can often be found wandering around his house at night in a state of reduced awareness but is unable to remember his nightly wanderings. Sota likely experiences which sleep-wake disorder?
Sleepwalking Disorder
Narcolepsy
Deep-Dream Disorder
Insomnia
Airi attempts to wake her mother while she is in Stage 4 sleep. Which of the following is most likely to happen?
Her mother will be incredibly difficult to wake up.
Her mother will wake up rather easily.
Her mother will not wake up until her sleep cycle resets.
Her mother will wake up and begin describing a dream she was having.
Which stage of sleep most closely resembles waking brain activity?
Stage 1 Sleep
Stage 2 Sleep
Stage 3 Sleep
REM Sleep
Sofia would like to observe a subject’s sleep throughout all sleep stages, or one full sleep cycle. What is the minimum amount of time she should plan to observe her subject?
30 minutes
50 minutes
70 minutes
90 minutes
According to Freud, the true underlying meaning of a dream, disguised in the form of dream symbols, is known as .
Latent Content
Manifest Content
Unconscious Content
Subconscious Content
The state of being aware of ourselves and the world around us is called .
Consciousness
A Conscience
Sensation
Perception
Rachelle attempts to work on her calculus homework while listening to her favorite podcast. Rachelle is engaging in which state of consciousness?
Unfocused Engagement
Drifting Awareness
Daydreaming
Divided Consciousness
During winter, bears often hibernate and sleep for days or weeks at a time, preserving their energy. The act of hibernation best represents which function of sleep?
Protection
Conservation
Restoration
Consolidation
Lin is explaining the activation-synthesis hypothesis to a classmate. Which of the following statements about the role of the cerebral cortex in the activation-synthesis hypothesis is true?
The cerebral cortex creates a story based on random activity in its own regions.
The cerebral cortex creates a story based on random activity in other parts of the brain.
The cerebral cortex is less active than other parts of the brain to allow those areas to refresh themselves.
The cerebral cortex is less active than other parts of the brain to stimulate those areas more directly.
Forms of awareness during wakefulness that are different from a person’s usual waking state are known as .
Daydreaming
Disrupted States of Consciousness
Altered States of Consciousness
Divided Attention
