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Geomorphology Quiz

Total questions: 122

Worksheet time: 2hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which type of weathering involves breakdown of rocks without chemical change?

a)

Mechanical weathering

b)

Chemical weathering

c)

Biological weathering

d)

Hydrolysis

2.

Exfoliation domes are produced mainly by:

a)

Hydration

b)

Thermal expansion and contraction

c)

Hydrolysis

d)

Oxidation

3.

Rusting of iron minerals is an example of:

a)

Carbonation

b)

Oxidation

c)

Solution

d)

Hydration

4.

The chemical weathering process involving reaction with carbonic acid is:

a)

Solution

b)

Carbonation

c)

Oxidation

d)

Exfoliation

5.

Which weathering dominates in humid tropics?

a)

Mechanical

b)

Chemical

c)

Frost action

d)

Salt weathering

6.

Frost action is effective in:

a)

Equatorial areas

b)

Desert areas

c)

Polar & high mountains

d)

Coastal plains

7.

Which mineral is most resistant to weathering?

a)

Feldspar

b)

Quartz

c)

Pyroxene

d)

Olivine

8.

Laterite soil develops by:

a)

Mechanical disintegration

b)

Leaching of silica in humid tropics

c)

Glacial till deposition

d)

Aeolian deposition

9.

Spheroidal weathering produces:

a)

Honeycomb rocks

b)

Rounded boulders

c)

Talus cones

d)

Loess

10.

Biological weathering includes:

a)

Plant root penetration

b)

Animal burrowing

c)

Lichen acid attack

d)

All of the above

11.

Salt weathering is most common in:

a)

Arid regions & coasts

b)

Humid tropics

c)

Glacial valleys

d)

River deltas

12.

Which process turns feldspar into kaolinite clay?

a)

Carbonation

b)

Hydrolysis

c)

Oxidation

d)

Exfoliation

13.

Chelation in weathering is caused by:

a)

Acid rain

b)

Organic acids from vegetation

c)

Frost action

d)

Insolation

14.

Talus slopes result from:

a)

Exfoliation

b)

Rockfall due to frost weathering

c)

Salt weathering

d)

Hydrolysis

15.

Onion-skin weathering is another name for:

a)

Salt weathering

b)

Exfoliation

c)

Frost action

d)

Oxidation

16.

Which climatic condition favors both mechanical & chemical weathering?

a)

Hot & dry

b)

Cold & dry

c)

Warm & moist

d)

Hot & cold daily variation

17.

Which of the following is in-situ decomposition of rocks?

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Mass wasting

d)

Transportation

18.

Which factor does not influence the rate of weathering?

a)

Climate

b)

Rock type

c)

Biological activity

d)

Earth’s rotation speed

19.

Which type of weathering is dominant in deserts?

a)

Frost action

b)

Salt weathering & insolation

c)

Carbonation

d)

Hydrolysis

20.

Which process explains “honeycomb weathering” on coastal rocks?

a)

Solution

b)

Salt weathering

c)

Frost shattering

d)

Biological action

21.

Erosion is different from weathering because it:

a)

Breaks down rocks in situ

b)

Involves removal and transportation of material

c)

Is only mechanical

d)

Happens only in deserts

22.

Sheet erosion means:

a)

Thin layers of topsoil washed away by water

b)

Deep channel cutting

c)

Wind removal of dust

d)

Rockfall

23.

Rill erosion differs from sheet erosion because:

a)

It involves wind

b)

It produces small channels

c)

It is chemical

d)

It is confined to coasts

24.

Gully erosion represents:

a)

Initial stage of sheet wash

b)

Advanced stage of rill erosion

c)

Chemical dissolution

d)

Glacier action

25.

The most powerful agent of erosion on Earth overall is:

a)

Wind

b)

Glaciers

c)

Rivers

d)

Groundwater

26.

Abrasion in rivers refers to:

a)

Solvent action of water

b)

Grinding of river bed by sediments

c)

Chemical attack by acids

d)

Freeze–thaw

27.

Attrition is:

a)

Wearing down of load particles by collision

b)

Freeze–thaw shattering

c)

Glacier plucking

d)

Wind deflation

28.

Hydraulic action refers to:

a)

Dissolving limestone

b)

Pressure of water breaking rock joints

c)

Sediment grinding

d)

Wind erosion

29.

Which erosion process rounds pebbles in a river?

a)

Hydraulic action

b)

Attrition

c)

Plucking

d)

Corrosion

30.

Headward erosion leads to:

a)

River capture (piracy)

b)

Formation of deltas

c)

Glacial moraines

d)

Salt flats

31.

Which landform results from vertical erosion in rivers?

a)

V-shaped valleys

b)

Deltas

c)

Oxbow lakes

d)

Loess deposits

32.

Which erosion agent dominates in deserts?

a)

Wind

b)

River

c)

Glacier

d)

Ice

33.

Which erosion agent is most effective in mountains?

a)

Glaciers

b)

Wind

c)

Rivers

d)

Groundwater

34.

Corrasion is another word for:

a)

Hydraulic pressure

b)

Abrasion by sediment load

c)

Oxidation

d)

Wind deflation

35.

Which process dominates in coastal cliff undercutting?

a)

Solution

b)

Hydraulic action & abrasion

c)

Frost shattering

d)

Aeolian action

36.

Which factor increases erosive power of rivers?

a)

Low slope

b)

Vegetation cover

c)

High velocity & discharge

d)

Ice cover

37.

Backwearing erosion creates:

a)

Retreating slopes/cliffs

b)

V-shaped valleys

c)

Floodplains

d)

Loess deposits

38.

Which agent forms badlands by gully erosion?

a)

Wind

b)

Groundwater

c)

Running water

d)

Ice

39.

Which is the main agent of erosion in karst regions?

a)

Solution by groundwater

b)

Wind abrasion

c)

Frost shattering

d)

Glaciers

40.

Plucking in glaciers refers to:

a)

Freezing of water at base tearing rocks away

b)

Grinding of debris at glacier bottom

c)

Wind polishing

d)

Soil erosion by water

41.

V-shaped valleys are most characteristic of which stage of a river?

a)

Upper course

b)

Middle course

c)

Lower course

d)

Delta

42.

Meanders are produced mainly by:

a)

Vertical erosion

b)

Lateral erosion and deposition

c)

Wind action

d)

Glacial plucking

43.

An oxbow lake forms due to:

a)

Cut-off of a meander loop

b)

Solution of limestone

c)

Glacier melting

d)

Aeolian deflation

44.

A braided river is characterized by:

a)

Multiple interlacing channels with islands

b)

Only one deep channel

c)

Underground flow

d)

Radial drainage

45.

An alluvial fan is formed where:

a)

A river enters a standing body of water

b)

A mountain stream enters a plain

c)

Wind drops its load

d)

Glacier melts

46.

Deltas form when:

a)

River enters a sea/lake and deposits load

b)

River flows in mountains

c)

Wind deposits silt

d)

Glacier spreads debris

47.

A river’s ultimate base level is:

a)

Water table

b)

Sea level

c)

Lake level

d)

Bedrock

48.

River terraces are formed by:

a)

Continuous lateral erosion

b)

River rejuvenation and downcutting

c)

Aeolian erosion

d)

Glacial plucking

49.

Natural levees are built by:

a)

Wind action

b)

River deposition during floods

c)

Glacier deposition

d)

Karst dissolution

50.

Potholes in riverbeds are produced by:

a)

Wind polishing

b)

Pea-sized load swirling in eddies

c)

Glacier abrasion

d)

Solution

51.

The largest delta in the world is:

a)

Mississippi Delta

b)

Amazon Delta

c)

Ganga–Brahmaputra Delta

d)

Nile Delta

52.

The youthful stage of a river is dominated by:

a)

Vertical erosion

b)

Deposition

c)

Lateral erosion

d)

Braiding

53.

Yazoo tributaries are:

a)

Streams flowing parallel to main river within levees

b)

Underground rivers in karst

c)

Disappearing streams

d)

Ephemeral desert streams

54.

Dendritic drainage develops on:

a)

Homogeneous rock structure

b)

Dome-shaped uplands

c)

Faulted terrain

d)

Limestone

55.

Radial drainage is common around:

a)

Domes & volcanoes

b)

Limestone plateaus

c)

Karst basins

d)

Coastal plains

56.

Rectangular drainage indicates:

a)

Uniform rock resistance

b)

Faulted/jointed rocks

c)

Volcanic landscape

d)

Deltaic plains

57.

River capture (piracy) happens due to:

a)

Headward erosion of one stream diverting another

b)

Glacier melting

c)

Karst sinkholes

d)

Wind erosion

58.

Floodplains are mainly a result of:

a)

River meandering and deposition

b)

Glacial till deposition

c)

Wind deflation

d)

Chemical weathering

59.

Point bars in rivers are formed on:

a)

Outer banks of meanders

b)

Inner banks of meanders

c)

Delta mouth

d)

Mid-channel islands

60.

River rejuvenation is caused by:

a)

Fall in sea level / uplift of land

b)

Wind erosion

c)

Glacier retreat

d)

Levee building

61.

The main erosional process of wind in deserts is:

a)

Abrasion and deflation

b)

Hydraulic action

c)

Freeze–thaw

d)

Plucking

62.

Ventifacts are:

a)

Stones polished and faceted by wind-blown sand

b)

Glacial erratics

c)

Rounded pebbles by rivers

d)

Karst towers

63.

Yardangs are:

a)

Streamlined ridges carved by wind

b)

Deposits of river load

c)

Sand dunes

d)

Glacial ridges

64.

A deflation hollow is formed by:

a)

Removal of loose sand by strong winds

b)

Glacier plucking

c)

River meander cutoff

d)

Karst solution

65.

Inselbergs in deserts are:

a)

Isolated resistant rock hills

b)

Sand dunes

c)

River terraces

d)

Moraine mounds

66.

Mushroom rocks are formed by:

a)

Differential wind abrasion near the base

b)

Karst solution

c)

Glacier erosion

d)

Lava cooling

67.

The slip face of a sand dune forms on the:

a)

Windward side

b)

Leeward side

c)

Both sides equally

d)

Flat desert floor

68.

The most common sand dune type in deserts is:

a)

Barchan dune

b)

Parabolic dune

c)

Longitudinal dune

d)

Transverse dune

69.

Seif dunes are characterized by:

a)

Long narrow ridges parallel to wind

b)

Crescent shape

c)

Parabolic arms

d)

Dome form

70.

Loess deposits are:

a)

Wind-blown silt accumulations

b)

Marine clay

c)

Glacial moraines

d)

River floodplains

71.

Deflation pavement is:

a)

Surface covered with pebbles after wind removes fine material

b)

Lava surface

c)

Karst surface

d)

Glacier-polished floor

72.

Parabolic dunes differ from barchans in that:

a)

Arms point upwind due to vegetation anchoring

b)

They form in mountains

c)

They form in loess

d)

They are water-deposited

73.

Erg refers to:

a)

Sand sea in deserts

b)

Rocky desert pavement

c)

Loess plain

d)

Glacier outwash

74.

Reg is:

a)

Desert surface of pebbles/gravel

b)

Sand sea

c)

Loess plateau

d)

Karst depression

75.

Aeolian deposition is most effective in:

a)

Arid and semi-arid regions

b)

Rainforest regions

c)

Polar tundra

d)

Coastal wetlands

76.

Blowouts in sandy coasts/deserts are:

a)

Depressions formed by wind erosion

b)

Coastal lagoons

c)

Karst caves

d)

River oxbows

77.

Which desert feature is depositional?

a)

Yardang

b)

Deflation hollow

c)

Barchan dune

d)

Inselberg

78.

Loess is highly fertile because:

a)

High mineral content and porous texture

b)

Presence of organic matter

c)

Volcanic ash origin

d)

Calcium carbonate only

79.

Which of the following is NOT an aeolian landform?

a)

Ventifact

b)

Yardang

c)

Drumlin

d)

Barchan

80.

The main controlling factor of dune type is:

a)

Wind direction and strength

b)

Soil fertility

c)

Temperature

d)

Vegetation alone

81.

The process by which glaciers pick up rocks is called:

a)

Abrasion

b)

Plucking

c)

Deflation

d)

Corrosion

82.

Striations on bedrock indicate:

a)

Wind erosion

b)

Glacial abrasion

c)

River polishing

d)

Karst corrosion

83.

A U-shaped valley is formed by:

a)

River erosion

b)

Glacial erosion

c)

Wind deflation

d)

Chemical weathering

84.

Hanging valleys are produced when:

a)

Tributary glaciers join main glaciers

b)

Wind erodes ridges

c)

Karst solution deepens sinkholes

d)

Rivers capture tributaries

85.

Cirques (or corries) are:

a)

Bowl-shaped depressions at valley heads

b)

Wind hollows

c)

Karst dolines

d)

River meanders

86.

An arête is:

a)

A sharp ridge between two cirques

b)

A glacial lake

c)

A sand dune

d)

A karst pillar

87.

A pyramidal peak (horn) forms when:

a)

Several cirques erode a mountain from all sides

b)

River erosion steepens valley sides

c)

Loess accumulates

d)

Karst solution hollows hills

88.

A fjord is:

a)

Submerged glacial valley

b)

Karst depression

c)

Loess plain

d)

River terrace

89.

Moraines are:

a)

Deposits of glacial debris

b)

Wind-blown dust

c)

Lava ridges

d)

River levees

90.

Lateral moraines are found:

a)

Along valley sides

b)

At glacier snout

c)

Underneath glacier

d)

Middle of glacier

91.

Terminal moraines mark:

a)

Furthest advance of a glacier

b)

Glacial birthplaces

c)

River base level

d)

Wind deposition zone

92.

Eskers are:

a)

Long sinuous ridges of sand and gravel

b)

Glacial scratches on rocks

c)

Karst ridges

d)

Loess plateaus

93.

Drumlins are:

a)

Streamlined hills of till

b)

Volcanic cones

c)

Desert dunes

d)

Karst towers

94.

Kames are:

a)

Irregular mounds of stratified sand & gravel

b)

Glacial scratches

c)

Cirques

d)

Loess mounds

95.

Outwash plains (sandurs) are:

a)

Glacial meltwater deposits beyond moraines

b)

Wind-blown sand seas

c)

Karst plateaus

d)

River levees

96.

Tarn is:

a)

A small lake in a cirque

b)

A desert hollow

c)

A dune slip face

d)

A loess plain

97.

Roche moutonnée is:

a)

Asymmetrical rock shaped by ice movement

b)

Wind-eroded rock pedestal

c)

Karst limestone hill

d)

Sand dune

98.

Till plain is formed by:

a)

Direct deposition of glacial load after retreat

b)

Wind deposition of loess

c)

River floodplain

d)

Lava outpouring

99.

Erratics are:

a)

Large boulders transported by glaciers

b)

River pebbles

c)

Wind faceted stones

d)

Karst blocks

100.

Karst topography develops primarily in:

a)

Granite

b)

Basalt

c)

Limestone

d)

Sandstone

101.

The chief agent of karst landform development is:

a)

Wind erosion

b)

Glacial erosion

c)

Chemical solution by water & carbonic acid

d)

River meandering

102.

Sinkholes (dolines) are:

a)

Depressions formed by solution/collapse in limestone

b)

Wind-blown hollows

c)

Glacial troughs

d)

River meanders

103.

A chain of merged dolines is called:

a)

Uvala

b)

Polje

c)

Cirque

d)

Tarn

104.

A polje in karst refers to:

a)

Very large flat-floored depression

b)

Small sinkhole

c)

Karst cave

d)

Isolated tower

105.

Karst valleys often lack surface streams because:

a)

Water disappears underground through swallow holes

b)

Climate is arid

c)

Rocks are impermeable

d)

All rivers are glacial

106.

Stalactites grow:

a)

From cave roof downward

b)

From cave floor upward

c)

Horizontally from cave walls

d)

Only in deserts

107.

Stalagmites grow:

a)

From cave floor upward

b)

From cave roof downward

c)

As ridges

d)

As sheets

108.

When stalactite and stalagmite join, they form:

a)

Pillar (or column)

b)

Uvala

c)

Drumlin

d)

Mushroom rock

109.

Travertine terraces are formed by:

a)

Deposition of calcium carbonate from spring water

b)

Wind accumulation

c)

Lava cooling

d)

Glacial till

110.

Karst towers (mogotes) are:

a)

Isolated steep limestone hills

b)

Sand dunes

c)

Volcanic plugs

d)

Inselbergs

111.

Speleothems are:

a)

Cave mineral deposits (stalactites, stalagmites, etc.)

b)

Wind-blown sands

c)

Glacial moraines

d)

Loess mounds

112.

Which is NOT a karst landform?

a)

Dolines

b)

Cirques

c)

Stalactites

d)

Poljes

113.

Swallow holes are also known as:

a)

Poners

b)

Drumlins

c)

Yardangs

d)

Eskers

114.

The term “Karst” was first used in:

a)

Slovenia (Dinaric Alps)

b)

Himalayas

c)

Rockies

d)

Sahara

115.

Lapies are:

a)

Grooved limestone surfaces formed by solution

b)

Loess deposits

c)

Glacial grooves

d)

Wind ripples

116.

Karst springs usually emerge:

a)

At valley bottoms where underground rivers resurface

b)

From volcanic cones

c)

At glacier snouts

d)

From sand dunes

117.

Cockpit karst is characterized by:

a)

Star-shaped depressions separated by conical hills

b)

Parallel ridges and valleys

c)

Circular drumlins

d)

Flat outwash plains

118.

Tower karst (fengcong/fenglin) is best developed in:

a)

Tropical humid regions (e.g., China, Vietnam)

b)

Polar glaciated areas

c)

Arid deserts

d)

Volcanic plateaus

119.

Which of the following is depositional in karst?

a)

Stalactite

b)

Doline

c)

Uvala

d)

Polje

120.

What is the primary cause of river meandering?

a)

Increased sediment load

b)

Human intervention

c)

Variations in water velocity

d)

Glacial activity

121.

Which type of erosion is characterized by the removal of soil in thin layers?

a)

Rill erosion

b)

Gully erosion

c)

Sheet erosion

d)

Bank erosion

122.

Which process is responsible for the formation of karst landscapes?

a)

Volcanic activity

b)

Chemical weathering of limestone

c)

Glacial erosion

d)

Wind erosion

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