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WorksheetsINORG PT1: GROUP IA ELEMENTS
Total questions: 120
Worksheet time: 2hrs 36mins
Group IA Elements are consist of (a) metals
alkali metals React with H2O forming (a)
Typically stored under (a) because they react violently with air or water
has both metallic and nonmetallic properties
oxygen
water
hydrogen
nitrogen
universal solvent and essential to life
(a)
what is the maximum density of water
(a)
highly polar solvent
(a)
gives alkaline water its alkalinity
HCO3 -
MgSO4
NaHCO3
Na2SO4
Major components of Alkaline water
(a)
it contains CO2 under pressure and provides effervesces
(a)
these are present as HCO3- dissolved
(a)
iron containing
(a)
has ferungious taste (lasang kalawang) --> unsuitable for drinking
Chalybeate water
Lithia water
Saline water
Sulfur water
formation upon air exposure of Chalybeate
Fe2O3
Fe(OH)3
FeSO4
C4H2FeO4
has brown colloidal precipitate upon air exposure
Lithia water
Chalybeate water
Sulfur water
saline water
Lithia water Contains low quantities of lithium as:
CO3 -2
Cl-
LiO
Fe2O3
also known as
Purgative water
(a)
Saline water
(a)
have laxative properties
MgSO4
Na2SO4
NaCl
rotten egg odor
H2S
HS2
Chalybeate water
Sulfur water
Mud baths
Sulfur water
Saline water
Lithia water
siliceous water
acrid (mapakla) taste
Seawater
Mineral spa water
Siliceous water
Lithia water
from volcanic water and deposition of S upon air exposure
Sulfur water
Saline water
Siliceous water
Seawater
Na+, K+, Mg+2, Sr+2, Se, Br-
Na+, Mg+2, Sr+2, Se, Br+2
Na+, KI, Mg+2, Sc, Se, Br-
Na+, K+, Mn, Sc, Se, Be+2
Temporary hard water removed by
decomposing
on exchange resin, reverse osmosis
easily removed by boiling
Permanent hard water can be removed through
ion exchange resin
decomposing
boiling
contains Ca and Mg ions as HCO3 -
Temporary hard
permanent hard
deposits in percolator/boilers
(a)
A "distilled water" and has no dissolved ions
(a)
• Aqueous dosage forms
• NOT for parenterals
(a)
not required to be sterile and pyrogen free
Water for Injection, USP
Purified Water, USP
Sterile Water for Injection, USP
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
injectable products to be sterilized after preparation
Water for Injection, USP
Sterile Water for Injection, USP
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
Sterile Water for Inhalation, USP
→ Single dose containers (max. 1L)
→ pyrogen-free
Sterile Water for Injection, USP
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
Purified Water, USP
Water for Injection, USP
solvent, vehicle, or diluent for already sterilized and packaged injectables
Purified Water, USP
Water for Injection, USP
Sterile Water for Injection, USP
Sterile Water for Irrigation, USP
sterile water for injection with antimicrobial agent/s
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
Sterile Water for Injection, USP
Water for Injection, USP
prefilled syringes or in vials (max. 30 mL)
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
Sterile Water for Injection, USP
Purified Water, USP
Sterile Water for Inhalation, USP
→ sterile vehicle for reconstitution of small volumes of injectables
Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
Sterile Water for Injection, USP
Water for Injection, USP
Sterile Water for Irrigation, USP
36.5-38% w/w
HCl
HNO3
H3PO4
H2SO4
: 69-71% w/w
HNO3
HCl
H3PO4
H2SO4
85-88% w/w
H3PO4
HNO3
HCl
H2SO4
95-98% w/w
H2SO4
HCl
HNO3
H3PO4
Concentrated acids expressed as
(a)
diluted acids expressed as
(a)
acids with 2 kinds of atoms
(a)
acids which contain oxygen
(a)
Technical grade oh HCl
(a)
• Used as cleaner
• Major component of gastric juice
HCl
(Hydrogen chloride)
H2SO4
(Sulfuric acid)
HNO3
(Nitric acid)
H3PO4
(Phosphoric acid)
highly exothermic process when diluted with water and diprotic acid
H2SO4
(Sulfuric acid)
HNO3
(Nitric acid)
H3PO4
(Phosphoric acid)
HCl
(hydrochloride)
“Oil of Vitriol”
(a)
hot, concentrated: strong oxidizing acid
H2SO4
(Sulfuric acid)
HNO3
(HNO3)
H3PO4
(Phosphoric acid)
Aqua fortis
(a)
"Eau forte"
oxidizing acid (even at room temp/diluted)
(a)
Phosphoric acid/orthophosphoric acid
H3PO4
(Phosphoric acid)
HNO3
(Nitric acid)
H2SO4
(Sulfuric acid)
Etching solution
(a)
• component in cola beverages → imparts tartness
H3PO4
(Phosphoric acid)
HNO3
(Nitric acid)
H2SO4
(Sulfuric acid)
buffer
oxidizing acid (even at room temp/diluted)
used as antioxidant
(a)
other name for HPH2O2
(a)
name of HF:
(a)
• reacts with glass (and alkali hydroxides: NaOH, KOH)
• highly corrosive
(a)
Mostly with medical purpose
Dibasic phosphate
Monobasic phosphate
Tribasic phosphate
COMMON NAME FOR "CH3COOH"
(a)
Solid, glassy appearance when congealed
CH3COOH
(Acetic Acid)
HF
(Hydrogen fluoride)
H3PO4
(Phosphoric acid)
• Caustic and vesicant
• Acidifying agent
Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)
(HPH2O2)
Hypophosphorous acid
H3PO4
(Phosphoric acid)
"vinegar"
w/ local anti-infective action
(a)
Cervical cancer screening in low resource settings
Dil. CH3COOH
CH3COOH
HPH2O2
Neutralize marine invertebrate stings i.e. Jellyfish, sea urchin stings.
Dil. CH3COOH
CH3COOH
HPH2O2
Highly corrosive and Very deliquescent
(a)
– tendency of substance to absorb moisture in the atmosphere BUT prolonged exposure to environment can lead to deliquescence; also Deliquescent
(a)
Incompatible w/ glass
(a)
→ Loss of water of crystallization from a crystalline substance
Efflorescent
Hygroscopic
Deliquescent
Ability to remove water from air
Efflorescent
Hygroscopic
Deliquescent
Ability to take on sufficient water from the environment to form a liquid
Deliquescent
Hygroscopic
Efflorescent
synonym: caustic soda
(a)
caustic potash
(a)
potash lye
(a)
strong bases
(a)
soaps made from NaOH
hard soaps
soft soaps
soaps made from KOH
soft soaps
hard soaps
technical grade
(a)
dil. KOH (0.4%)
(a)
to destroy unwanted tissues
(a)
Mounting fluid for filamentous fungi (candida)
(a)
soaps have polar and nonpolar portion; amphiphilic mol. → emulsifies grease/dirt
(a)
Hard water contains
(a)
are usually formulated with chelating agents to react with the ions enhance stability
(a)
if soluble soaps are used with hard water, a portion of it will react with Ca2+ ions →
(a)
Concentrated ammonia
(a)
Spirit of Hartshorn
(a)
Detergent, stain remover
(a)
based waving lotions
(a)
Lightest metal
(a)
First formal member of alkali metals
Li
(lithium)
Na
(sodium)
Fe
(iron)
Ni
(nickel)
Lithium Stored under (a)
used as mood stabilizers; treatment of bipolar disorder
(a)
sodium levels in the blood are lower than norma
(a)
promotes Na+ excretion / Interferes w/ transmembrane Na+ exchange
(a)
tx for hyponatremia
(a)
Alters release of aminergic neurotransmitters (dopamine
Li2CO3
(Lithium carbonate)
NaHCO3
(Sodium bicarbonate)
CH3COOH (acetic acid)
Blocks inositol metabolism
Li2CO3
(lithium carbonate)
NaHCO3 (Sodium bicarbonate)
CH3COOH
(acetic acid)
it is a carrier ion
(a)
Therapeutic activity is due to the (a) present in sodium comp.
(a) in sodium compounds which optimize pharmaceutical utility of organic medicaments
Caution: heart & kidney conditions
(a)
Reaction w/ heat → readily decomposed by heat
NaHCO3
CaCO3
Li2CO3
Systemic & urinary alkalizer
NaHCO3
CaCO3
Li2CO3
NaHCO3
as a paste
(a)
NaHCO3
CO2 liberated masks the unpleasant taste; source of carbonates; with a weak acid: citric or tartaric acid
(a)
• Mild abrasive
• Parenteral form: 8.4% solution
NaHCO3
Li2CO3
CaCO3
antidote for NaHCO3
(a)
Direct HCO3 - sources
NaCH3COO·3H2O, KCH3COO
Sodium citrate, Potassium citrate
KHCO3
NaHCO3
Indirect HCO3 - sources
NaCH3COO·3H2O, KCH3COO
Sodium citrate, Potassium citrate
Sodium lactate
Sodium bicarbonate
Chemical nature: chemically weak bases
(a)
Neutralize acid (xs HCl in stomach)
(a)
decrease pepsin activity
(a)
Primary role: for IMMEDIATE pain relief → Heartburn, dyspepsia
(a)
Heal ulcers & strengthen gastric mucosal barrier
(a)
treatment for PUD
(a)
Systemic antacids
NaHCO3
KHCO3
MgOH
Ca(OH)2
→ rapid onset; immediate relief
→ water-sol; absorbed in systemic circulation
systemic antacids
non systemic antacids
→ water insoluble but will dissolve in the presence of HCl
→ unreacted HCO3 will not go to systemic circulation
Nonsystemic anatcids
systemic antacids
