System controls in the context of the complement system are:

Complement receptors are proteins that play which of the following biological roles?

The biological manifestations of complement activation include:

Complement therapeutics are:

Complement abnormalities are detected in the laboratory by which of the following methods?

Complement is a series of more than ___ soluble and cell-bound proteins that interact to enhance host defense mechanisms against foreign cells.

Where are most plasma complement proteins synthesized?

Which of the following is NOT an exception to the synthesis of plasma complement proteins in the liver?

True or False: All plasma complement proteins are synthesized in the liver.

White blood cells are additional sources of early complement components. Which of the following are early complement components?

Most of these proteins are ______ that are converted to active enzymes in a very precise order.

The main goal of the complement cascade is to cause ______ of foreign cells.

Complement components act as ______, which help enhance the clearance of immune complexes.

Which of the following is a function of complement components?

Complement components recruit ______ and neutrophils to the area of antigen concentration.

Complement components trigger secretion of immunoregulatory molecules that amplify the immune response.

Fill in the blank: Specific receptors for complement components are present on ______ cells.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three pathways of complement system activation?

More than one pathway of the complement system can be activated __________.

What is the end product of complement system activation?

Which components are involved in the classical pathway?

What happens during the recognition stage of the classical pathway?

Which of the following is the correct order of stages in the classical pathway?

According to the diagram, which component is involved in the recognition stage of the classical pathway?

The membrane attack complex is formed by the combination of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9.

Antibodies ________ bound to antigen can initiate the classical pathway.

C-reactive protein bound to ________ can initiate the classical pathway.

Fill in the blank: ________ (a type of bacteria without a cell wall) can initiate the classical pathway.

Certain gram-negative ________ can initiate the classical pathway.

Fill in the blank: Some ________ (single-celled eukaryotic organisms) can initiate the classical pathway.

What is the first complement component to bind in the classical pathway?

Which of the following are the three subunits of C1?

Fill in the blank: At least two of the globular heads of _____ must be bound to antibody to initiate the classical pathway.

Based on the diagram and information provided, what does C1q recognize in the initiation of the classical pathway by antibodies?

The zymogens Clr and Cls are converted into active enzymes as binding of ____ occurs.

When activated, Clr cleaves a thioester bond on ____, which activates it.

C1s cleaves C4 to create ______ and cleaves C2 to create C2a. (Fill in the blank)

In the diagram, which complex is labeled as C3 convertase?

C3b binds to ______ to form C5 convertase.

C5 convertase splits C5 into ______ and C5b.

C5b attaches to the cell membrane to initiate formation of the ______ (C5b6789).

The Lectin Pathway is activated by ________ on microbial cell walls.

Which of the following is NOT a class of recognition molecule involved in the Lectin Pathway?

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is classified as ________.

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) binds to ________ or related sugars on microbes to initiate the pathway.

Which MBL-associated serine proteases does the complex associate with?

The complex in the lectin pathway acts like which component?

Which MASP cleaves C4 and C2 in the lectin pathway?

The remaining steps of the lectin pathway are identical to which pathway?

The Alternative Pathway acts mainly as an ________ loop for classical or lectin pathways.

Which of the following can activate the Alternative Pathway directly?

The Alternative Pathway involves which of the following components?

Step 1 of the Alternative Pathway: What is produced when C3 is hydrolyzed by water, and what does it bind to?

Step 2 of the Alternative Pathway: Which enzyme is formed when Bb combines with C3b?

Step 3 of the Alternative Pathway: What stabilizes the enzyme C3bBb, allowing it to continue cleaving additional C3?

If a molecule of C3 remains attached to the C3bBbP enzyme, what capability does the convertase now have?