Which of the following is a palpable vibration caused by turbulent blood flow?

To best hear the murmur of aortic regurgitation, you should ask the patient to:

To auscultate for mitral stenosis, the optimal position is with the patient:

The diaphragm of the stethoscope is most appropriate for hearing:

When checking for mitral regurgitation murmur radiation, which area should you auscultate?

During inspection of the precordium, a midline vertical scar is noted. This is most likely from which procedure?

Displacement of the apex beat laterally and downwards is typically associated with:

The purpose of palpating the carotid pulse while auscultating is to:

An infraclavicular scar is typically indicative of:

During a general inspection, you note a patient has a red-purple discoloration over the cheeks. This finding is classically associated with:

On examination of the hands, you identify small, tender nodules on the pads of the fingers. These are most likely:

A patient is found to have non-tender, macular lesions on the palms and soles. These are described as:

When assessing the radial pulse, you note it is 'collapsing' in character. This is a classic sign of:

You observe a white ring around the outer edge of the cornea. This finding, known as corneal arcus, can be associated with:

Kayser-Fleischer rings, which are brownish-green rings at the corneal limbus, are a pathognomonic sign for:

A patient with suspected right heart failure is lying at 45 degrees. You measure the vertical distance from the sternal angle to the top of the JVP pulsation as 4 cm. What is the correct JVP?

A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden onset severe tearing chest pain radiating to his back. On examination, you palpate both radial pulses simultaneously and note that the pulses are not occurring at the same time. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of this finding?

A 58-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presents with dyspnoea on exertion and orthopnoea. On examination, the patient uses four pillows to prop herself up in bed. You note a raised JVP of 5 cm above the sternal angle. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 19-year-old presents for a routine physical examination. On inspection of his hands, you note bluish discoloration and loss of the normal angle between the nail and the nail bed. Which of the following cardiac conditions is most likely to cause this finding?

A 28-year-old tall, thin man presents for a routine examination. You notice his fingers are abnormally long and slender compared to the palm of his hand. He also has a high arched palate. Which of the following serious cardiovascular complications is this patient at increased risk for?

A 55-year-old man presents with chest pain. While assessing his hands, you note they are cool, sweaty, and clammy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 70-year-old woman with a history of hypertension is being examined. You measure her blood pressure in both arms and find a difference of 25 mmHg between the right and left arms. What condition should be suspected?

A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease presents to the emergency department with acute shortness of breath that woke him from sleep 2 hours ago. He is sitting upright and appears in respiratory distress. On auscultation of his posterior chest, you hear coarse, bubbling crackles in both lung fields that do not clear with coughing. What is the most likely underlying condition?

A 70-year-old man with no history of prior heart disease presents to his GP for a routine check-up. On auscultation of his heart, you note that the rhythm is completely irregular with no discernible pattern. Which of the following conditions is most likely?