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WorksheetsHOM Chapter 2 Towards Independence
Total questions: 116
Worksheet time: 58mins
Which international event inspired early Malay nationalism in 1905?
The outbreak of World War I
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty
The Russo-Japanese War
The founding of the League of Nations
What message did Japan's victory over Russia in 1905 send to the Malays?
Western nations could never be defeated
Asian nations could defeat Western powers
Colonisation was inevitable
The British would always be the strongest power
Who were the reformist leaders behind the magazine Al-Imam (1906)?
Syed Syeikh bin Ahmad al-Hadi, Sheikh Mohd Salim al-Kalali, Sheikh Mohd Tahir al-Azhari
Ibrahim Haji Yaacob, Ahmad Boestamam, Ishak Haji Mohammad
Tengku Abdul Kadir, Mohammad Eunos, Tengku Ismail
Raja Shariman, Puteh Badri, Hassan Manan
What did the Kaum Muda encourage Malays to do?
Focus only on religious study
Empower themselves with science, mathematics, and technology
Reject all forms of Western education
Return to traditional farming and fishing
Which was the first structured Malay organisation, founded in 1926?
Kesatuan Melayu Singapura
Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM)
Selangor Malay Union
Pan-Malayan Malay Union
What was the aim of Kesatuan Melayu Singapura (1926)?
To demand immediate independence from the British
To unite Malays and voice their social and economic aspirations
To merge Malaya with Indonesia Raya
To abolish the Sultanate system
Which organisation was formed from the Malay Congress in 1939?
Al-Imam Movement
Persatuan Melayu Se-Malaya
Persaudaraan Sahabat Pena (PASPAM)
KMM
Who was the first president of Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM, 1938)?
Ishak Haji Mohammad
Ahmad Boestamam
Ibrahim Haji Yaacob
Hassan Manan
What was KMM's long-term political aim?
To create Indonesia Raya (Malaya Raya)
To remain under British protection
To form a union with the Straits Settlements
To join the Indian Independence League
Why did the British arrest KMM leaders in 1940?
They cooperated with the Dutch
They supported communism
They were seen as a threat to British rule
They rejected Japanese propaganda
Which Japanese slogan inspired Malay hopes for independence?
"Independence Now"
"Asia for the Asians"
"One Nation, One Race"
"Strength Through Unity"
Why did the Japanese treat the Chinese harshly during the occupation?
They feared Chinese communism
Japan was at war with China
The Chinese supported the British
All of the above
How did the Japanese treat the Indians in Malaya?
They banned Indian organisations
They forced Indians into slavery
They supported the INA and IIL to fight British rule in India
They deported Indians to Burma
Which Indian nationalist army was supported by the Japanese?
Indian Revolutionary Army
Indian National Army (INA)
Indian Liberation Force
Indian Brotherhood Army
The Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) was founded by:
The Kesatuan Melayu Muda
The Malayan Communist Party (MCP)
The Indian Independence League
The Selangor Malay Union
What tactic did the MPAJA mainly use against the Japanese?
Open battles
Naval warfare
Guerrilla warfare
Air strikes
Roughly how many members did the MPAJA have by 1945?
500-700
2,000-3,000
6,000-7,000
10,000-12,000
Who was sent by the British government in 1945 to secure the Malay rulers' signatures for the Malayan Union?
Frank Swettenham
Sir Harold MacMichael
Sir Lawrence Guillemard
Dato' Onn Jaafar
Which state did Sir Harold MacMichael visit first on his mission?
Perak
Selangor
Johor
Pahang
Why did the British want to introduce the Malayan Union in 1946?
To strengthen the power of the Sultans
To save costs and improve administration after WWII
To grant immediate independence to Malaya
To unite Singapore and Malaya under one government
Which territory was excluded from the Malayan Union?
Selangor
Pahang
Singapore
Negeri Sembilan
Why did the Malays strongly oppose the Malayan Union?
It gave more power to the Malay rulers
It threatened their special rights and the Sultans' authority
It prevented Malays from joining UMNO
It merged Malaya with Indonesia Raya
What was the first Pan-Malayan Malay Congress held on 1 March 1946?
A British-organised conference to promote the Union
A meeting of Malay leaders to protest the Malayan Union
A gathering of Chinese and Indian leaders for citizenship rights
A communist meeting to fight British rule
Who was elected the first President of UMNO in 1946?
Tan Cheng Lock
Ibrahim Haji Yaacob
Ahmad Boestamam
Dato' Onn Jaafar
What action did UMNO take to oppose the Malayan Union?
Organised strikes and boycotts of British goods
Sent representatives to London and held mass rallies
Formed an alliance with the MCP
Declared independence unilaterally
When was the Federation of Malaya Agreement signed?
1 March 1946
21 January 1948
1 February 1948
20 October 1947
Under the Federation of Malaya, who replaced the British Resident in the states?
The Governor of Singapore
The Sultan's Council
The Chief Minister
The Federal Commissioner
Which of the following powers did the Federation of Malaya give to the Federal Government?
Defence, foreign affairs, and finance
Land, religion, and agriculture
Health, education, and local government
Culture, language, and customs
Why did the Chinese oppose the Federation of Malaya?
They wanted the British to remain in power
Singapore was excluded, and privileges favoured the Malays
They were against citizenship for Indians
They supported UMNO's leadership
Who was the main Chinese leader who objected to the Federation of Malaya?
Chin Peng
Tan Cheng Lock
Lee Kuan Yew
Lim Bo Seng
What event on 20 October 1947 showed strong non-Malay opposition to the Federation of Malaya?
The British Parliament debate
The Kuala Lumpur rally organised by UMNO
The All-Malayan Council of Joint Action rally
The signing of the Pangkor Engagement
When was a state of emergency declared in Malaya?
18 June 1946
18 June 1948
6 October 1951
21 January 1948
Who was the MCP General Secretary that made the party more aggressive after March 1947?
Lai Teck
Chin Peng
Chen Tien
Rashid Mydin
What event marked the peak of Communist violence that triggered the Emergency?
The Baling Talks
The murder of three European officers in Sungai Siput
The assassination of Sir Henry Gurney
Attacks on tin mines in Perak
What was the main purpose of the Briggs Plan (1950)?
To unite Malay political parties
To cut off MCP supply lines by relocating rural people into New Villages
To promote education among the Malays
To grant citizenship rights to non-Malays
What was 'Operation Starvation'?
A campaign to deny food and medicine to Communist guerrillas
The British blockade of Singapore
A food rationing system during WWII
The Japanese policy against the Chinese
What was Sir Gerald Templer's key strategy to defeat the Communists?
Psychological warfare to win "hearts and minds"
Total reliance on British military forces
Allowing MCP leaders into the government
Economic blockade of cities
Areas declared free of Communist influence under Templer's policy were known as:
Black Areas
White Areas
Red Zones
Neutral Zones
What was the main reason the MCP lost support from the people?
They refused to negotiate with the British
They used violence and terror against civilians
They cooperated with the Japanese
They rejected communist ideology
Who represented the MCP during the Baling Talks in December 1955?
Chin Peng, Chen Tien, Rashid Mydin
Ibrahim Yaacob, Ahmad Boestamam, Ishak Haji Mohammad
Tan Cheng Lock, David Marshall, Chen Tien
Chin Peng, Lai Teck, Osman Cina
Why did the Baling Talks fail?
Tunku Abdul Rahman refused to attend
The MCP demanded independence without surrender
The British refused to negotiate
The MCP rejected UMNO's leadership
What was the Member System introduced in 1951 meant to do?
Train Malays only for leadership
Give ministerial responsibilities to locals of all races
Create an interim Communist government
Replace the High Commissioner with a Malay ruler
Who was appointed Head of the Department of Home Affairs under the Member System?
Tengku Abdul Rahman
Dato' Onn Jaafar
Tan Cheng Lock
Lee Tiang King
Which Indian leader was appointed Head of the Department of Education in 1951?
E.E.C. Thuraisingam
S. Rajaratnam
V. Sambanthan
Tan Cheng Lock
What was the purpose of appointing Malay, Chinese, and Indian leaders in the Member System?
To weaken UMNO's influence
To ensure fair multiracial representation and train future leaders
To satisfy British economic needs
To prepare Malaya for merger with Singapore
Who was the Chinese leader representing the government side during the Baling Talks?
Chen Tien
Tan Cheng Lock
Lim Chin Siong
Ong Boon Hua-
Which political party was founded in May 1946 to represent the Malays?
MIC
UMNO
MCA
PAS
Who succeeded Dato' Onn Jaafar as UMNO President?
Tan Cheng Lock
Ibrahim Yaacob
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Tun Abdul Razak
When did the MCA join UMNO to form the UMNO-MCA Alliance?
1946
1948
1949
1952
In which year did the MIC join the UMNO-MCA alliance to form the triple Alliance?
1949
1952
1954
1957
When was the first national General Election in Malaya held?
27 July 1955
1 March 1946
21 January 1948
31 August 1957
How many seats did the UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance win in the 1955 General Elections?
45 out of 52
48 out of 52
50 out of 52
51 out of 52
Who led the Malayan delegation to London in January 1956 to negotiate independence?
Dato' Onn Jaafar
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Sir Gerald Templer
Tan Cheng Lock
What was the Reid Commission's main task in 1956?
To organise the 1955 General Elections
To draft the Constitution of Malaya
To create a merger with Singapore
To abolish the Sultans' powers
Which memorandum was most influential in shaping the Merdeka Constitution?
From the Malayan Communist Party
From the Malay rulers and the Alliance
From the Labour Party of Malaya
From PAS
Who was the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of the Federation of Malaya?
Sultan of Selangor
Tuanku Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan
Sultan Abdul Samad of Selangor
Tunku Abdul Rahman
According to the Merdeka Constitution, when would Malay be recognised as the national language?
Immediately in 1957
After 5 years
After 10 years
After 15 years
In return for Malay privileges, how many Chinese were granted citizenship at independence?
500,000
700,000
800,000
1,000,000
Where was the Declaration of Independence held on 31 August 1957?
Padang Kota Lama, Penang
Sultan Sulaiman Club, Kuala Lumpur
Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur
Istana Negara
When did the Federation of Malaya become a member of the United Nations?
27 August 1957
31 August 1957
17 September 1957
1 January 1958
Why did the British send Sir Harold MacMichael to Malaya in 1945?
to begin talks for Malayan independence
to receive the Japanese surrender
to set up the Federation of Malaya
to win support for the formation of the Malayan Union
Which British High Commissioner was murdered by communist guerrillas in 1951?
Gent
Gurney
Swettenham
Templer
In December 1955, where were peace talks held to end the Malayan Emergency?
Baling
Kuala Lumpur
Port Swettenham
Singapore
What was an effect of the British 'hearts and minds' policy in the Emergency in Malaya?
More Chinese became Malay citizens.
'Operation Starvation' was introduced.
Support for the communists increased.
The number of 'White Areas' decreased.
What was the title of the head of the military government which was based in Singapore during the Japanese occupation?
Commissioner
Governor
Resident
Sultan
Which nationalist group had Ibrahim Yaacob as its President?
Kesatuan Melayu Muda
Pusat Tenaga Rakyat
the non-Malay Consultative Committee
the United Malays National Organisation
What was a reason for the failure of the Communists in the Emergency?
Chin Peng stole the MCP's funds.
Indonesia sent forces to defeat the Communists.
Templer introduced a 'Hearts and Minds' campaign.
The Malays voted to end the fighting.
When did Malaya achieve independence?
1955
1956
1957
1958
Why did Dato Onn bin Jaafar form the United Malays National Organisation in 1946?
to help defeat the Japanese
to increase citizenship rights for the Chinese in Malaya
to oppose the formation of the Malayan Union
to work with the British to end the Emergency
Why was a meeting held at Baling in 1955?
to discuss ways to end piracy in the region
to establish a new constitution for Malaya
to permit peace discussions between Tunku Abdul Rahman and Chin Peng
to prepare for the formation of Malaysia
Which statement about Ibrahim Yaacob is not correct?
He was an important member of Pembela Tanah Ayer (PETA).
He was imprisoned by the British.
He was opposed to the idea of revolution.
He was the first President of Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM)
Which ONE of the following was the effects of the Japanese Occupation on Malay nationalism on the Malays?
They learnt how to form political parties.
They acquired the skill of holding rallies.
They learnt that the British and the Japanese were keen to help them achieve independence.
They acquired visions of independence from the Japanese and the British.
The Japanese Occupation led to the rise of anti-Japanese groups in Malaya and ___________.
increased the prestige and power of the MPAJA which was controlled by the communists.
prepared the people for the return of their former colonial masters.
caused the different races to be more united.
helped the people to acquire the skill of forming secret societies.
Why did the British introduce the Malayan Union?
to give the Chinese support in Malaya
to give Malaya independence
to punish Sultans
to show support for Malay Nationalism
Who did the British send in 1945 to talk to the Sultans about the formation of the Malayan Union?
Gent
MacDonald
MacMichael
Swettenham
What was the purpose of Sir Harold MacMichael's visit to Malaya in 1945-6?
to bring the Japanese occupation to an end
to obtain the sultans' agreement to the Malayan Union
to protect villagers from terrorism
to restrict the production of rubber
Which states made up the Malayan Union?
Singapore, Penang and Malacca
The Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States and the Straits Settlements
The Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States and the Straits Settlements excluding Singapore
The Federated Malay States and the Unfederated Malay States
Who was the first President of the United Malays National Organisation?
Dato Onn bin Jaafar
Enchik Yusof bin Ishak
Ibrahim Yaacob
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Below are four statements on the Malayan Union. Pick out the incorrect one.
The Malayan Union scheme ended the special position of the Malays.
The Malay Sultans retained their titles but lost most of their powers.
A British Governor-General would preside over the Malayan Union, the Borneo territories and Singapore.
The Chinese and Indians were unhappy with the Malayan Union scheme.
What appointment did Sir Edward Gent hold in the Malayan Union?
High Commissioner
Resident
Governor
Resident Commissioner
Why did Malays protest against the Malayan Union?
it decentralized government from Kuala Lumpur
it helped immigration from China and India
it included the island of Singapore
it offered citizenship to many non-Malays
What was the direct result of the British proposals for a Malayan Union?
Malaya gained its independence
Singapore became part of the Union
The British were able to defeat the Communist Emergency
The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) was formed
Why did the Malays oppose the formation of the Malayan Union?
Education was to be in English.
The production of rubber was to be cut.
The Sultans would have too much power.
Too many Chinese would be given citizenship.
Which of the following were reasons for the implementation of the Federation of Malaya in 1948?
Malay opposition to the Malayan Union scheme.
Chinese opposition to the Malayan Union scheme.
protests from retired British administrators in England.
Who led the opposition to the Federation proposals?
Dato Onn bin Jaafar
Ibrahim Yaacob
Tan Cheng Lock
Captain Gammans
Which British High Commissioner declared the State of Emergency in Malaya in 1948?
Gent
Gurney
MacGillivray
Templer
Who was the military commander of the communist forces in Malaya at the start of the Emergency?
Chin Peng
Lai Teck
Lau Yew
Tan Cheng Lock
Why was a state of Emergency was declared in Malaya in 1948?
the declaration gave the Government and the police more powers to deal with the Communists.
the Government could not defeat the communists.
the communists became more violent and committed many murders in the Malay States.
the Government did not have enough troops.
Who disappeared with the Malayan Communist Party's funds in 1947?
Chin Ping
Lau Yew
Lai Teck
Tan Cheng Lock
What happened to Sir Henry Gurney in 1951?
He became High Commissioner.
He was murdered by communists.
He was knighted by the British king.
He was recalled to Britain.
Who formed the Malayan People's Anti-British Army?
Chin Ping
Lai Teck
Lau Yew
Tan Cheng Lock
There was a derailed train in Malaya in 1950. Whose activities does this illustrate?
British security forces
Communist
Communist guerillas
the MPAJA
Name the British High Commissioner who was assassinated on his way to Fraser's Hill.
Harold Briggs
Edward Gent
Henry Gurney
Harold MacMichael
Which event led to the declaration of the state of emergency in June 1948?
the assassination of Sir Henry Gurney
the death of Lau Yew
the collapse of the Baling Talks
the murder of three European planters in Perak
Who introduced the policy of moving the Chinese rural population into new villages during the Emergency?
Briggs
Gurney
Reid
Templer
What was the Briggs Plan?
Villagers and squatters were resettled in New Villages.
The Chinese were moved to the cities.
The British reorganized the police force to defeat the communists.
Protection was given to villagers in their villages.
Sir Henry Gurney was shot by the communists in 1951. Who succeeded him as High Commissioner of Malaya?
Briggs
Gent
Reid
Templer
Which British official set up War Executive Committees to help deal with Communists in the Emergency in Malaya?
Briggs
Gent
Gurney
Templer
'White Area' were introduced in 1952 in Malaya during the Emergency. What were 'White Areas'?
areas declared free of Communist guerilla influence
areas protected by barbed-wire fences
areas put under curfew and food restrictions
areas which declared allegiance to the MCP
Which of the following is NOT the reason for the failure of the communists in Malaya?
The communist received more help from other communist outside Malaya.
The cruelty and the terrorist activities of the communists made the people hate them.
The support and help of the villagers living in squatters were insufficient.
The British succeeded in bringing together the different communities to join together to fight the communists.
Who attended the Baling Talks (1955) as a representative of the MCP?
Chin Peng
Lai Teck
Lau Yew
Lim Yew Hock
What was the result of the failure of the Baling Talks in 1955?
Britain closed the naval base in Singapore
Chin Peng dissolved the MCP
Malaya was granted independence
The Communist uprising continued
When the Baling Talks were held, the MCP was represented by Chin Peng. Who represent the government side?
General Templer, David Marshall and Tengku Abdul Rahman.
Tan Cheng Lock, Dato Onn bin Jaafar and David Marshall
David Marshall, Tengku Abdul Rahman and Tan Cheng Lock
Lim Yew Hock, Tengku Abdul Rahman and David Marshall
On 28 and 29 December 1955, Tunku Abdul Rahman met leaders of the Malayan Communist Party to negotiate for peace. Where was the place?
Alor Star
Baling
Bangkok
Singapore
Why was the British introduce the Member System into Malaya after the Second World War?
to help to prepare the Malayan people to run their country
to prevent the Japanese from invading again
to protect the Chinese commercial interests
to stop the growth of political parties in Malaya
Who became President of the Malayan Chinese Association in 1949?
Chin Peng
Lai Teck
Tan Cheng Lock
Tan Siew Sin
Which Malayan parties joined with UMNO to form the Alliance in 1951?
MCA and MIC
MCP and PPP
MCA and MCP
MIC and PPP
Which of the following was NOT the aim of Malayan Chinese Association (MCA)?
To protect Chinese interests in Malaya
To co-operate with the government
To unite the Chinese against the Communist
To fight the Japanese
Which one of the following parties won 51 of the 52 seats during the 1955 General Election?
the Labour Party
the Pan-Malayan Islamic Party
the People's Progressive Party
the UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance
Why was the Reid Commission set up?
work out constitution for an independent Malaya
seek independence for Malaya
advise the Malayan leaders
give Malaya limited self-government
What was the role of the Reid Commission in 1957?
to bring end to the Emergency
to draw up a constitution for Malaya
to recommend constitutional changes in Singapore
to see whether Sabah and Sarawak wanted to join Malaysia
For how long, according to the Malayan Merdeka Constitution, is the Head of State hold office?
6 months
1 year
3 years
5 years
Which of the following was part of the Merdeka Constitution of 1957?
Citizenship was confined to Malays
Power was kept in the hands of the British High Commissioner
Residents would continue to advise the Sultans
There was to be an elected royal Head of State
Who became Malaya's first Chief Minister?
David Marshall
Dato Onn bin Jaafar
Tengku Abdul Rahman
Tan Cheng Lock
Tengku Abdul Rahman led the Merdeka mission to London in 1956. What was the main aim of this mission?
Ask for complete independence from Britain within two years.
Ask for Malaya representation in London Parliament.
Dissuade the British government from citizenship to Chinese and Indians.
Ask for the establishment of a Muslim republic in Malaya.
Who was the head of the nation under the Merdeka Constitution?
Prime Minister
President
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
