WorksheetsChapter 12 Principles of Pharmacology
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
An example of an anti-inflammatory is:
Narcan
Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin
In _ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner:
EMT-Administered
Paramedic-Administered
Peer-Assisted
Patient-Assisted
To reverse the effects of a narcotic overdose you should:
Epi-pen
Narcan
Advil
Tylenol
Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:
Directly into the muscle tissue
Through the mucosa under the tongue
Below the first layer of muscle
Between the skin and the muscle
After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):
Unpredictable effect
Adverse effect
Untoward effect
Therapeutic effect
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:
Check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current
Administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress
Contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did
Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication
Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?
The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route
The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug
The adult auto-injector delivers 0.1 to 1 mg of epinephrine
EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector
You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and take nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:
Ensure that the patient's systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg because aspirin dilates the blood vessels and can cause a drop in blood pressure
Contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patient's chief complain and vital signs, and request permission to give him aspirin
Confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given
Assist the patient in taking one of his prescribed nitroglycerins, assess his vital signs, and give him aspirin if he is still experiencing chest discomfort.
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan) in a suspected narcotic overdose?
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Slow respirations
Extreme agitation
A medication with antagonistic properties is one that:
Stimulates receptor sites and allows other chemicals to attach to them
Produces a cumulative effect when mixed with the same type if medication
Enhanced the effects of another medication when given in a higher dose
Blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them
EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient:
Has a low blood glucose level
Overdosed on an opioid drug
Experienced a prolonged seizure
Has a history of allergic reactions
Which of the following is an example of a trade (brand) name of a drug?
Nitroglycerin
Furosemide
Ibuprofen
Tylenol
You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:
Place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route
Administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital
Immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal
Notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient
A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:
Sublingual route
Inhalation route
Intranasal route
Transdermal route
For which of the following conditions is albuterol prescribed?
Allergic reactions
Hypertension
Heart disease
Asthma
With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _ oxygen.
34%
24%
14%
44%
When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer:
A minimum of 2.5 mg
At least 2 mL into each nostril
A half dose into each nostril
A maximum of 0.5 mL
The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as:
The study of drug excretion from the human body
The study of how medications affect the brain
The study of drugs and their actions on the body
The study of drugs that are produced illegally
A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it:
Produces actions other than the desired ones
Is used to treat a multitude of conditions
May cause harm or has no positive effect
Is used to treat a specific medical condition
Medication encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called:
Capsules
Tablets
Caplets
Pills
Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption?
Rectal
Oral
Inhalation
Sublingual
The medical term for a low blood glucose level is:
Hypotension
Hypertension
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or fentanyl patch?
Transcutaneous
Subcutaneous
Intraosseous
Sublingual
Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct?
MDIs are contraindicated for patients with asthma or emphysema
An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used
Shaking an MDI prior to use will cause deactivation of the medication
MDIs are most commonly used by patients with cardiovascular disease
Separation is especially an issue with medicine used as a(n):
Suspension
Solution
Gel
Elixir
A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should:
Administer one nitroglycerin and call medical control
Place him in a supine position and transport at once
Ask him if he took his Viagra within the last 24 hours
Obtain physician approval to give nitroglycerin
Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?
Intramuscular
Intraosseous
Transcutaneous
Subcutaneous
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine?
Decreases heart rate and blood pressure
Constricts the blood vessels
Dilates passages in the lungs
Secreted naturally by the adrenal glands
Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?
The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient
The EMT accidentally gives a higher dose than what is indicated
The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route
The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director
When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Nexium, and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over the counter?
Lasix
Nexium
Isordil
Digoxin
When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:
Reactive airway disease
Bacterial infection
Cardiovascular disease
Non-insulin dependent diabetes
You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?
Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance
Give her half the does of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed
Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route
Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly
What medication form does oral glucose come in?
Gel
Fine Powder
Liquid
Suspension
EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:
Naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient
Naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow
Naloxone should be administered in increments of 2 mg
The effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs
Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:
Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask
Wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure
Transport her in a sitting position
Place her in a supine position
A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administrating supplemental oxygen, if needed, and contacting medical control, you should:
Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg
Administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours
Being immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit
Administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure
Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?
Intravenous (IV)
Sublingual (SL)
Intramuscular (IM)
Subcutaneous (SC)
The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called:
Digestion
Absorption
Adsorption
Suspension
Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?
Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects
Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications
Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system
Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally
How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?
Orally
Injected
Sublingually
Inhaled
Which of the following is an example of a generic of a drug?
Advil
Excedrin
Bayer
Aspirin
While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:
Administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect
Give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose
Withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place
Give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure
The _ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.
Type
Form
Name
Class
Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:
Increases blood return to the right atrium
Increases myocardial contraction force
Constricts the veins throughout the body
Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries
A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:
Give her high-flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport
Assist her in taking one more of her nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport
Recall that geriatric patients often take multiple medication and that interactions can occur with potentially negative effects
Transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin
An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:
The patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke
Transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes
Authorization from medical control has been obtained
The patient is currently experiencing hypotension
Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication:
Nitrostat
Aspirin
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date, you should:
Administer the drug
Request an ALS ambulance to administer the drug
Ask her if she takes other medications
Contact medical control
Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:
Dissolves the coronary artery clot
Causes direct coronary vasodilation
Prevents the aggregation of platelets
Reduces the associated chest pain
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic
Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream
Glucose is usually administered by the EMTY via the intravenous route
Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the cells
