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WorksheetsUnit 3 Bioscience/Biotech
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 47mins
Proteins are large polymers made up of:
The ___________ structure in the organization of proteins is caused by hydrogen bonding between hydrogens on amino groups and oxygens from carboxyl groups farther along the chain.
Which organelle is involved in joining amino acids to form a polypeptide chain?
Much of the DNA of cells contains instructions to build proteins. Why are proteins so important?
The process of building an mRNA molecule from the DNA molecule is called:
Biomanufactured enzymes are often used in food production. How are these enzymes manufactured?
What enzyme is used in the food industry to modify oil and fat?
What is a technique to detect a specific antigen or antibody?
Why do domesticated animals produce antibodies in response to nonself antigens?
Which of the following is a true statement related to antigen testing?
Cross-reactivity occurs when the reaction of an antibody is to an identical antigen.
Most antibody-antigen reactions are very specific.
Specificity is the tendency of an antibody to bind with many antigens.
The greater the affinity, the less stable the reaction and the harder it is to detect.
When testing enzyme activity, what would happen if the level of substrate concentration were reduced?
What is a lab method that uses electrical currents to separate proteins from each other?
SDS-PAGE
What happens to the antibodies in an immunoassay kit if specific proteins (antigens) are being tested?
Change color
Change temperature
Become denatured
Release oxygen
Bioprocessing a protein often involves growing cells in carefully controlled environments using containers called ________.
Misty uses a chemical compound to break down proteins in a sample. She is most likely using:
Proteins developed by the immune system that recognize foreign molecules
What does amylase do?
X-ray crystallography was used to determine the complex ____________ structures of proteins
linear-primary
three-dimensional-tertiary
In an ELISA assay, ________ and ________ are added to facilitate a color change.
enzyme, substrate
This reagent detects the presence of peptide bonds in order to determine if there are proteins in a sample
ELISA
Which of the following techniques is designed for separating and purifying proteins according to their size?
Which of the following techniques uses an electrical current to separate and analyze proteins according to their size and charge?
How does heat denature proteins?
It breaks bonds involved in the folding of the proteins.
It forces the creation of extra hydrogen bonds.
It causes proteins to become tightly coiled and rigid.
It oxidizes carbon atoms in the amino acid groups.
What is the maximum dilution that gives visible agglutination called?
avidity
titer
epitope
guttation
When are proteins functional?
when a catalyst is present
when in their folded configuration
when in their primary configuration
when the hydrogen bonds break
How are chemical reactions in living things catalyzed?
by collagens
by enzymes
by hormones
by substrates
What protein structure refers to the order and type of amino acids found in a polypeptide?
The structure of a protein resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide chains
Biomanufactured enzymes are often used in food production. How are these enzymes manufactured?
they are extracted from plant sources
they are grown from enzymatic seeds
they are harvested from natural sources
they are made from transgenic bacteria and fungi
What is the strength of the reaction between the reactive sites on the antibody and antigen?
affinity
agglutination
avidity
hemagglutination
What is the primary function of an antigen?
To identify cells as self or nonself.
What is a process used to obtain higher purity of proteins that involves running the protein mixture through a column of material that will allow the proteins to be separated as they flow through?
If the 20 different amino acids have the same basic chemical arrangement, what causes them to be different?
Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down:
What does amylase do?
Breaks down starch
Breaks down proteins
Speeds up the chemical reactions
Breaks down fat
Which recombinant protein is widely used to digest milk proteins for making cheeses?
Casein
Chymosin (rennet)
Erythropoietin
DNA ligase
Bioprocessing a protein often involves growing cells in carefully controlled environments using containers called ________.
Bioreactors
Proteomes
Centrifuges
Chromatography
What is recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) used for?
to increase milk production in dairy cattle
to increase the size of newborn calves
to prevent horns from forming on calves
to produce high quality cheese at a lower price
Electrophoresis is a process which enables the sorting of molecules based on size. In the process, agarose gels are submerged in a solution, which conducts electric current and controls the pH of the solution during electrophoresis. How is this solution classified?
solute
reagent
concentrate
buffer
What would be used to detect the presence of soluble proteins?
acid
reagent
base
buffer
What product was one of the first practical applications of bioengineering?
Insulin
cellulosic ethanol
cloned dairy cattle
strawberries engineered to remain on the shelf longer
What enzyme used in the food industry modifies oil and fat?
Alpha helices and β-pleated sheets represent the ________ structure of a protein.
Messenger RNA was discovered in 1961 by:
Louis Pasteur
Walter Gilbert
Khorana and Nirenberg
An advantage of using bacterial cells to express proteins is that ________.
Why are mammals like goats and cows often the best choice for producing certain human proteins?
They can produce them in the milk without harming the animal
The proteins grow best in mammal hair
Bacteria reproduce too slowly to be effective
They are easier to raise than reptiles
Label the parts of the enzyme model
Match the following Enzyme Concepts
Enzyme
A protein that Speeds Up Chemical Reactions
Active Site
The Place where the Enzyme matches with the Substrate
Substrate
Material enzyme is going to do work on
Protein
The biomolecule enzymes are made of
It takes more/less energy to do work when enzymes are present....
Less, work is done faster (More Helpers)
The order of (a) determines the (b) of a protein which determines the (c) of a protein
Label the Following Diagram
Amino acid
Protein
Codon
Anticodon
DNA
mRNA
Ribosome
tRNA
Label the diagram of transcription provided.
A mutation occurs that creates a new DNA sequence. DNA: TAC-TCG GGA. What amino acid sequence would this produce? (a)
Click on the place where TRANSLATION is happening
The mRNA leaves the (a) to find the ribosome to make proteins.
The diagram shows a cellular process in which a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid gives rise to a single-stranded molecule of nucleic acid. Place the terms that correctly describe the process: (a) is (b) into (c)
In what part of the cell does translation occur?
What does transgenic mean?
An organism that can change its genes at will
A stem cell that can differentiate into anything
An organism that has had another species' DNA put in it
A bacteria that reproduces asexually
________ are used to ________ DNA pieces by ________
Restriction enzymes, connect, fission
Restriction enzymes, isolate, "snipping"
Plasmids, connect, fission
Plasmids, isolate, "snipping"
The GloFish was created using which type of biotechnology?
genetic engineering
cloning
artificial selection
Label the parts of the monomer
amino group
carboxyl group
side chain
central carbon
The shape of DNA is called a (a)
tRNA
type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
mRNA
type of RNA that carries instructions from the DNA to the ribosome
rRNA
type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
