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ECE421L - LONG TEST

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What does an IR sensor primarily detect?

a)

Sound waves

b)

Heat radiation

c)

Infrared light

d)

Ultraviolet light

2.

In obstacle detection, the IR sensor works by:

a)

Emitting sound and detecting echo

b)

Emitting infrared and detecting reflection

c)

Measuring temperature only

d)

Counting photons

3.

Which part of the IR sensor emits light?

a)

Photodiode

b)

Phototransistor

c)

IR LED

d)

LDR

4.

Which material can block IR signals effectively?

a)

Glass

b)

Plastic

c)

Aluminum foil

d)

Water

5.

Typical IR sensor output is:

a)

Analog voltage

b)

PWM signal

c)

High/Low digital signal

d)

Current only

6.

The IR receiver component is usually a:

a)

Photodiode/phototransistor

b)

Zener diode

c)

Resistor

d)

Capacitor

7.

IR remote control uses what modulation frequency?

a)

1 Hz

b)

38 kHz

c)

1 MHz

d)

100 kHz

8.

IR sensors are affected by:

a)

Darkness only

b)

Sunlight interference

c)

Temperature only

d)

Vibration

9.

Which device uses IR sensors for motion detection?

a)

TV remote

b)

Smoke alarm

c)

Microwave oven

d)

Thermostat

10.

An IR proximity sensor is best used in:

a)

Water level detection

b)

Object counting

c)

Voltage regulation

d)

Frequency division

11.

A flame sensor detects:

a)

Visible light only

b)

IR radiation from fire

c)

Sound of fire crackling

d)

Temperature rise only

12.

Flame sensors often use:

a)

Photodiode sensitive to IR

b)

Gas sensors

c)

Thermocouples

d)

Resistors

13.

The output of a digital flame sensor is:

a)

Continuous voltage

b)

On/Off signal

c)

Frequency sweep

d)

PWM duty cycle

14.

Where are flame sensors used?

a)

Fire alarms

b)

Oven temperature control

c)

Speaker circuits

d)

LED blinking

15.

Limitation of flame sensors:

a)

Cannot detect visible flames in bright sunlight

b)

Cannot detect gas leaks

c)

Cannot operate at low voltage

d)

Too costly

16.

Arduino is:

a)

A microcontroller family

b)

A brand of capacitors

c)

A display screen

d)

A type of transistor

17.

The most common Arduino board is:

a)

Uno

b)

Nano

c)

Mega

d)

Due

18.

Arduino Uno uses which microcontroller?

a)

PIC16F84A

b)

ATmega328P

c)

8051

d)

MSP430

19.

Arduino IDE uses what default programming language?

a)

Python

b)

C/C++

c)

Java

d)

Assembly

20.

The USB port on Arduino is used for:

a)

Power only

b)

Programming and power

c)

Display interface

d)

Relay activation

21.

Digital pins on Arduino can be:

a)

Input only

b)

Output only

c)

Configurable as input or output

d)

Voltage regulators

22.

PWM pins on Arduino are marked with:

a)

Star (*)

b)

Wave (~)

c)

Plus (+)

d)

Minus (-)

23.

The default clock speed of Arduino Uno is:

a)

8 MHz

b)

12 MHz

c)

16 MHz

d)

20 MHz

24.

The function digitalWrite(13, HIGH) will:

a)

Turn pin 13 off

b)

Make pin 13 output high

c)

Read pin 13

d)

Reset Arduino

25.

Arduino boards are typically programmed via:

a)

Assembly

b)

Machine code

c)

Bootloader

d)

Manual switches

26.

Gizduino is a:

a)

Local Arduino-compatible board

b)

Display module

c)

Relay module

d)

Power supply unit

27.

Gizduino is developed in:

a)

USA

b)

Japan

c)

Philippines

d)

Germany

28.

Gizduino uses which programming environment?

a)

MicroPython

b)

Arduino IDE

c)

Java IDE

d)

Keil uVision

29.

Advantage of Gizduino:

a)

Cheaper, Arduino-compatible

b)

Built-in display

c)

Wireless only

d)

Not programmable

30.

Gizduino is based on:

a)

ARM Cortex-M

b)

AVR ATmega

c)

PIC16F

d)

MSP430

31.

A 16x2 LCD can display:

a)

16 rows × 2 columns

b)

2 rows × 16 characters

c)

16 words × 2 rows

d)

32 characters only in one row

32.

Typical driver IC of 16x2 LCD:

a)

HD44780

b)

MAX232

c)

74HC595

d)

LM358

33.

Number of data pins in 4-bit mode:

a)

4

b)

8

c)

12

d)

2

34.

LCD requires what pin for contrast control?

a)

Vdd

b)

Vss

c)

Vee

d)

Enable

35.

Backlight of LCD uses:

a)

Resistor

b)

LED

c)

Capacitor

d)

Relay

36.

To send a command to LCD, RS pin is set to:

a)

1

b)

0

c)

Floating

d)

High impedance

37.

Typical operating voltage of LCD is:

a)

1.5V

b)

3.3V

c)

5V

d)

12V

38.

The Enable (E) pin on LCD is used to:

a)

Reset display

b)

Latch data

c)

Control brightness

d)

Control contrast

39.

LCD can operate in how many modes?

a)

1

b)

2 (4-bit and 8-bit)

c)

3

d)

4

40.

Which library in Arduino is commonly used for LCDs?

a)

SPI.h

b)

LiquidCrystal.h

c)

EEPROM.h

d)

Servo.h

41.

Relay is used to:

a)

Store data

b)

Switch high-power devices

c)

Display output

d)

Generate signals

42.

A relay is essentially:

a)

A resistor

b)

An electromagnetic switch

c)

A transistor

d)

A diode

43.

A 4-channel relay module can control:

a)

2 devices

b)

3 devices

c)

4 devices

d)

Unlimited devices

44.

Relay isolation is achieved using:

a)

Capacitor

b)

Transistor

c)

Optocoupler

d)

Diode

45.

Coil of relay is powered by:

a)

AC mains

b)

DC supply

c)

Capacitors

d)

Transistors only

46.

Flyback diode across relay is used to:

a)

Increase current

b)

Suppress voltage spikes

c)

Reduce resistance

d)

Brighten LEDs

47.

Relay contact ratings are expressed in:

a)

Volts/Amps

b)

Ohms only

c)

Watts only

d)

Hz

48.

Relay modules usually operate at:

a)

1.5V

b)

3.3V/5V

c)

12V AC

d)

220V DC

49.

A relay is controlled by:

a)

Pushbutton

b)

Microcontroller pin

c)

Potentiometer

d)

Resistor

50.

Relay module isolation prevents:

a)

Data loss

b)

Microcontroller damage

c)

Display malfunction

d)

Battery charging

51.

A 220V bulb is a:

a)

Resistor

b)

Load device

c)

Sensor

d)

Switch

52.

The filament bulb works on:

a)

Incandescence

b)

Fluorescence

c)

Photovoltaics

d)

Magnetism

53.

220V bulbs connected to relay modules allow:

a)

Low-voltage control of high-voltage devices

b)

Direct microcontroller powering

c)

Voltage division

d)

Data transmission

54.

LED bulbs differ because they:

a)

Use semiconductors

b)

Glow from heated filament

c)

Use vacuum tube

d)

Use relays

55.

Main precaution when using 220V bulb in Arduino projects:

a)

Direct wiring to pins

b)

Isolate with relay

c)

Reduce brightness

d)

Use PWM

56.

LED stands for:

a)

Light Emission Device

b)

Light Emitting Diode

c)

Linear Emitting Device

d)

Luminous Electric Diode

57.

LED requires:

a)

Resistor in series

b)

Capacitor

c)

Relay

d)

Inductor

58.

LED polarity must be observed because:

a)

It is non-polarized

b)

It conducts in only one direction

c)

It is AC only

d)

It has 4 terminals

59.

Typical forward voltage of red LED:

a)

0.7V

b)

1.8-2.2V

c)

3.3-3.6V

d)

5V

60.

Which LED is brighter at same current?

a)

Red

b)

Green

c)

Blue/White

d)

Infrared

61.

LED current limiting resistor prevents:

a)

Reverse bias

b)

Overcurrent damage

c)

Heating only

d)

Brightness control

62.

Common cathode RGB LED means:

a)

All anodes connected

b)

All cathodes connected

c)

Separate connections

d)

No polarity

63.

In Arduino, LED on pin 13 is connected via:

a)

Relay

b)

Resistor

c)

Transistor

d)

Direct short

64.

LED lifetime is usually:

a)

100 hours

b)

1,000 hours

c)

50,000+ hours

d)

1 year only

65.

LED emits light due to:

a)

Electron-hole recombination

b)

Thermal heating

c)

Magnetic induction

d)

Mechanical vibration

66.

A transistor can act as:

a)

Switch and amplifier

b)

Capacitor

c)

Resistor

d)

Inductor

67.

BJT stands for:

a)

Base Junction Transistor

b)

Bipolar Junction Transistor

c)

Bi-Junction Tube

d)

Binary Junction Transistor

68.

The three terminals of BJT are:

a)

Gate, Drain, Source

b)

Base, Collector, Emitter

c)

Anode, Cathode, Gate

d)

Source, Drain, Ground

69.

In NPN transistor, current flows from:

a)

Base to emitter only

b)

Collector to emitter when base is forward biased

c)

Emitter to collector without control

d)

Drain to source

70.

Common application of transistor in Arduino circuits:

a)

Switching relays

b)

Voltage regulation

c)

Data storage

d)

Displaying text

71.

Saturation region means transistor is:

a)

Fully ON

b)

Fully OFF

c)

Amplifying

d)

Floating

72.

Cut-off region means transistor is:

a)

Fully ON

b)

OFF

c)

Amplifying

d)

Linear

73.

A Darlington pair increases:

a)

Resistance

b)

Gain

c)

Voltage drop

d)

Capacitance

74.

MOSFET differs from BJT by:

a)

Voltage-controlled gate

b)

Current-controlled base

c)

No switching ability

d)

No gain

75.

A transistor is often called:

a)

Solid-state switch

b)

Magnetic switch

c)

Thermal resistor

d)

Current divider

76.

Resistor is used to:

a)

Increase voltage

b)

Limit current

c)

Store charge

d)

Emit light

77.

Unit of resistance:

a)

Volt

b)

Ohm

c)

Ampere

d)

Watt

78.

Color code of 220Ω resistor:

a)

Red-Red-Brown

b)

Brown-Black-Red

c)

Red-Black-Orange

d)

Yellow-Purple-Red

79.

Resistors connected in series:

a)

Increase total resistance

b)

Decrease total resistance

c)

No change

d)

Cancel each other

80.

Resistors in parallel:

a)

Increase resistance

b)

Decrease resistance

c)

Stay the same

d)

Not allowed

81.

A pull-up resistor connects input pin to:

a)

GND

b)

Vcc

c)

Output pin

d)

Relay

82.

Pull-down resistor connects input pin to:

a)

Vcc

b)

GND

c)

Output pin

d)

Diode

83.

Purpose of pull-up/pull-down resistors:

a)

Prevent floating inputs

b)

Increase brightness

c)

Amplify signals

d)

Save power

84.

Typical pull-up resistor value:

a)

10Ω

b)

220Ω

c)

4.7kΩ-10kΩ

d)

1MΩ

85.

Without pull-up/pull-down, digital input is:

a)

Stable

b)

Floating

c)

Fixed high

d)

Fixed low

86.

Potentiometer is a:

a)

Variable resistor

b)

Fixed resistor

c)

Capacitor

d)

Inductor

87.

Potentiometer has how many terminals?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

88.

Potentiometer can function as:

a)

Voltage divider

b)

Current source

c)

Amplifier

d)

Diode

89.

Potentiometer is commonly used for:

a)

Volume control

b)

Frequency division

c)

Data storage

d)

Relay switching

90.

In LCD circuits, potentiometer adjusts:

a)

Brightness

b)

Contrast

c)

Power supply

d)

Temperature

91.

Flame sensor connected to Arduino digital pin can trigger:

a)

LED alarm

b)

Motor driver

c)

Relay

d)

All of the above

92.

To control 220V bulb safely with Arduino, we use:

a)

Direct connection

b)

Transistor only

c)

Relay module

d)

Resistor divider

93.

IR sensor + Arduino can be used for:

a)

Line-following robot

b)

Oscilloscope

c)

Power supply

d)

Timer

94.

Which component is used to control LCD contrast?

a)

LED

b)

Potentiometer

c)

Resistor

d)

Transistor

95.

Gizduino is compatible with:

a)

Arduino sketches

b)

PIC assembly

c)

Python only

d)

Keil

96.

LED needs a resistor to:

a)

Prevent burnout

b)

Increase voltage

c)

Block reverse current only

d)

Store charge

97.

Relay module uses optocoupler for:

a)

Isolation

b)

Voltage division

c)

Signal amplification

d)

Brightness

98.

A transistor can be used to drive:

a)

LED

b)

Relay

c)

Motor

d)

All of the above

99.

LCD 16x2 has how many characters total?

a)

16

b)

32

c)

64

d)

128

100.

In embedded systems, sensors act as:

a)

Inputs

b)

Outputs

c)

Relays

d)

Displays

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