WorksheetsUnit 1 AP Govt Review
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins
After the U.S. Constitution was ratified, Sec. of treasury Hamilton proposed a series of economic policies, including the establishment of a national bank. In 1791, congress passed a law that created the National Bank. In 1819, Maryland passed a law imposing a tax on the bank. The law was challenged, and the Supreme Court heard the case McCulloch v Maryland in 1819. What was the ruling made by the Court?
Congress had the constitutional authority under the necessary and proper clause to establish the bank
the bank was illegal because states had the concurrent power to tax
The United States did not have the constitutional authority to establish the bank. The creation of banks was strictly a state matter
The bank could print money to pay for the tax that was imposed on it by Maryland
Which constitutional principle makes it possible to have differences in voting laws among states?
The 14th Amendment equal protection clause
Separation of powers
Judicial review
the reserve power clause of the 10th Amendment
“These men had, however, certain features in common, and they were all placed in an analogous situation. The tie of language is perhaps, the strongest and the most durable that can unite mankind. All emigrants spoke the same language; they were all children of the same people. Born in a country which had been agitated for centuries by the struggles of faction, and in which all parties had been obliged in their turn to place themselves under the protection of the laws, their political education had been perfected in this rude school; and they were more conversant with the notions of right and the principles of true freedom than the greater part of their European contemporaries. At the period of the first emigrations the township system, that fruitful germ of free institutions, was deeply rooted in the habits of the English; and with it the doctrine of sovereignty of the people had been introduced into the very bosom of the monarchy of the house of Tudor.” - Democracy in America by Tocqueville (1832)
Which of the following core American values is reflected by Tocqueville in this passage?
Equality of opportunity
Individualism
Free enterprise
Equality of outcome
Tocqueville describes how England “had been agitated for centuries by the struggles of faction.” Which of the following required foundation documents refers to factions?
Federalist 10
Declaration of Independence
Bill of Rights
Federalist 51
“Men being, as has been said, by nature, all free, equal, and independent, no one can be put out of this estate, and subjected to the political power of another, without his own consent. The only way whereby any one divests himself of his natural liberty, and puts on the bonds of civil society, is by agreeing with other men to join and unite into a community for their comfortable, safe, and peaceable living one amongst another, in a secure enjoyment of their properties, and a greater security against any, that are not of it.” - John Locke’s Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690)
What is the main idea of John Locke's passage in the Second Treatise of Civil Government?
Men are naturally free, equal, and independent.
Men are naturally subject to political power.
Men cannot live comfortably in a community.
Men should not consent to join a community.
According to John Locke, what is required for a person to be subjected to the political power of another?
Their own consent.
The consent of the community.
The consent of the government.
No consent is required.
How does John Locke suggest individuals can achieve greater security and enjoyment of their properties?
By joining and uniting into a community.
By living independently and avoiding society.
By subjecting themselves to political power without consent.
By rejecting the bonds of civil society.
Which document used the philosophy found in this quote?
The Declaration of Independence
The Articles of Confederation
The Constitution
The Bill of Rights
Which of the following situations would be a violation of the due process section of the 6th Amendment?
A person arrested not told he has the right to a lawyer
The police finding evidence without a search warrant
The police tell you that unless you confess to stealing a candy bar, your bail will be set at $50,000,000
The police use the stop-and-frisk practice that results in an arrest
“It is equally evident, that the members of each department should be as little dependent as possible on those of the others, for the emoluments annexed to their offices. Were the executive magistrate, or the judges, not independent of the legislature in this particular, their independence in every other would be merely nominal. But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary.” - Federalist 51, James Madison
What is the main argument presented in the passage regarding the independence of government departments?
Government departments should be completely independent of each other.
Members of each department should be as little dependent as possible on others for emoluments.
The executive magistrate and judges should be dependent on the legislature.
The concentration of powers in one department is beneficial.
How does the passage suggest ambition should be used in the context of government?
Ambition should be eliminated from government roles.
Ambition should be used to counteract ambition.
Ambition should be ignored in government settings.
Ambition should be encouraged to concentrate power.
Which of the following best represents the point of view in Federalist 51?
Each branch of government should be dependent on the each other
Those in power get the right to govern from a higher authority
The best security against the concentration of power would be a Bill of Rights
Dividing power helps to check the power of government
Which of the following constitutional provisions is reflected in Federalist 51?
Federalism
Separation of powers
Supremacy clause
The Senate filibuster
Why did Madison claim that “if men were angels, no government would be necessary”?
Madison believed the goodness of people would ensure that government would make good policies
Madison believed there was no need for free elections
Madison believed religion would guide the wisdom of those who governed
Madison believed it was the nature of those who governed to need a check on their power
What could have happened if the ideas expressed in Federalist 51 were ignored?
Majorities would not have threatened the rights of minorities
There would not have been three branches of government
The legislature, executive branch, and judiciary would have been independent from each other
Minorities would have threatened the rights of the majority
“By holding that Congress may regulate activity that is neither interstate nor commerce under the Interstate Commerce Clause, The Court abandons any attempt to enforce the Constitution’s limits on federal power.” - Justice Clarence Thomas, dissenting opinion, Gonzales v Raich
Which of the following statements best describes the viewpoints conveyed in the quotation?
The federal government’s authority under the commerce clause applies to interstate activity and commercial activity
The commerce clause allows the federal government to regulate commercial activity within each state
The 10th Amendment established a federal system of government where powers are reserved to the states
The system of federalism is threatened by the national government’s expansion of power under the commerce clause
Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v Maryland?
The Court ruled that states have authority over commercial activity within their borders, weakening national power
The Court ruled that the necessary and proper clause allows the national government to create a national bank, strengthening national power
The Court upheld a division of power between the states and the national government by allowing states to tax national banks within their borders
The Court ruled that creating a national bank fell within the national government’s enumerated powers, confirming national power
Federal nutrition guidelines require public schools to serve healthy lunches to students and limit the amount of “junk food” available in vending machines. A state seeking to challenge these nutrition rules would most likely cite which of the following cases?
McCulloch v Maryland
United States v Lopez
Gibbons v Ogden
Marbury v Madison
“ The idea of a [unitary] government involves in it, not only an authority over the individual citizens, but an indefinite supremacy over all persons and things, so far as they are objects of lawful government…. In [that] case, all local authorities are subordinate to the supreme; and may be controlled, directed, or abolished by it at pleasure. In [a federal system], the [regional] authorities form distinct and independent portions of the supremacy, no more subject, within their respective spheres, to the general authority, than the general authority is subject to them, within its own sphere.” - James Madison, Federalist 39
What is a key characteristic of a unitary government according to James Madison in Federalist 39?
Indefinite supremacy over all persons and things
Equal power distribution among local authorities
Complete independence of regional authorities
Limited control over individual citizens
How does a federal system differ from a unitary government based on the passage?
Regional authorities are independent within their spheres
Local authorities can be abolished by the supreme authority
The general authority has supremacy over all regions
Individual citizens have more power in a federal system
In the context of the passage, how might a unitary government affect local authorities?
Local authorities may be controlled or abolished by the supreme authority
Local authorities have complete independence
Local authorities share equal power with the supreme authority
Local authorities are more powerful than the supreme authority
Which of the following statements best describes the author’s perspective and reasoning?
The U.S. Constitution should be ratified because a unitary government is preferable to the Articles of Confederation
The powers that the Constitution would grant to the national government will not intrude upon the power of state governments
The supremacy clause will subordinate state governments to the federal sphere
Lawful government has the authority to make any laws it deems necessary and proper for effectuating a peaceful society
Which constitutional concept is best reflected in the passage?
Checks and balances
Constitutional supremacy
Federalism
Separation of powers
Why did Shays’s Rebellion raise concerns about the effectiveness of the Article of Confederation?
It demonstrated the weakness of state legislatures
It demonstrated the financial insecurity of the national government
It raised fears about tyranny of the minority
It raised fears about tyranny of the majority
How do separation of powers and federalism impact civil society?
The reserved powers of the states protect the rights of assembly and free speech, ensuring a lively civil society
The Constitution prevents the formation of civil society groups that operate as factions
Wealthy groups have more access to policymakers
There are multiple access points for civil society groups to influence policymaking
“He has the power of receiving ambassadors from, and a great influence on their appointments to foreign courts; as also to make treaties, leagues, and alliances with foreign states, assisted by the Senate, which when made becomes the supreme law of land. He is a constituent part of the legislative power, for every bill which shall pass the House of Representatives and Senate is to be presented to him for approbation. If he approves of it he is to sign it, if he disapproves is to return it with objections, which in many cases will amount to a complete negative; and in this view he will have a great share in the power of making peace, coining money, etc., and all the various objects of legislation, expressed or implied in this Constitution.” - George Clinton, Anti-Federalist paper #67
What power does the individual described in the passage have regarding foreign relations?
Receiving ambassadors and influencing their appointments
Declaring war independently
Negotiating treaties without Senate approval
Appointing foreign leaders
How does the individual described in the passage participate in the legislative process?
By signing or vetoing bills
By drafting legislation
By voting in the Senate
By appointing members of the House
What role does the Senate play in the treaty-making process according to the passage?
Assisting in making treaties
Approving treaties independently
Drafting treaties
Negotiating treaties directly
What is the significance of the individual's power to return a bill with objections?
It can amount to a complete negative
It allows for immediate law enactment
It bypasses the legislative process
It automatically becomes law
Which of the following statements summarizes the argument made in Anti-Federalist paper #67?
The Constitution creates an executive with too much power
Checks and balances make it too difficult to pass laws
Treaties will become the supreme law of the land
The Constitution makes the president a member of the legislature
Which of the following statements in Federalist #51 directly addresses the arguments made in Anti-Federalist paper # 67?
“A dependence on the People is, no doubt, the primary control on the government.”
“Different interests necessarily exist in different classes of citizens.”
“Each department should have a will of its own.”
“The society itself will be broken into so many parts … that the rights of individuals … will be in little danger.”
Which of the following best describes the impact of the 3 / 5 Compromise?
Southern states received more representation in the House of Representatives
Southern states received more representation in the Senate
The compromise expanded the rights of Black Americans
The compromise increased the political power of state governments in the South
Which of the following best describes an argument made in Federalist 10?
Factions can be eliminated through a system of checks and balances
Factions are healthy because they represent different political viewpoints
Factions are inevitable, but republican government can control them
Factions are necessary to protect the minority from tyranny of the majority
Reorder the following
The Declaration of Indenpendence
The Articles of Confederation
Shays Rebellion
The U S Constitution
The Bill of Rights
Schools won’t have to cut the salt in meals just yet and they can serve kids fewer whole grains, under changes to federal nutrition standards announced Monday. The move by the Trump administration rolls back rules championed by former first lady Michelle Obama as part of her healthy eating initiative. - U.S. News and World Report, Mary 2, 2017
Which of the following best describes the trend explained in the passage?
Devolution of power
The use of grants-in-aid to influence state policies
Executive oversight
Congressional authority under the commerce clause
Which part of the Constitution would states use to challenge federal nutrition guidelines?
The 10th Amendment
The necessary and proper clause
The supremacy clause
Full faith and credit clause
What was the impact of the Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v Maryland?
The commerce clause was used to expand the power of state governments
The 10th Amendment was used to expand the power of state governments
The national government gained power in comparison to the states
The necessary and proper clause was used to expand the power of the executive
Which of the following describes a republican government?
The power of government is clearly specified in the Constitution
A social contract exists between the government and the people
Representatives are elected to carry out the will of the people
Citizens have the opportunity to vote directly on policies
Which of the following arguments would a proponent of the pluralist system of political participation most likely make?
American democracy is enhanced when groups representing all points of view participate in making public policy
Gridlock results when too many groups seek to influence the policymaking process
Although many groups participate in policy making, wealthy groups have the most influence
American society should return to a rugged frontier philosophy
Power is distributed between the national and state governments.
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Republic
Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty
Government authority (power) comes from the people
Limited Government
Leaders have to follow rules as well
Republicanism
Citizens vote to elect their leaders
Separation of Powers
Defined the jobs of the 3 branches of government
Declaration of Independence
T.J., unalienable rights, list of grievances
U.S. Constitution
7 principles, bill of rights
Articles of Confederation
1st weak U.S. Constitution, NO PACCT
Mayflower Compact
self-government, social contract, pilgrims
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1st constitution of the colonies, extended voting rights
Adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776:
The Constitution
The Declaration of Independence
The Continental Army
The Bill of Rights
Place the separations of powers under the correct branch of government below
Interprets laws (unconstitutional)
Enforces laws
Congress
President
Supreme Court
Makes bills (proposed laws
The constitutional organization in the diagram was directly influenced by the ideas of (a) . He argued that the three branches were important because they prevented (b) in the government
Match the following
Article 1- Legislative
House of Representatives and Senate
Aticle 2- Executive
President
Aricle 3- Judicial
Supreme Court
Separation of Powers
divide power in 3 branches, Montesquieu
Why does the government have checks and balances?
To stop one branch from getting too powerful.
To prevent the president from acting like a king/queen.
To prevent laws that are unfair/unconstitutional.
All of the above.
What did the Connecticut Compromise help to establish?
A bicameral legislature
Universal male suffrage
Separation of powers
An independent judiciary
In a ______ system, local and regional governments derive authority from the national government (they are extensions of it)
Unitary
Confederate
Federal
Constitutional
While they were known for being wary of a strong national government, and champions of States' rights, which of the following generally opposed the Senate because it would operate as an "aristocratic" upper house?
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Whigs
Torries
Which theory contends that American society is divided along class lines?
Hyperpluralism
Elitism
Pluralism
Bureaucratism
A _________ grant is a large grant to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines.
Federal
Business
Block
Categorical
______ is an exclusive power of the federal govt, and ____ is a concurrent power shared with the states.
Declaring war, levying taxes
Creating banks, controlling the postal system
Making laws, conducting elections
Regulating commerce, establishing local governments
The New Jersey Plan was a reaction by some states primarily to the fear that
the president could use a legislative veto
the Virginia Plan gave too much power to populous states
Hamilton's National Bank would threaten foreign investments
the national government had too much power under the Articles of Confederation
"By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community"
Federalist #10
Federalist #51
Federalist #70
Federalist #78
“But if, on the other hand, this form of government contains principles that will lead to the subversion of liberty—if it tends to establish a despotism, or, what is worse, a tyrannic aristocracy; then, if you adopt it, this only remaining assylum for liberty will be shut up, and posterity will execrate your memory.”
Declaration of Independence
Articles of Confederation
Brutus #1
Federalist #10
“If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary”
Federalist #10
Federalist #51
Federalist #70
Federalist #78
“That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government”
Declaration of Independence
Articles of Confederation
U.S. Constitution
Letter from Birmingham Jail
“In republican government the legislative authority, necessarily, predominates. The remedy for this invonvenience is, to divide the legislative into different branches.”
Federalist #10
Federalist #51
Federalist #70
Federalist #78
"No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control of the Congress. "
Declaration of Independence
Articles of Confederation
U.S. Constitution
Federalist #51
"Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled."
Articles of Confederation
U.S. Constitution
Federalist #51
Letter from Birmingham Jail
"Let us now proceed to enquire . . . whether it be best the thirteen United States should be reduced to one great republic, or not? It is here taken for granted, that all agree in this, that whatever government we adopt, it ought to be a free one; that it should be so framed as to secure the liberty of the citizens of America, and such an one as to admit of a full, fair, and equal representation of the people."
Articles of Confederation
Brutus #1
Federalist #10
Letter from Birmingham Jail
In Federalist No. 10, did Madison favor small or large republics?
Small
Large
Neither, because he favored medium republics.
Which of the following would least likely be favored by state governments?
unfunded mandates
categorical grants
block grants
revenue sharing
In United States v. Morrison, the Supreme Court struck down the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, stating: "Gender-motivated crimes of violence are not, in any sense of the phrase, economic activity. While we need not adopt a categorical rule against aggregating the effects of any non economical activity in order to decide these cases, thus far in our Nation's history out cases have upheld Commerce Clause regulation of intrastate activity only where that activity is economic in nature."
Which of the following cases best serves as precedent for the decision in United States v. Morrison?
U.S. v. Lopez
Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland
None of these cases could serve as precedent.
"Liberty is to faction what air is to fire", James Madison wrote in which paper?
Federalist #10
Federalist #51
Federalist # 70
Brutus I
In McCulloch v. Maryland , the Supreme Court established which of the following principles?
States cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government.
The judicial branch cannot intervene in political disputes between the President and Congress.
The federal Bill of Rights places no limitations on the states.
It is within the judiciary's authority to interpret the constitution.
The Constitution grants Congress the power to establish post offices and post roads. This is an example of
enumerated powers
implied powers
reserved powers
concurrent powers
Which of the following was stipulated in Article III of the Constitution?
creation of the Supreme Court
executive powers
powers of Congress
full faith and credit clause
The Constitution's Preamble, beginning with the words "We the People," is an illustration of ____.
laissez-faire capitalism
political equality
popular sovereignty
minority rights
political rights
Which of the following is the source of Congress' implied powers?
Marbury v. Madison
Necessary and Proper Clause
Due Process Clause
10th Amendment
