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C Materials Science - Nanomaterials Practice SciOly

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which process removes surface material layer by layer?

a)

Deposition

b)

Milling

c)

Etching

d)

Sintering

2.

Which term describes spontaneous organization at surfaces?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Self-assembly

c)

Capillarity

d)

Sublimation

3.

Conductivity in a semiconductor increases with temperature because:

a)

Bandgap widens

b)

Lattice scattering decreases

c)

Mobility increases

d)

More electrons are thermally excited across the bandgap

4.

Which of the following improves fracture toughness in nanoceramics?

a)

Surface oxidation

b)

Grain coarsening

c)

Crack bridging

d)

Porosity increase

5.

The solvent in UV-Vis should be:

a)

Conductive

b)

Opaque

c)

Transparent in measurement range

d)

Strongly absorbing

6.

Which top-down method requires vacuum?

a)

Sputtering

b)

Wet etching

c)

Milling

d)

Polishing

7.

Coulomb blockade is more significant when:

a)

Capacitance is very small

b)

Tunneling is absent

c)

Resistance is infinite

d)

Capacitance is large

8.

The slope of the linear region of a stress-strain curve gives:

a)

Ultimate strength

b)

Hardness

c)

Yield strength

d)

Elastic modulus

9.

Surface plasmons are:

a)

Photon scattering events

b)

Vibrations of lattice atoms

c)

Oscillations of conduction electrons

d)

Elastic deformation

10.

Modulus mismatch in nanocomposites affects:

a)

Density

b)

Optical absorption

c)

Melting temperature

d)

Stress transfer

11.

IR absorption occurs when:

a)

X-ray emission occurs

b)

Vibration changes polarizability

c)

Energy gap changes

d)

Vibration changes dipole moment

12.

Which property allows graphene oxide films to appear transparent yet conductive?

a)

Large band gap

b)

Scattering

c)

Atomic thinness

d)

Defects

13.

Spin-coating is commonly used to:

a)

Deposit thin films

b)

Etch surfaces

c)

Ball mill powders

d)

Measure coercivity

14.

Self-assembled nanostructures can be disrupted by:

a)

Using more pressure

b)

Milling faster

c)

Etching longer

d)

Changing solvent polarity

15.

Nanostructures on butterfly wings reduce reflection using:

a)

Refractive mismatch

b)

Surface texturing

c)

Absorption only

d)

Quantum confinement

16.

Which method uses particle bombardment of solid target?

a)

Milling

b)

Polishing

c)

Sputtering

d)

Lithography

17.

Which nanomaterial is added to lubricants to reduce friction?

a)

SiO₂ nanoparticles

b)

Gold nanoparticles

c)

Fullerenes

d)

Graphene oxide

18.

The "inverse Hall–Petch effect" means:

a)

Yield strength increases with dislocation density

b)

Hardness increases indefinitely

c)

Strength decreases at very small grain sizes

d)

Stress is proportional to strain

19.

Alloys often have lower thermal conductivity than pure elements because:

a)

Mass-disorder scatters phonons

b)

They have higher electronic conductivity always

c)

Their Debye temperature is infinite

d)

They are denser

20.

A polymer nanocomposite shows improved tensile strength. Likely reason?

a)

Reduced crystallinity

b)

Reinforcement by nanofillers

c)

Higher porosity

d)

Thermal degradation

21.

What is the smallest achievable feature size in e-beam lithography?

a)

~1 μm

b)

~10 nm

c)

~100 μm

d)

~1 mm

22.

A drawback of MBE is:

a)

High cost and slow growth rates

b)

No crystalline order

c)

No atomic precision

d)

Lack of vacuum

23.

Ballistic conduction occurs when:

a)

Mean free path ≥ device length

b)

Scattering dominates

c)

Mean free path < device length

d)

Resistance is infinite

24.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) typically form on:

a)

Diamond plates

b)

Copper wires

c)

Steel sheets

d)

Gold substrates

25.

TEM can achieve resolution on the order of:

a)

10 nm

b)

1 nm

c)

100 nm

d)

0.1 nm

26.

Which of the following is a limitation of SEM?

a)

Works only with transparent materials

b)

Requires conductive samples

c)

Cannot magnify beyond 1000x

d)

Poor surface resolution

27.

Thermal conductivity is an example of an:

a)

Statistical property

b)

Intensive property

c)

Neither intensive nor extensive

d)

Extensive property

28.

Melting point depression is most pronounced in:

a)

Bulk polycrystals

b)

Large single crystals

c)

Nanotubes with defects

d)

Smaller nanoparticles

29.

The sol-gel process can produce:

a)

Diamonds

b)

Polymers only

c)

Steel sheets

d)

Aerogels

30.

Which parameter most affects phonon scattering in thin films?

a)

Magnetic moment

b)

Exciton radius

c)

Dielectric constant

d)

Thickness

31.

The field emission gun (FEG) in SEM improves:

a)

Sample thickness

b)

AFM tip sharpness

c)

Tunneling current

d)

Resolution

32.

XPS depth profiling is achieved by:

a)

Laser excitation

b)

Ion sputtering

c)

Phase contrast

d)

Diffraction

33.

Wear is measured in:

a)

Absorbance per wavelength

b)

Stress per strain

c)

Volume loss per sliding distance

d)

Density per area

34.

In cryo-TEM, why is vitrification needed?

a)

Reduce scattering

b)

Increase conductivity

c)

Increase diffraction

d)

Prevent crystallization of water

35.

Which is true of surfactant micelles?

a)

Random orientation

b)

Hydrophobic tails inward

c)

Hydrophilic heads inward

d)

Only in air

36.

Which material is best for transformer cores?

a)

Hard ferromagnets

b)

Soft ferromagnets

c)

Diamagnets

d)

Antiferromagnets

37.

In STM, tunneling current depends exponentially on:

a)

Photon energy

b)

Tip-sample distance

c)

Sample thickness

d)

Tip radius

38.

Which nanomaterial is hydrophobic and used in waterproof coatings?

a)

SiO2 nanoparticles

b)

Quantum dots

c)

Graphene oxide

d)

Carbon nanotubes

39.

Which metal nanoparticles are commonly used for plasmonics?

a)

Au and Ag

b)

Zn and CuO

c)

Ti and Fe

d)

Si and C

40.

Nanocoatings reduce fatigue crack growth by:

a)

Absorbing strain energy

b)

Increasing dislocation density

c)

Reducing density

d)

Adding porosity

41.

Wear is defined as:

a)

Density decrease

b)

Optical scattering

c)

Material loss from surface during contact

d)

Elastic recovery

42.

Which process often requires clean rooms?

a)

Sputtering

b)

Lithography

c)

Etching

d)

Milling

43.

A hysteresis loop with large coercivity indicates:

a)

Soft magnetic material

b)

Non-magnetic material

c)

Paramagnetic material

d)

Hard magnetic material

44.

Which is the main difference between ALD and CVD?

a)

ALD grows one monolayer at a time

b)

CVD uses no precursors

c)

ALD is mechanical

d)

CVD uses grinding

45.

The transient hot-wire method is commonly used to measure:

a)

Thermal conductivity of solids only

b)

Optical constants

c)

Electrical permittivity

d)

Thermal conductivity of fluids

46.

Which of the following is NOT a carbon-based nanomaterial?

a)

Graphene

b)

Silica nanoparticle

c)

Nanotube

d)

Fullerene

47.

Which nanomaterial is used in textiles for stain resistance?

a)

Gold nanoparticles

b)

SiO2 nanoparticles

c)

Carbon nanotubes

d)

Graphene

48.

Percolation threshold in composites is the point where:

a)

Conductive network forms, sudden increase in conductivity

b)

Material becomes insulating

c)

No carriers are present

d)

Breakdown field is reached

49.

The Hall–Petch relationship relates hardness to:

a)

Elastic modulus

b)

Defect density

c)

Porosity

d)

Grain boundary density

50.

In chemical vapor deposition, the material is formed by:

a)

Mechanical alloying

b)

Condensation of vaporized material

c)

Decomposition of gaseous precursors on a substrate

d)

Rolling

51.

The color of gold nanoparticles changes with size due to:

a)

Crystalline defects

b)

Surface plasmon resonance

c)

Mechanical strength

d)

Hydrophobicity

52.

Which lithography has diffraction-limited resolution?

a)

Photolithography

b)

E-beam lithography

c)

Nanoimprint

d)

X-ray lithography

53.

53. STEM (scanning TEM) combines:

a)

AFM + STM

b)

Optical + TEM

c)

SEM + Raman

d)

TEM resolution with SEM scanning

54.

Which nanomaterial is transparent yet conductive?

a)

Nanotube

b)

Graphene

c)

Silver nanoparticles

d)

TiO2 nanoparticles

55.

Resistive switching is a principle behind:

a)

Supercapacitors

b)

Superconductors

c)

Memristors

d)

LEDs

56.

During nanoparticle centrifugation, faster speed causes:

a)

Larger particles remain suspended

b)

Surface oxidation

c)

Smaller particle aggregation

d)

Faster sedimentation

57.

Superconductivity is characterized by:

a)

Infinite resistivity

b)

Negative resistivity

c)

Zero resistivity

d)

Constant resistivity

58.

If an AFM shows roughness increase after coating, what does it imply?

a)

Instrument calibration error

b)

Reduced conductivity

c)

Coating is uniform

d)

Coating added uneven thickness

59.

Which of the following is a crystalline semiconductor nanomaterial?

a)

Amorphous silica

b)

Silica nanoparticles

c)

CdSe quantum dots

d)

Graphene oxide

60.

The thermoelectric figure of merit ZT is increased by:

a)

Decreasing electrical conductivity

b)

Decreasing thermal conductivity

c)

Increasing thermal conductivity

d)

Decreasing Seebeck coefficient

61.

Laser flash method measures thermal diffusivity; thermal conductivity is then obtained by:

a)

κ = α²·ρ

b)

κ = α / (ρ·Cp)

c)

κ = α + ρ + Cp

d)

κ = α·ρ·Cp

62.

Photolithography masks are usually made of:

a)

Quartz

b)

Silicon

c)

Aluminum

d)

Polymer

63.

Polarization in dielectrics can be:

a)

Only electronic

b)

Electronic, ionic, orientational

c)

Magnetic

d)

Quantum only

64.

Ballistic thermal transport implies:

a)

Heat carriers undergo many scattering events

b)

Thermal conductivity is infinite

c)

Heat carriers travel without scattering across the structure

d)

Fourier's law is strictly valid

65.

Self-assembly can create:

a)

Random broken films

b)

Large-scale milling

c)

Ordered 2D and 3D structures

d)

Etched holes only

66.

Self-assembly is often aided by:

a)

Hammering

b)

Non-covalent interactions

c)

Machining

d)

Etching

67.

Which measurement technique is commonly used for nanoscale magnetism?

a)

UV-Vis

b)

SQUID magnetometry

c)

SEM

d)

FTIR

68.

Which property makes quantum dots suitable for LED displays?

a)

Density

b)

Magnetic ordering

c)

High melting point

d)

Size-dependent emission

69.

If AFM shows tip convolution effect, what appears larger than reality?

a)

Particle height

b)

Zeta potential

c)

Band gap

d)

Particle lateral size

70.

CVD processes can be classified into:

a)

Top-down and bottom-up

b)

Wet and dry

c)

Thermal, plasma-enhanced, and atomic layer

d)

Physical and chemical

71.

The Casimir limit for thermal conductivity refers to when phonon mean free path is limited primarily by:

a)

Impurities

b)

Geometry/boundary scattering

c)

Electron scattering

d)

Umklapp scattering

72.

Raman is non-destructive because:

a)

No heating occurs

b)

Minimal sample preparation is required

c)

Vacuum is required

d)

Low energy photons are absorbed

73.

Creep resistance in nanomaterials is lost at:

a)

High temperatures

b)

High strain rates

c)

Low temperatures

d)

Low stresses

74.

AFM cantilever deflection is measured using:

a)

Magnetic field

b)

Electron scattering

c)

Laser reflection

d)

Voltage bias

75.

Nanomaterials often show enhanced absorption due to:

a)

Elastic modulus

b)

Large bulk density

c)

Defects only

d)

Increased surface area

76.

Which microscopy is suitable for nanomaterial particle size distribution?

a)

STM

b)

TEM

c)

AFM

d)

Optical

77.

Which technique requires high vacuum?

a)

AFM

b)

Light scattering

c)

TEM

d)

Optical microscopy

78.

BET theory is used to measure:

a)

Optical absorption

b)

Hardness

c)

Surface area

d)

Elastic modulus

79.

Which of the following is NOT true about AFM?

a)

Provides atomic resolution

b)

Works in liquids

c)

Can measure mechanical properties

d)

Requires vacuum

80.

Which of the following is a zero-dimensional nanomaterial?

a)

Nanotube

b)

Nanoparticle

c)

Nanowire

d)

Graphene

81.

Polycrystalline nanomaterials consist of:

a)

Amorphous regions only

b)

Many small grains

c)

A single crystal

d)

Random atomic arrangements

82.

Strength refers to resistance against:

a)

Heat

b)

Permanent deformation or fracture

c)

Density change

d)

Elastic strain only

83.

Which lithography can use X-rays for high resolution?

a)

Photolithography

b)

X-ray lithography

c)

Sputtering

d)

E-beam lithography

84.

In liquids, heat is primarily carried by:

a)

Electrons

b)

Molecular motion and collisions

c)

Static fields

d)

Photons

85.

Which is NOT a typical use of magnetic nanoparticles?

a)

Cancer therapy

b)

Drug delivery

c)

Magnetic resonance imaging

d)

Optical lens focusing

86.

A researcher uses ball milling to reduce particle size. What is the main limitation?

a)

Possible contamination

b)

High cost

c)

Incompatibility with oxides

d)

No reduction below 1 μm

87.

Thermal diffusivity units are:

a)

J/kg

b)

W/m·K

c)

m²/s

d)

W·s

88.

Charge carrier scattering at the nanoscale is dominated by:

a)

Phonon–phonon only

b)

Surfaces and grain boundaries

c)

Photons

d)

Vacuum

89.

The tunneling probability decreases with:

a)

Decreasing barrier width

b)

Stronger wavefunction overlap

c)

Lowering barrier height

d)

Increasing barrier width

90.

Which nanoparticles are commonly coated for biomedical use?

a)

Au

b)

ZnO

c)

SiO₂

d)

Fe₃O₄

91.

The dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) measures:

a)

Capacitance

b)

Resistivity

c)

Energy dissipation in dielectric

d)

Bandgap

92.

Which type of adsorption is weak and reversible?

a)

Ion exchange

b)

Precipitation

c)

Chemisorption

d)

Physisorption

93.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can measure:

a)

Fracture energy directly

b)

Adhesion and hardness

c)

Stress-strain curves

d)

Grain coarsening

94.

Which of the following surfaces is hydrophobic?

a)

Metal oxides

b)

Teflon

c)

Silica

d)

Glass

95.

Which microscopy uses photon wavelengths of 400–700 nm?

a)

AFM

b)

TEM

c)

Optical

d)

SEM

96.

CdSe quantum dots are widely used as:

a)

Catalysts

b)

Structural beams

c)

Thermal insulators

d)

Fluorescent probes

97.

Which spectroscopy can detect functional groups in molecules?

a)

UV-Vis

b)

TEM

c)

IR

d)

STM

98.

Which type of magnetism is typically strongest?

a)

Diamagnetism

b)

Paramagnetism

c)

Ferromagnetism

d)

Antiferromagnetism

99.

Hydrophobic nanomaterials repel:

a)

Hydrocarbons

b)

Nonpolar solvents

c)

Oils

d)

Polar solvents

100.

What is the main difference between ferrimagnetism and antiferromagnetism?

a)

Ferrimagnetism has unequal opposing spins

b)

Ferrimagnetism cancels perfectly

c)

Both are identical

d)

Antiferromagnetism only occurs at low temperatures

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