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Chapter 3. Biological Macromolecules 1- 30

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Understand ________ synthesis. (Fill in the blank)

a)

macromolecule

b)

micromolecule

c)

atom

d)

ion

2.

Explain ________ (or condensation) and hydrolysis reactions. (Fill in the blank)

a)

dehydration

b)

oxidation

c)

sublimation

d)

fermentation

3.

Discuss the role of ________ in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals and plants.

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

enzymes

4.

Explain ________ classifications.

a)

carbohydrate

b)

protein

c)

lipid

d)

vitamin

5.

List common ________, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. (Fill in the blank)

a)

monosaccharides

b)

lipids

c)

nucleotides

d)

amino acids

6.

Describe the four major types of ________.

a)

lipids

b)

proteins

c)

carbohydrates

d)

nucleic acids

7.

Explain the role of fats in storing ________.

a)

energy

b)

oxygen

c)

protein

d)

vitamins

8.

Differentiate between ________ and unsaturated fatty acids.

a)

saturated

b)

monounsaturated

c)

polyunsaturated

d)

trans

9.

Describe ________ and their role in cells.

a)

phospholipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

nucleic acids

d)

enzymes

10.

Define the basic structure of a ________ and some steroid functions.

a)

steroid

b)

protein

c)

carbohydrate

d)

nucleic acid

11.

Explain how ________ helps maintain the plasma membrane's fluid nature.

a)

cholesterol

b)

glucose

c)

hemoglobin

d)

cellulose

12.

Describe the functions ________ perform in the cell and in tissues. (Fill in the blank)

a)

proteins

b)

carbohydrates

c)

lipids

d)

nucleic acids

13.

Discuss the relationship between ________ and proteins. (Fill in the blank)

a)

amino acids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

lipids

d)

nucleic acids

14.

Explain the four levels of ________ organization.

a)

protein

b)

carbohydrate

c)

lipid

d)

nucleic acid

15.

Describe the ways in which protein ________ and function are linked.

a)

shape

b)

color

c)

weight

d)

temperature

16.

Describe nucleic acids' structure and define the two types of ________ acids. (Fill in the blank)

a)

nucleic

b)

amino

c)

fatty

d)

carboxylic

17.

Explain DNA's structure and ________.

a)

role

b)

color

c)

taste

d)

weight

18.

Explain RNA's structure and ________.

a)

roles

b)

colors

c)

flavors

d)

weights

19.

What raw materials make buildings, roads, and infrastructure possible?

a)

Raw materials such as sand, metal, and clay make buildings, roads, and infrastructure possible.

b)

Raw materials such as cotton, wool, and silk make buildings, roads, and infrastructure possible.

c)

Raw materials such as sugar, salt, and pepper make buildings, roads, and infrastructure possible.

d)

Raw materials such as paper, ink, and glue make buildings, roads, and infrastructure possible.

20.

Just like a city is built from raw materials like sand, metal, and clay, living organisms are built from how many major types of macromolecules?

a)

Four

b)

Two

c)

Five

d)

Six

21.

What are the four major classes of macromolecules?

a)

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

b)

Sugars, Starches, Enzymes, Hormones

c)

Vitamins, Minerals, Water, Fiber

d)

Amino acids, Fatty acids, Glucose, DNA

22.

Which of the following is NOT a major class of biological macromolecules?

a)

A) Carbohydrates

b)

B) Lipids

c)

C) Proteins

d)

D) Vitamins

23.

All organic molecules contain which element?

a)

Carbon

b)

Oxygen

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Hydrogen

24.

Organic molecules may also contain which of the following elements?

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Nitrogen

d)

All of the above

25.

True or False: All organic molecules contain carbon.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

What does it mean for a molecule to be 'organic'?

a)

It contains carbon (C) bonded to hydrogen (H)

b)

It contains only oxygen (O)

c)

It is made only by humans

d)

It contains only nitrogen (N)

27.

Organic molecules often include which of the following elements?

a)

Oxygen (O)

b)

Nitrogen (N)

c)

Phosphorus (P)

d)

Sulfur (S)

e)

All of the above

28.

Organic molecules are made by or found in _________.

a)

living organisms

b)

rocks

c)

metals

d)

plastics

29.

Why is carbon uniquely versatile in forming molecules?

a)

It can form 2 stable covalent bonds

b)

It can form 4 stable covalent bonds

c)

It cannot form covalent bonds

d)

It only forms ionic bonds

30.

Carbon acts like a ________ that other atoms and functional groups can attach to.

a)

backbone

b)

enzyme

c)

solvent

d)

ligand

31.

Carbon can form which of the following structures?

a)

Chains

b)

Branches

c)

Rings

d)

All of the above

32.

Match the functional group to its property:

a)

Polar

1.

Polar

b)

Nonpolar

2.

Nonpolar

c)

Polar

3.

Polar

d)

Charged, ionizes to release H+, considered acidic

4.

Charged, ionizes to release H+, considered acidic

e)

Charged, accepts H+ to form NH3+, considered basic

5.

Charged, accepts H+ to form NH3+, considered basic

33.

Which functional group is nonpolar?

a)

Hydroxyl

b)

Methyl

c)

Carbonyl

d)

Sulfhydryl

34.

Which functional group is charged and considered acidic because it ionizes to release H+?

a)

Carboxyl

b)

Amino

c)

Sulfhydryl

d)

Methyl

35.

Which functional group is charged and considered basic because it accepts H+ to form NH3+?

a)

Carboxyl

b)

Amino

c)

Phosphate

d)

Hydroxyl

36.

Fill in the blank: ________ are the smallest subunit of larger molecules that are polymers.

a)

Monomers

b)

Polymers

c)

Ions

d)

Atoms

37.

Fill in the blank: ________ are large molecules made by covalently bonding many monomers.

a)

Polymers

b)

Ions

c)

Atoms

d)

Electrons

38.

What is dehydration synthesis?

a)

A reaction in which the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of another, releasing a molecule of water.

b)

A reaction in which water is absorbed by a polymer.

c)

A reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water.

d)

A reaction that forms a gas from two liquids.

39.

Fill in the blank: In dehydration synthesis, a water molecule is formed as two __________ are linked by a covalent bond.

a)

monosaccharides

b)

nucleotides

c)

fatty acids

d)

amino acids

40.

According to the diagram, what are the products when two glucose molecules undergo dehydration synthesis?

a)

Two glucose molecules

b)

Maltose and water

c)

Glucose and oxygen

d)

Maltose and carbon dioxide

41.

Dehydration synthesis is also described as 'to put together while losing water.'

a)

True

b)

False

42.

What is hydrolysis?

a)

A reaction in which a water molecule is used to break down polymers into monomers

b)

A reaction in which monomers are joined to form polymers

c)

A reaction that does not involve water

d)

A reaction that produces energy

43.

Fill in the blank: Hydrolysis means "to split with _____."

a)

water

b)

fire

c)

air

d)

light

44.

During hydrolysis, one molecule gains the ______ atoms and the other gains a ______ molecule from a split water molecule.

a)

hydrogen; hydroxyl

b)

oxygen; hydrogen

c)

hydroxyl; oxygen

d)

carbon; hydrogen

45.

What is the result of adding H2O to the disaccharide maltose in the hydrolysis reaction shown?

a)

Two glucose monomers are formed

b)

A larger polymer is formed

c)

No change occurs

d)

Energy is released

46.

Dehydration synthesis can be defined as:

a)

A process where two molecules join together by removing a water molecule.

b)

A process where water is added to break a molecule apart.

c)

A process where energy is released by breaking chemical bonds.

d)

A process where oxygen is added to a molecule.

47.

Hydrolysis can be defined as:

a)

A chemical reaction where water is used to break down a compound.

b)

A process where heat is used to combine two substances.

c)

A reaction where oxygen is removed from a molecule.

d)

A method of forming a solid from a solution.

48.

Identify what is released or consumed in each reaction.

a)

Energy and matter are released or consumed.

b)

Only heat is released in all reactions.

c)

No substances are released or consumed.

d)

Only light is consumed in each reaction.

49.

Carbohydrates are found in which of the following? Select the correct answer.

a)

Meat and dairy

b)

Grains, fruits, and vegetables

c)

Fish and eggs

d)

Oils and fats

50.

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?

a)

Provide energy to the body in the form of glucose

b)

Build and repair body tissues

c)

Regulate body temperature

d)

Aid in the absorption of vitamins

51.

Carbohydrates are represented by the general formula (CH2O)n.

a)

True

b)

False

52.

The ratio of Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen in carbohydrates is ________.

a)

1:2:1

b)

2:1:2

c)

1:1:2

d)

2:2:1

53.

Which of the following is a main subtype of carbohydrates?

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic acids

54.

What is the simplest carbohydrate called?

a)

Disaccharide

b)

Monosaccharide

c)

Polysaccharide

d)

Oligosaccharide

55.

Monosaccharides usually have how many carbons?

a)

2-5

b)

3-7

c)

6-10

d)

8-12

56.

Monosaccharides end with the suffix _____

a)

-ose

b)

-ase

c)

-ine

d)

-ate

57.

Which functional group do monosaccharides contain?

a)

Hydroxyl (OH)

b)

Amino (NH2)

c)

Carbonyl (C=O)

d)

Carboxyl (COOH)

58.

What is the molecular formula for the structural isomers glucose, galactose, and fructose?

a)

C6H12O6

b)

C5H10O5

c)

C7H14O7

d)

C6H10O6

59.

Glucose is an important source of _____

a)

energy

b)

protein

c)

vitamin

d)

fiber

60.

Galactose is part of _____

a)

lactose/milk sugar

b)

sucrose/table sugar

c)

starch

d)

cellulose

61.

Fructose is part of _____

a)

sucrose/fruit sugar

b)

starch

c)

cellulose

d)

glycogen

62.

Which type of monosaccharide has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain?

a)

A) Aldose

b)

B) Ketose

63.

What are isomers?

a)

Molecules with different molecular formulas and different structures

b)

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

c)

Molecules with the same structure and same molecular formula

d)

Molecules with different atoms

64.

Which of the following is a structural isomer of glucose?

a)

Galactose

b)

Fructose

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above

65.

A stereoisomer of glucose has the same structure and functional groups, but atoms are oriented differently in _________.

a)

3D space

b)

the nucleus

c)

the cytoplasm

d)

the cell wall

66.

Based on the diagram, which molecule is a stereoisomer of glucose?

a)

Glucose

b)

Galactose

c)

Fructose

d)

None of the above

67.

Which functional group position change distinguishes fructose from glucose?

a)

A) Ketone vs. aldehyde

b)

B) Alcohol vs. ketone

c)

C) Aldehyde vs. alcohol

d)

D) None of the above

68.

Disaccharides form when two ______ are linked in a dehydration reaction. (Fill in the blank)

a)

monosaccharides

b)

polysaccharides

c)

nucleotides

d)

fatty acids

69.

Which of the following is formed when glucose and fructose combine?

a)

Maltose

b)

Sucrose

c)

Lactose

d)

Cellulose

70.

What type of bond joins two monomers in a disaccharide?

a)

Peptide bond

b)

Glycosidic bond

c)

Hydrogen bond

d)

Ionic bond

71.

A glycosidic linkage is a bond formed by a ______ reaction between two monosaccharides with the elimination of a water molecule. (Fill in the blank)

a)

dehydration

b)

hydrolysis

c)

oxidation

d)

reduction

72.

The formation of sucrose results in a ______ glycosidic linkage.

a)

1,2

b)

1,4

c)

2,6

d)

1,6

73.

Refer to the diagram showing the formation of sucrose. Which carbon atoms are involved in the glycosidic linkage?

a)

Carbon 1 in glucose and carbon 2 in fructose

b)

Carbon 2 in glucose and carbon 1 in fructose

c)

Carbon 1 in both glucose and fructose

d)

Carbon 2 in both glucose and fructose

74.

Maltose is also known as ________ (grain sugar).

a)

maltose

b)

sucrose

c)

lactose

d)

fructose

75.

Lactose is also known as ________ (milk sugar).

a)

lactose

b)

glucose

c)

sucrose

d)

fructose

76.

Sucrose is also known as ________.

a)

sucrose

b)

glucose

c)

fructose

d)

lactose

77.

How are all common disaccharides created?

a)

By formation of ionic bonds

b)

By formation of covalent glycosidic linkages

c)

By hydrogen bonding

d)

By van der Waals forces

78.

What are polysaccharides?

a)

Short chain of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages

b)

Long chain of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages

c)

Long chain of disaccharides joined by peptide bonds

d)

Short chain of monosaccharides joined by peptide bonds

79.

Polysaccharides may be ______ or unbranched.

a)

branched

b)

linear

c)

cyclic

d)

ionic

80.

Polysaccharides may consist of multiple types of ________.

a)

monosaccharides

b)

lipids

c)

nucleotides

d)

amino acids

81.

The molecular weight of polysaccharides could be greater than ______ daltons.

a)

10,000

b)

1,000

c)

100,000

d)

100

82.

Which of the following are primary examples of polysaccharides?

a)

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin

b)

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

c)

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose

d)

DNA and RNA

83.

What is the most abundant natural biopolymer?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Chitin

c)

Starch

d)

Keratin

84.

Cellulose mostly comprises which part of a plant?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Nucleus

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Vacuole

85.

What is the main function of cellulose in a plant's cell wall?

a)

It provides structural support.

b)

It stores genetic information.

c)

It aids in photosynthesis.

d)

It transports water and nutrients.

86.

Wood and paper are mostly _______ in nature.

a)

cellulosic

b)

proteinaceous

c)

metallic

d)

plastic

87.

Glucose monomers comprise cellulose that β 1-4 glycosidic bonds link.

a)

True

b)

False

88.

What type of bonds hold the glucose chains together in cellulose?

a)

Hydrogen bonds

b)

Ionic bonds

c)

Peptide bonds

d)

Disulfide bonds

89.

Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, and others) have an outer skeleton called the exoskeleton. What is the exoskeleton composed of?

a)

Protein

b)

Cellulose

c)

Chitin

d)

Keratin

90.

Chitin contains nitrogen.

a)

True

b)

False

91.

Fill in the blank: Chitin is also a major component of ______ cell walls.

a)

fungal

b)

plant

c)

bacterial

d)

algal

92.

Which of the following statements is true about chitin?

a)

It is found in plant cell walls

b)

It is a protein

c)

It is a polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons

d)

It does not contain nitrogen

93.

What are lipids?

a)

A) A type of protein

b)

B) A diverse group of non-polar hydrocarbons

c)

C) A type of carbohydrate

d)

D) A type of nucleic acid

94.

Non-polar hydrocarbons are ________ (water-fearing).

a)

hydrophobic

b)

hydrophilic

c)

amphipathic

d)

ionic

95.

Hydrophobic lipids in aquatic mammals' fur protect them from the elements.

a)

True

b)

False

96.

Which of the following is a function of lipids?

a)

Short-term energy storage

b)

Long-term energy stores

c)

Provide structure to DNA

d)

Transport oxygen in blood

97.

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

a)

Provide insulation from environment for plants and animals

b)

Serve as building blocks for some hormones

c)

Important component of cellular membranes

d)

Synthesize proteins

98.

Name one function of lipids in living organisms.

a)

Long-term energy stores (other acceptable answers: Provide insulation, Serve as building blocks for hormones, Important component of cellular membranes)

b)

Catalyze chemical reactions

c)

Store genetic information

d)

Transport oxygen in the blood

99.

List any two types of lipids.

a)

Fats, Oils

b)

Glucose, Starch

c)

Amino acids, Proteins

d)

Cellulose, Hemoglobin

100.

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

a)

Fats

b)

Oils

c)

Proteins

d)

Steroids

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