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ESB-U1Q4: Galaxies, Solar System, and Our Sun - 2025 Pulse Check

Total questions: 35

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
An astronomer wants to compare the luminosities (brightness) of a sample of stars as a function of their temperatures. When designing her data table, which variable belongs in the left column of the table?
a)
temperature
b)
luminosity (brightness)
2.
An astronomer wants to compare the luminosities (brightness) of a sample of stars as a function of their temperatures. When designing her graph, which variable belongs on the vertical (Y) axis of the graph?
a)
temperature
b)
luminosity (brightness)
3.
Which of the following descriptions applies to a scientific theory? Select any that apply.
a)
unlikely to be proven false
b)
a majority, if not all, scientists accept it
c)
supported by extensive (repeated) testing
d)
provides an explanation for many observations
e)
universal truth
4.
Which of the following observations are explained by the Big Bang and Cosmic Inflation Theories? Select any that apply.
a)
The red-shift of distant galaxies
b)
Gravitational waves in the fabric of space-time
c)
The abundance of hydrogen and helium in the Universe
d)
Cosmic Microwave Background radiation permeating the Universe
e)
The formation of galaxies
5.
What determines the fate of a star?
a)
its age
b)
its color
c)
its mass
d)
its temperature
6.
Which of the following are the missing stages in the life cycle of a lower-mass star (like the Sun)? Stage 1. Protostar; Stage 2. Main Sequence star; Stage 3. Red giant; Stage 4. __?__; Stage 5. __?__
a)
Planetary nebula; White dwarf
b)
Supernova; Black hole
c)
Supernova; Neutron star
d)
Supernova; White dwarf
e)
Planetary nebula; Black hole
7.
Which of the following are the missing stages in the life cycle of a giant (highest-mass) star? Stage 1. Protostar; Stage 2. Main Sequence star; Stage 3. Red supergiant; Stage 4. __?__; Stage 5. __?__
a)
Supernova; Black hole
b)
Supernova; Neutron star
c)
Supernova; White dwarf
d)
Planetary nebula; Black hole
e)
Planetary nebula; Neutron star
8.
What properties do astronomers use to classify stars? Select any that apply.
a)
size
b)
color
c)
temperature
d)
distance from Earth
e)
brightness (absolute)
9.
Identify the most stable stars.
a)
Main Sequence stars
b)
Red Giant stars
c)
Supergiant stars
d)
White Dwarf stars
10.
Identify the oldest stars.
a)
Main Sequence stars
b)
Red Giant stars
c)
Supergiant stars
d)
White Dwarf stars
11.
Capella, a red giant star, is approximately the same temperature as the Sun. Why is Capella brighter?
a)
Capella is brighter because it's red.
b)
Capella is brighter because it's larger.
c)
Capella is brighter because it's hotter.
d)
Capella is brighter because it's younger.
12.
Moving from left to right along the Main Sequence, does the brightness of a star increase or decrease?
a)
increase
b)
decrease
13.
Similar to most galaxies in the Universe, the Milky Way is a(n) _____ galaxy.
a)
elliptical
b)
irregular
c)
peculiar
d)
spiral
14.
Which of the following is true of the Milky Way Galaxy? Select any that apply.
a)
The Milky Way is 10 billion years old
b)
The Milky Way is 100,000 light-years across
c)
The Milky Way contains at least 200 billion stars
d)
There may be more planets than stars in the Milky Way
e)
The Milky Way is one of the largest galaxies in the Local Group
15.
Which of the following is NOT a method used to detect exoplanets?
a)
Direct imaging of planets
b)
Transit of a planet in front of a star
c)
Probes placed in orbit around exoplanets
d)
Doppler shift of light wavelengths due to star movement
e)
Microlensing caused by the bending of light around massive objects in space
16.
Select the correct sequence in the formation of a solar system:
a)
planetary nebula → protostar → accretion of protoplanets
b)
disk shaped cloud of gas and dust → accretion of protoplanets → planetary nebula
c)
disk shaped cloud of gas and dust → colliding planetismals → accretion of protoplanets
d)
accretion of protoplanets → colliding planetismals → disk shaped cloud of gas and dust
17.
Which of the following observations are explained by the Nebular Theory of solar system formation? Select any that apply.
a)
The Sun and planets are on an ecliptic plane
b)
The planets rotate on their axes in the same direction
c)
The planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction
d)
The presence of asteroids (failed protoplanets) in the solar system
e)
The red shift of galaxies
18.
Based on the Nebular Theory, planets are _____ their stars.
a)
older than
b)
younger than
c)
the same age as
19.
Which statements best explain the size and composition of the inner planets? Select any that apply.
a)
The inner planets are made of ice because they are far from the Sun where it is so cold that gases condense into solids.
b)
The inner planets are made of rock because they are close to the Sun where it is hot and only rock and metals can exist as solids.
c)
The inner planets are small because there was a limited amount of rock and metals available to build protoplanets.
d)
The inner planets are large because there was an abundance of gases available to build the protoplanets.
20.
Which statements best explain the size and composition of the outer planets? Select any that apply.
a)
The outer planets have icy interiors because they are far from the Sun where it is so cold that gases condense into solids.
b)
The outer planets have rocky interiors because they are close to the Sun where it is hot and only rock and metals can exist as solids.
c)
The outer planets are large because there was an abundance of gases available to build the protoplanets.
d)
The outer planets are small because there was a limited amount of materials available to build protoplanets.
21.
Select the properties of the inner planets:
a)
small and dense
b)
rocky surface
c)
layers, including an iron core
d)
ice cores and thick atmospheres
e)
rings made of ice and rock
22.
Identify the inner planets in our solar system. Select any that apply.
a)
Earth
b)
Mars
c)
Mercury
d)
Venus
e)
Jupiter
23.
Which of the following is true of our Sun? Select any that apply.
a)
The Sun is a yellow star.
b)
The Sun is primarily composed of hydrogen.
c)
The Sun is a Main Sequence star.
d)
The Sun will end it's life cycle as a White Dwarf star.
e)
The Sun comprises almost all of the mass of the solar system.
24.
Thermonuclear fusion occurs in the Sun's _____.
a)
core
b)
chromosphere
c)
convection zone
d)
corona
e)
photosphere
25.
When we look at the Sun we are looking at the star's _____.
a)
photosphere
b)
chromosphere
c)
convection zone
d)
core
e)
corona
26.

An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. This is an example of a...

a)

hypothesis

b)

theory

c)

law

27.

Which of the following is a prediction of what occurs in the natural world in specific circumstances, but doe NOT explain why or how it occurs?

a)

Law

b)

Theory

c)

Experiment

d)

Hypothesis

28.
Why is the Hubble telescope located in space?
a)
So it can be closer to the stars it magnifies
b)
They have very large optical lenses
c)
So its images arent distorted by Earth's atmosphere 
d)
So it can be operated by astronauts 
29.

Which of the following accurately describes the main reaction that generates the Sun's light?

a)

Oxygen reacts with carbon to form carbon dioxide.

b)

Hydrogen nuclei fuse, forming helium and releasing energy.

c)

Light reacts with water to form glucose.

d)

Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide.

30.

Which of the following describes a major role of gravity in star formation?

a)

Gravity causes an interstellar cloud fragment to expand rapidly until it is large enough to form a star at its center.

b)

Asteroids passing by a solar system are pulled in by planets' gravities to form a star at the center of the solar system.

c)

The gravitational forces of planets push gases from their atmospheres to form a star at the solar system's center.

d)

Gravity compresses gases at the center of a solar nebula until temperatures are high enough for nuclear fusion to occur.

31.

Stars are 96% - 99% ____ and ___.

a)

gas, dust

b)

helium, hydrogen

c)

hydrogen, helium

d)

hydrogen, carbon

32.

Dust clouds that reflect the light of nearby bright massive stars are called ___

a)

mirror nebulae

b)

emission nebulae

c)

reflection nebulae

d)

excited nebulae

33.

A cloud of gas that has been excited by light from a nearby star is called ___

a)

a reflection nebula

b)

an emission nebula

c)

a lit nebula

d)

a glowing nebula

34.

A company wants to test a new dog food that is supposed to help overweight dogs lose weight. 50 dogs are chosen to get the new food, and 50 more continue their normal diets. After one month, the dogs are checked to see if they lost any weight. What is the dependent variable in this scenario?

a)

amount of dog food

b)

type of dog food

c)

the weight of the dog

d)

the breed of the dog

35.

Cindy wanted to find out how the amount of sunlight affects the growth of plants. She placed two tomato plants in 10 inch pots with potting soil and watered them ¼ cup each day. One plant was placed under a cardboard box and one was placed in the sunlight. She measured the growth of the plant each week for three weeks.

What are two CONSTANTS? (Select 2)

a)

Using the same type of plant

b)

Each plant was placed in a 10 inch pot

c)

The growth of the plant

d)

One plant is in the sunlight and the other is under a box

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