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Core Sociological Theories and Sociological Perspectives

Total questions: 59

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Fill in the blank: ________ views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources; emphasizes inequality and power struggles.

a)

Conflict Theory

b)

Functionalism

c)

Symbolic Interactionism

d)

Structuralism

2.

Fill in the blank: ________ sees society as a system of interrelated parts working together to maintain stability.

a)

Functionalism

b)

Conflict Theory

c)

Symbolic Interactionism

d)

Postmodernism

3.

Fill in the blank: ________ focuses on individual interactions and the meanings people assign to symbols and behaviors.

a)

Symbolic Interactionism

b)

Functionalism

c)

Conflict Theory

d)

Structuralism

4.

Fill in the blank: ________ challenges grand narratives and emphasizes fragmented, subjective experiences in society.

a)

Postmodernism

b)

Structuralism

c)

Functionalism

d)

Positivism

5.

Fill in the blank: ________ is a micro-level focus on daily interactions and meanings individuals create.

a)

Interactionist Perspective

b)

Functionalist Perspective

c)

Conflict Perspective

d)

Structuralist Perspective

6.

Fill in the blank: ________ is a macro-level view that social institutions serve vital functions for societal stability.

a)

Functionalist Perspective

b)

Conflict Perspective

c)

Symbolic Interactionism

d)

Postmodern Perspective

7.

Fill in the blank: ________ is a macro-level approach highlighting inequality, dominance, and social change.

a)

Conflict Perspective

b)

Symbolic Interactionism

c)

Functionalism

d)

Rational Choice Theory

8.

Fill in the blank: The ________ examines how individuals grow and change socially across the lifespan.

a)

Developmental Perspective

b)

Cognitive Perspective

c)

Behavioral Perspective

d)

Biological Perspective

9.

Fill in the blank: ________ are elements that can change and affect outcomes in research.

a)

Variables

b)

Constants

c)

Hypotheses

d)

Controls

10.

Fill in the blank: ________ are inactive substances or treatments used in experiments to test effectiveness.

a)

Placebos

b)

Antibiotics

c)

Vaccines

d)

Enzymes

11.

Fill in the blank: ________ are individuals who watch and record behaviors during research.

a)

Observers

b)

Participants

c)

Analysts

d)

Respondents

12.

Fill in the blank: ________ are people who answer surveys or interviews.

a)

Respondents

b)

Researchers

c)

Observers

d)

Interviewers

13.

Fill in the blank: ________ is data collection in natural settings.

a)

Field Research

b)

Laboratory Experiment

c)

Meta-Analysis

d)

Survey Research

14.

Fill in the blank: ________ is a controlled study to test hypotheses.

a)

An Experiment

b)

A Survey

c)

A Theory

d)

A Law

15.

Fill in the blank: ________ is a method of collecting data from a sample population via questions.

a)

A Survey

b)

A Census

c)

An Experiment

d)

A Simulation

16.

Fill in the blank: ________ is using existing data for new research.

a)

Secondary Analysis

b)

Primary Data Collection

c)

Random Sampling

d)

Experimental Design

17.

Fill in the blank: ________ is a testable prediction about relationships between variables.

a)

Hypothesis

b)

Theory

c)

Observation

d)

Law

18.

Fill in the blank: A ______ is a systematic explanation of social phenomena.

a)

theory

b)

hypothesis

c)

experiment

d)

observation

19.

Fill in the blank: An ______ ______ is a specific explanation of how a concept is measured.

a)

operational definition

b)

statistical analysis

c)

control variable

d)

dependent measure

20.

Which type of research explores meanings and experiences?

a)

Qualitative Research

b)

Quantitative Research

21.

Which type of research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis?

a)

Qualitative Research

b)

Quantitative Research

22.

Fill in the blank: ______ and ______ countries are classified based on national income levels and economic development.

a)

High- and Low-Income

b)

Urban and Rural

c)

Developed and Underdeveloped

d)

Eastern and Western

23.

Fill in the blank: The ______ ______ was a period of rapid industrial growth that transformed societies and labor.

a)

Industrial Revolution

b)

Stone Age

c)

Renaissance Era

d)

Information Age

24.

Fill in the blank: Material culture includes physical objects; ______ culture includes ideas and beliefs.

a)

nonmaterial

b)

visual

c)

technological

d)

symbolic

25.

Ways society promotes norms and punishes deviance is known as ________.

a)

Culture Reinforcement and Sanctions

b)

Social Stratification

c)

Cultural Diffusion

d)

Role Conflict

26.

Delay in cultural adjustments to technological changes is called ________.

a)

Cultural Lag

b)

Cultural Shock

c)

Cultural Drift

d)

Cultural Assimilation

27.

________ are distinct groups within a larger culture.

a)

Subcultures

b)

Norms

c)

Values

d)

Institutions

28.

The hypothesis that language shapes thought and perception is called the ________.

a)

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

b)

James-Lange Theory

c)

Broca's Law

d)

Chomsky Principle

29.

Preference for another culture over one’s own is called ________.

a)

Xenocentrism

b)

Ethnocentrism

c)

Cultural relativism

d)

Assimilation

30.

Internalized societal expectations are referred to as the ________.

a)

Generalized Other

b)

Looking Glass Self

c)

Significant Other

d)

Reference Group

31.

Key individuals who influence a person’s development are called ________.

a)

Significant Others

b)

Acquaintances

c)

Strangers

d)

Colleagues

32.

Groups one identifies with vs. those viewed as outsiders are called ________ and ________.

a)

Ingroups and Outgroups

b)

Peers and Strangers

c)

Friends and Foes

d)

Allies and Rivals

33.

Primary = close, personal relationships; Secondary = formal, goal-oriented. These are types of ________.

a)

Primary and Secondary Group

b)

Social Status

c)

Reference Groups

d)

Social Networks

34.

Preparatory, play, and game stages in developing self-awareness are part of ________.

a)

Mead's Stages of Self Development

b)

Freud's Psychosexual Stages

c)

Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory

d)

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

35.

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development: What is the progression described in this theory?

a)

Progression from obedience to universal ethical principles.

b)

Progression from universal ethical principles to obedience.

c)

Progression from self-interest to punishment.

d)

Progression from conformity to self-interest.

36.

Who studied social forms and interactions?

a)

George Simmel

b)

Emile Durkheim

c)

Max Weber

d)

Auguste Comte

37.

Who is known for emotional labor and gender roles?

a)

Arlie Hochschild

b)

Erving Goffman

c)

Judith Butler

d)

Talcott Parsons

38.

Who developed the 'looking-glass self'?

a)

Charles H. Cooley

b)

Erving Goffman

c)

George Herbert Mead

d)

Herbert Spencer

39.

Who expanded differential association theory with reinforcement?

a)

Ronald Akers

b)

Travis Hirschi

c)

Edwin Sutherland

d)

Albert Bandura

40.

Who introduced differential association theory?

a)

Edwin Sutherland

b)

Travis Hirschi

c)

Cesare Lombroso

d)

Robert Merton

41.

Who developed containment theory of deviance?

a)

Walter Reckless

b)

Travis Hirschi

c)

Edwin Sutherland

d)

Robert Merton

42.

Who studied social integration and suicide?

a)

Emile Durkheim

b)

Max Weber

c)

Karl Marx

d)

Herbert Spencer

43.

Who created strain theory explaining deviance?

a)

Robert Merton

b)

Emile Durkheim

c)

Howard Becker

d)

Travis Hirschi

44.

Fill in the blank: _________ is the tension between femininity and athletic identity.

a)

Female/Athlete Paradox

b)

Gender Role Conflict

c)

Sport Identity Dilemma

d)

Athletic-Feminine Dissonance

45.

Fill in the blank: _________ refers to conflict as incompatible roles, strain as difficulty within one role, and scripts as expected behaviors.

a)

Role Conflict/Strain and Scripts

b)

Socialization and Norms

c)

Deviance and Sanctions

d)

Status and Roles

46.

Fill in the blank: _________ is a belief that leads to its own fulfillment.

a)

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

b)

Confirmation Bias

c)

Placebo Effect

d)

Cognitive Dissonance

47.

Fill in the blank: _________ is the study of everyday methods people use to make sense of the world.

a)

Ethnomethodology

b)

Phenomenology

c)

Structuralism

d)

Functionalism

48.

Fill in the blank: _________ is the misunderstanding of one’s true social position.

a)

False Consciousness

b)

Class Mobility

c)

Social Capital

d)

Cultural Lag

49.

Fill in the blank: _________ is the pressure to conform within a group, leading to poor decisions.

a)

Groupthink

b)

Brainstorming

c)

Social loafing

d)

Individualism

50.

Fill in the blank: _________ is the tendency of organizations to become dominated by elites.

a)

The Iron Law of Oligarchy

b)

Bureaucratic Inertia

c)

Democratic Centralism

d)

Pluralist Theory

51.

Fill in the blank: _________ are structured systems with rules and hierarchy.

a)

Bureaucracy Organizations

b)

Informal Groups

c)

Social Gatherings

d)

Friend Circles

52.

Fill in the blank: _________ refers to authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire approaches.

a)

Leadership Styles

b)

Communication Skills

c)

Motivational Theories

d)

Organizational Structures

53.

Fill in the blank: _________ is membership driven by material rewards.

a)

Utilitarian Organization

b)

Normative Organization

c)

Coercive Organization

d)

Voluntary Association

54.

Merton's Strain Theory: ________ results from the gap between goals and means. (Fill in the blank)

a)

Deviance

b)

Conformity

c)

Innovation

d)

Retreatism

55.

Differential Association: ________ is learned through interactions. (Fill in the blank)

a)

Deviance

b)

Obedience

c)

Intelligence

d)

Creativity

56.

National Crime Victimization Survey: Measures crime through ________ reports. (Fill in the blank)

a)

victim

b)

police

c)

media

d)

court

57.

Furman v. Georgia: Supreme Court case that temporarily halted the ________.

a)

death penalty

b)

right to vote

c)

freedom of speech

d)

right to privacy

58.

Justice and Recidivism Rates: Measures of fairness and ________ offenses.

a)

repeat

b)

minor

c)

violent

d)

first-time

59.

Feminist Approaches: Analyze gender inequality and advocate for ________ change. (Fill in the blank)

a)

social

b)

economic

c)

technological

d)

environmental