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Bio Exam 2

Total questions: 177

Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Caused by a genetic mutation in the beta-globin gene

Change 1 nucleotide in DNA, changes 1 

_____ ____ Disease

(a)  

2.

Effects of Sickle Cell disease

a)

Changes shape of RBC- doesn’t flow through capillaries

      

b)

Blood clots, pain

      

c)

Doesn’t bind oxygen well

      

d)

 RBCs don’t live as long-

anemia

e)

All of these are correct

3.

 Round with a dent

No organelles

Full of hemoglobin protein that binds oxygen

a)

Red Blood Cells

b)

White Blood Cells

c)

Proteins

d)

DNA

4.

Hemoglobin has 2 alpha-globins and 2 beta-globins

a)

True

b)

False

5.

1 drop of blood=about 5 million RBCs

a)

True

b)

False

6.

The main job of red blood cells is to move (a)  

7.

The more hemoglobin=the more oxygen you can move

a)

True

b)

False

8.

You make proteins through ____ and ____

a)

Transcription and Translation

b)

Meiosis and Mitosis

c)

Chromosomes and DNA

d)

Nucleotides and Ribosomes

9.

Modifying genes to reduce or eliminate the effects of a genetic disorder

Where does the genetic error come from?

a)

Gene Therapy

b)

Mutations

c)

Gene Expression

d)

Gene Synthesis

10.

A change in DNA sequence

(a)  

11.

in coding sequence of a gene can change amino acid sequence

Can change the protein function

(a)  

12.

substitute one nucleotide for another

a)

Point Mutations

b)

Frameshift Mutations

c)

Rearranged DNA Mutations

13.

 sections of DNA move

a)

Point Mutations

b)

Frameshift Mutations

c)

Rearranged DNA Mutations

14.

change codon reading

a)

Point Mutations

b)

Frameshift Mutations

c)

Rearranged DNA Mutations

15.

Silent mutation-Change one nucleotide to another, no change in amino acid sequence

Missense mutation-Change one nucleotide to another, different amino acid sequence in this location

Nonsense mutation-Change one nucleotide, introduces early stop codon

a)

Point Mutations

b)

Frameshift Mutations

c)

Rearranged DNA Mutations

16.

Insertion mutation-Insert one or more nucleotides, shifts reading frame of every codon after the insertion

Deletion mutation-Deleate one or more nucleotides, shifts reading frame of every codon after the deletion

a)

Point Mutations

b)

Frameshift Mutations

c)

Rearranged DNA Mutations

17.

Inversion mutation- a group of DNA nucleotides are flipped to read in reverse order, different amino acid sequence in this location

Translocation mutation-Move segments of DNA from one chromosome to another, fusing portions of different genes together

a)

Point Mutations

b)

Frameshift Mutations

c)

Rearranged DNA Mutations

18.

(reproductive cells ex) sperm or egg)

Passed on to the next generation

a)

Mutation in Germ Cells

b)

Mutation in Other Cells

19.

Pass on to some cells in that individual

a)

Mutation in Germ Cells

b)

Mutation in Other Cells

20.

Mutations can result from errors in (a)   replication

21.

Enzymes for DNA repair usually DON'T correct the mistakes

a)

True

b)

False

22.

DNA mistakes occur but they ARE very common

a)

True

b)

False

23.

Any physical agent that can damage DNA by changing the nucleotide sequence

(a)  

24.

Many things in the environments are mutagens

a)

True

b)

False

25.

Different forms of genes are called (a)  

26.

1 copy of gene produces protection from _____

a)

Malaria

b)

Sickle Cell

27.

2 copies of gene cause _____

a)

Malaria

b)

Sickle Cell

28.

Positive effects are GREATER than negative

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Something that introduces a gene

(a)  

30.

Viruses are CELLS

a)

True

b)

False

31.

Not cells, but little chunks of DNA or RNA covered in proteins

(a)  

32.

____ bone marrow makes ____ blood cells

a)

Red

b)

White

33.

While a fetus, people produce _____-____ rather than ____-_____

a)

Gamma-globin, Beta-globin

b)

Beta-globin, Gamma-globin

34.

Hemoglobin: (_) beta parts and (_) alpha parts

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

35.

Around the time of birth, RBCs produce

a)

Less Gamma-globin

More Beta-globin

b)

More Beta-globin

Less Gamma-globin

36.

Sickle cell mutation only affects

a)

Beta-globin

b)

Gamma-globin

37.

Bacteria gets infected with viruses,

(a)   cuts DNA and inserts new DNA to provide bacteria with immunity to infection

38.

Cells divide for____

a)

Growth

b)

Life

c)

Healthy Life

d)

Myosis

39.

Makes sperm and egg with one set of chromosomes

a)

Meiosis

b)

Mitosis

40.

2 sets of chromosomes, division of nucleus

a)

Meiosis

b)

Mitosis

41.

Phase where DNA is replicated

a)

S

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

G0

42.

Grow and make new organelles

a)

S

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

G0

43.

Duplicate DNA (make identical copy of each chromosome)

a)

S

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

G0

44.

Getting ready for mitosis

a)

S

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

G0

45.

Doing normal job ,Not getting ready for mitosis

a)

S

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

G0

46.

Divides the cell in two

(a)  

47.

Growth and preperation

(a)  

48.

3 Parts of the Cell Cycle

a)

Interphase

b)

Mitosis

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Meiosis

49.

Correct Order

1, 2, 3

a)

Interphase

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

b)

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Interphase

c)

Cytokinesis

Interphase

Mitosis

d)

Interphase

Cytokinesis

Mitosis

50.

Chromosomes condense

Protein fibers attach to centromeres

1 Sister chromatid from each chromosome goes to each side of the cell

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

51.

Mitosis has (_) stages

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

52.

Chromosomes Condense

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

53.

Chromosomes line up in the middle

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

54.

Microtubules pull identical sister chromatids apart

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

55.

Daughter cell nuclei are formed

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

56.

1st stage of Mitosis

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

57.

2nd stage of Mitosis

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

58.

3rd stage of Mitosis

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

59.

4th stage of Mitosis

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

60.

Original parent cell splits into two daughter cells

Each has a full component of DNA

(a)  

61.

Cytokinesis

a)

Before Mitosis

b)

After Mitosis

62.

Checkpoints, detect errors at various points in cell cycle

Repair Errors

a)

Cell Division Quality Control

b)

Apoptosis

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Mitosis

63.

Programmed cell death

(a)  

64.

Unregulated cell division

(a)  

65.

Mutations are common cause of cancer and they can be

a)

Inherited:

In sperm and egg

(germ cells)

b)

Acquired:

During mitosis in body

(somatic cells)

c)

Both of these are correct

66.

Mutations that disrupt ____ can cause cancer

a)

Cell Cycle

b)

Mitosis

c)

Gene Expression

d)

Phenotype

67.

Change in the nucleotide sequence

(a)  

68.

How can you reduce the risk of cancer

a)

All of these are correct

b)

Don't Smoke,

Eat healthy

c)

Get vaccinated

d)

Avoid harmful environments

e)

Get screened regularly, and get tested for hereditary cancers

69.

Tissues that divide a lot can screw up ____ and cause cancer

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Interphase

70.

Muscle cells can divide

a)

True

b)

False

71.

Neurons don't divide after your born

a)

True

b)

False

72.

People get cancer when enough mutations accumulate to disrupt the _____ _____

(a)  

73.

Proto-onogens

a)

Normally promote cell division and differentiation

b)

Activated by growth factors

c)

Can be mutated to become permanently activated

d)

All of these are correct

74.

Proto-oncogenes that when mutated they become oncogenes;

Genes that cause

(a)  

75.

Tumor Suppressor Genes

a)

Normally pause cell division

b)

Repair DNA

c)

Initiate Cell Death

(Apoptosis)

d)

Can be mutated to become inactivated

e)

Genetic testing is performed by extracting DNA from the nucleus of white blood cells and looking for mutations in change of interest

76.

Breast Cancer

BRCA1

a)

Chromosome 17

b)

Chromosome 13

77.

Breast Cancer

BRCA2

a)

Chromosome 17

b)

Chromosome 13

78.

Cancer usually takes a SINGLE mutation in development

a)

True

b)

False

79.

Spread of cancer cells

a)

Metastasis

b)

Benign Tumor

c)

Malignant Tumor

80.

Non-cancerous tumor

(doesn't metastasize)

a)

Metastasis

b)

Benign Tumor

c)

Malignant Tumor

81.

Cancerous tumor

(metastasize)

a)

Metastasis

b)

Benign Tumor

c)

Malignant Tumor

82.

TREATING CANCER

Removes cancerous tissue

Most effective for solid tumors that are detected early

Ineffective for metastasized cancers

a)

Surgery

b)

Chemotherapy

c)

Radiation

d)

Targeted Therapy

e)

Immunotherapy

83.

TREATING CANCER

Inject toxic chemicals that kill rapidly dividing cells

Can kill metastatic cells throughout the body

Side effects are severe, especially rapidly dividing cells

ex) hair, digestive track, bone marrow

a)

Surgery

b)

Chemotherapy

c)

Radiation

d)

Targeted Therapy

e)

Immunotherapy

84.

TREATING CANCER

High-energy ionizing radiation directed at tumor cells

Kills cells by damaging their DNA

Can be very localized

Can also kill healthy cells near tumor

a)

Surgery

b)

Chemotherapy

c)

Radiation

d)

Targeted Therapy

e)

Immunotherapy

85.

TREATING CANCER

PARP inhibitors prevent DNA repair, but only in mutated cells

Normal cells are unaffected

a)

Surgery

b)

Chemotherapy

c)

Radiation

d)

Targeted Therapy

e)

Immunotherapy

86.

TREATING CANCER

ex) monoclonal antibodies

Bind to proteins in cancer cell membranes

Attract immune cells that kill cancer cells

Can carry toxic chemicals to cancer cells

a)

Surgery

b)

Chemotherapy

c)

Radiation

d)

Targeted Therapy

e)

Immunotherapy

87.

Cancer was more common years ago because there were_____

a)

No environmental regulations

b)

No way to diagnose it

c)

No treatments available

d)

No technology to determine what kind of cancer

88.

Cancer is more common in _____ because _______ effects the immune system

a)

Males, Testosterone

b)

Females, Estrogen

89.

Cancer survival rates have been going down

a)

False

b)

True

90.

We get (_) of our mothers genes and (_) of our fathers genes

a)

1/2

b)

2/3

c)

3/4

d)

1/16

91.

The half of the genes you get from your parents is not random, and predetermined

a)

True

b)

False

92.

Each sperm and egg are unique

a)

True

b)

False

93.

Humans are (a)   organisms

94.

Diploid

a)

2 sets of Chromosomes

b)

1 set of Chromosomes

c)

3 sets of chromosomes

d)

4 sets of chromosomes

95.

Diploid organisms have (_) copies of every chromosome

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

96.

(a)   chromosomes that are a pair of chromosomes that contain the same gene

97.

In a diploid cell, one is inherited from mom, and one from dad

a)

True

b)

False

98.

Alternative versions of the same gene that have different nucleotide sequences

(a)  

99.

Caused by a single gene mutation

Creates a mutant allele of CFTR gene

One normal allele is sufficient to remain healthy-next express (a)  

100.

Which allele expresses Cystic Fibrosis, if any

a)

NN

b)

NC

c)

CC

d)

None of these are correct

e)

Only NC and CC show Cystic Fibrosis

101.

The particular set of genes in an individual

(a)  

102.

The physical expression resulting from these genes and environmental effects

(a)  

103.

Haploid: (_) set of chromosomes

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

104.

Egg and Sperm are (Haploid OR Diploid) cells=________

a)

Haploid

b)

Diploid

c)

Gametes

d)

Alleles

105.

Haploid + Haploid = _______

a)

Haploid

b)

Diploid

c)

Mitosis

d)

Meiosis

106.

Diploid + Diploid = _______

a)

Haploid

b)

Diploid

c)

Mitosis

d)

Meiosis

107.

Diploid + Haploid = _______

a)

Haploid

b)

Diploid

c)

Mitosis

d)

Meiosis

108.

There are 2 cell divisions in ______

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

109.

Separates homologous chromosomes

Each daughter cell is haploid

Each chromosome still has 2 sister chromatids

a)

Meiosis 1

b)

Meiosis 2

110.

Separate sister chromatids (just like mitosis)

Meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells, which develop into sperm and egg

End up with four haploid cells

Sister chromatids separate-> Cytokinesis-> End up with 4 haploid cells

a)

Meiosis 1

b)

Meiosis 2

111.

Meiosis 1

Step 1

a)

Chromosomes replicate

b)

Coil

c)

Microtubules form meiotic spindle

d)

Homologous chromosomes separate

e)

Cytokinesis

112.

Meiosis 1

Step 2

a)

Chromosomes replicate

b)

Coil

c)

Microtubules form meiotic spindle

d)

Homologous chromosomes separate

e)

Cytokinesis

113.

Meiosis 1

Step 3

a)

Chromosomes replicate

b)

Coil

c)

Microtubules form meiotic spindle

d)

Homologous chromosomes separate

e)

Cytokinesis

114.

Meiosis 1

Step 4

a)

Chromosomes replicate

b)

Coil

c)

Microtubules form meiotic spindle

d)

Homologous chromosomes separate

e)

Cytokinesis

115.

Meiosis 1

Step 5

a)

Chromosomes replicate

b)

Coil

c)

Microtubules form meiotic spindle

d)

Homologous chromosomes separate

e)

Cytokinesis

116.

Meiosis 2

Step 1

a)

Sister chromatids seperate

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

4 haploid cells

117.

Meiosis 2

Step 2

a)

Sister chromatids seperate

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

4 haploid cells

118.

Meiosis 2

Step 3

a)

Sister chromatids seperate

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

4 haploid cells

119.

Alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another

a)

Independent Assortment

b)

Recombination

c)

Heterozygote

d)

Dominant Allele

e)

Homozygote

120.

Maternal and paternal chromosomes exchange DNA segment

a)

Independent Assortment

b)

Recombination

c)

Heterozygote

d)

Dominant Allele

e)

Homozygote

121.

Two different alleles (Ff)

Phenotype is normal

Individual is a carrier

a)

Heterozygote

b)

Dominant Allele

c)

Homozygote

122.

Two identical alleles (FF)

Phenotype is normal

________ recessive (ff)

(Cystic Fibrosis) phenotype is (CF) mutation

a)

Heterozygote

b)

Dominant Allele

c)

Homozygote

123.

Always expressed

Masks the other one

a)

Heterozygote

b)

Dominant Allele

c)

Homozygote

d)

Recessive Allele

124.

Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a ______ allele

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

125.

Affects phenotype only if the organism has 2 copies of that allele

Hidden by normal or dominant allele

3 genotypes (FF) (Ff) (ff)

2 phenotypes (Normal) (___ ____)

a)

Cystic Fibrosis

b)

Huntington's Disease

c)

Cancer

d)

Sickle Cell

126.

In Cystic Fibrosis:

FF genotype will always pass the normal allele to offspring

ff genotype will always pass the CF allele

a)

True

b)

False

127.

Huntington's Disease is a ______ genetic disorder

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

128.

Most genes have just 2 versions (alleles) in a population

a)

True

b)

False

129.

Most alleles do not occur at a 50% frequency in the population, although each allele is always 50% of an individual’s genome

a)

True

b)

False

130.

Our entire genome is almost the same between males and females

a)

True

b)

False

131.

What you get from your ancestors

(a)  

132.

Sex hormones are produced by

(a)  

133.

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 1 pair are sex chromosomes. What are the other 22?

(a)  

134.

The default condition is _____

a)

Male

b)

Female

135.

Activation of _____ development is when the fetus gets a surge of _______ at about 6 weeks after conception

a)

Female,

Estrogen

b)

Male,

Testosterone

136.

The SRY gene on the Y chromosome signals adrenal glands to produce testosterone

a)

This causes gonads to develop into testes

b)

Activates other genes

c)

Suppresses other genes

d)

All of these are correct

e)

Only developing and activating are correct

137.

Sex does not have only two genotypes

a)

True

b)

False

138.

More or fewer chromosomes than normal

(a)  

139.

Genotype + Environment =

(a)  

140.

Determined by an allele on the X chromosome

a)

X-linked trait

b)

Y-linked trait

141.

Females (XX) normal copy on the X chromosome masks the ______ disease allele on the other X chromosomes

(Males have no second X to mask)

a)

Recessive

b)

Dominant

142.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

a)

Make defective muscle protein called dystrophy

b)

Muscles deteriorate

c)

People usually die from respiratory or cardiac failure

d)

There are many ways to mutate the gene

e)

All of these are correct

143.

How many forms of DMD are there?

a)

10

b)

20

c)

30

d)

40

144.

If a father has a DMD allele

a)

The father passes his X chromosome to his daughters and his Y chromosomes to his sons

b)

The allele is only passed to the fathers daughters

c)

The allele is only passed to the fathers sons

d)

DMD is only an X linked gene, so no sons would inherit DMD

145.

If a mother has a DMD allele

a)

The mother passes one of her two X chromosomes to each of her children

b)

1/2 of male children express DMD

c)

Mostly affects the males but can skip a generation

d)

DMD will only affect the daughters

146.

Visual representation of the occurrence of phenotypes across generations use a (a)   to follow inheritance pattern

147.

Why do some traits appear to blend in offspring?

ex) Familial Hypertrialemia

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Heterozygote Phenotype

c)

Codominace

d)

Homozygote Phenotype

148.

Phenotype is intermediate

Dominant allele does not completely mask the other

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Heterozygote Phenotype

c)

Codominace

d)

Homozygote Phenotype

149.

Measurable effect on the phenotype of having one versus two

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Heterozygote Phenotype

c)

Codominace

d)

Homozygote Phenotype

150.

Phenotypes of both alleles are expressed in heterozygotes

ex) Blood Types

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Heterozygote Phenotype

c)

Codominace

d)

Homozygote Phenotype

151.

The 3 blood type alleles

a)

A

b)

B

c)

O

d)

Z

152.

Possible genotypes for blood type are a combination of these three alleles

a)

AA

b)

AO

c)

BB

d)

BO

and

OO

e)

AB

153.

In blood types A and B are DOMINANT

O is RECESSIVE

a)

True

b)

False

154.

Environment can influence how genes are expressed.

a)

True

b)

False

155.

Type A has (blank) antigens; antibodies against (blank)

(a)  

156.

Type B has (blank) antigens; antibodies against (blank)

(a)  

157.

Type AB has (blank) antigens; antibodies against (blank)

(a)  

158.

Type O has (blank) antigens; antibodies against (blank)

(a)  

159.

Antibodies in receiver ______ the red blood cells from donor, which causes red blood cells to clump and clot

a)

Attack

b)

Protect

c)

Cause no change

160.

The universal donar

a)

A

b)

AB

c)

B

d)

O

161.

The universal receiver

a)

A

b)

AB

c)

B

d)

O

162.

Another gene affecting blood type

(a)  

163.

Height

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

c)

Polygenic

d)

Dominant Trait

164.

A single trait determined by the interaction between alleles of more than one gene

(a)  

165.

Most phenotypes are

a)

multifactorial

b)

Affected by genes and environment

c)

Continuous variation

d)

All of these are correct

166.

The (a)   of a trait is what percent of the pairs of twins have the same trait

167.

The attachment of -CH3 groups to DNA.

-Tends to decrease gene expression

(a)  

168.

Something other than the normal number of chromosomes

(a)  

169.

Down syndrome (trisomy __ ) - extra copy of chromosome __

a)

12

b)

21

c)

14

d)

20

170.

Due to nondisjunction(fail to come apart) of chromosomes during meiosis

-Chromosomes separate unequally

When nondisjunction happens during meiosis 1 or 2, gametes can end up with either extra or fewer chromosomes

a)

Aneuploidy

b)

Amniocentesis

c)

Karyotype

d)

Nondisjunction

171.

removes amniotic fluid containing fetal cells

a)

Aneuploidy

b)

Amniocentesis

c)

Karyotype

d)

Nondisjunction

172.

analysis of the fetal cells can identify missing or extra chromosomes

a)

Aneuploidy

b)

Amniocentesis

c)

Karyotype

d)

Nondisjunction

173.

Risk of aneuploidy increases with mother’s age

a)

True

b)

False

174.

  • Eggs begin forming in fetal ovaries, Stop in meiosis 1

a)

True

b)

False

175.

  • As eggs age, chance that chromosomes will separate abnormally DECREASES

a)

True

b)

False

176.

  • Older males also make more defective sperm (been through many rounds of meiosis)

a)

True

b)

False

177.

  • The ways that genes interact with other genes and the environment are complicated

    -Create huge phenotypic variation in populations

a)

True

b)

False