WorksheetsModule 6
Total questions: 51
Worksheet time: 26mins
What is hirsutism?
Hair loss on the scalp
Excessive male-pattern hair growth in women
A condition of brittle nails
Inflammation of hair follicles
A patient with a moon face, central obesity, and purple abdominal striae is most likely exhibiting signs of:
Diabetes Insipidus
Cushing's disease/syndrome
Addison's disease
Graves' disease
The pathophysiology of Diabetes Insipidus (DI) involves a problem with:
Insulin production
Blood glucose regulation
The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) system
Thyroid hormone feedback
The classic signs and symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus are:
Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
Polyuria and polydipsia with dilute urine
Weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance
A patient with hyponatremia, low serum osmolality, and high urine osmolality is likely suffering from:
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Diabetes Insipidus
Cushing's Syndrome
Polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia are the classic triad of symptoms for which condition?
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Insipidus
SIADH
Hyperthyroidism
The beta cells of the pancreas are responsible for secreting:
Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin
Amylin
Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2)?
Young age
Being underweight
Obesity and physical inactivity
The key pathophysiological difference between DMT1 and DMT2 is:
DMT1 is an autoimmune disorder, while DMT2 is characterized by insulin resistance.
DMT2 is an autoimmune disorder, while DMT1 is characterized by insulin resistance.
Both are autoimmune, but DMT1 has a later onset.
DMT1 can be reversed with diet, while DMT2 cannot.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as:
Diabetes diagnosed in childhood
Glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy
A precursor to type 1 diabetes
Diabetes caused by pancreatic cancer
A significant consequence of uncontrolled Gestational Diabetes for the baby is:
Low birth weight (microsomia)
Excessive birth weight (macrosomia)
Congenital hypothyroidism
Cleft lip and palate
The term "ischemic penumbra" refers to:
The core area of dead brain tissue in a stroke
The area of brain tissue that is ischemic but potentially salvageable
An aneurysm is best defined as:
A blood clot that travels to the brain
A localized, ballooning weakness in a blood vessel wall
A transient episode of neurological dysfunction
A tear in the lining of an artery
A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) differs from an ischemic stroke in that a TIA:
Always leads to a major stroke within 24 hours
Involves bleeding in the brain
Resolves completely within 24 hours, usually within minutes, without permanent damage
Is caused by a ruptured blood vessel
A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by:
A clot blocking a cerebral artery
A ruptured blood vessel in the brain
A sudden drop in blood pressure
A spasm in a cerebral artery
The most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:
Atrial fibrillation
Uncontrolled hypertension
The most critical diagnostic test for confirming a hemorrhagic stroke is:
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Lumbar Puncture
Non-contrast CT scan of the head
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
The cerebellum is primarily responsible for:
Thought and reasoning
Coordination, balance, and fine-tuning movement
Visual processing
Emotional regulation
Cushing's Triad, a sign of increased intracranial pressure, includes:
Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations
Hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea
Fever, headache, and nuchal rigidity
Hyperthermia, tachycardia, and hypertension
Which of the following is a sign of increased intracranial pressure?
Papilledema
Hypotension
Polyuria
The pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves:
Dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia
Autoimmune demyelination of the central nervous system
The formation of plaques in the arteries
A degenerative disorder of the lower motor neurons
Which part of the nervous system is affected by Multiple Sclerosis?
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Somatic Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
A common early symptom of Multiple Sclerosis is:
Pill-rolling tremor
Optic neuritis
"Locked-in" syndrome
chorea
The primary pathophysiological mechanism of Parkinson's disease is:
Demyelination of neurons in the brain and spinal cord
Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra
Buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
Prion infection of the cerebral cortex
Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs), like cluster headaches, are characterized by:
Bilateral, throbbing pain with an aura
Unilateral, severe pain with ipsilateral autonomic features (tearing, redness)
A band-like pressure around the entire head
Pain that is triggered by stress and muscle tension
In Diabetes Insipidus, the urine is typically:
Concentrated with high osmolality
Dilute with low osmolality
Full of glucose and ketones
Cloudy with white blood cells
In SIADH, the body retains too much:
Sodium
Water
Potassium
Glucose
Which of the following is a classic diagnostic finding in SIADH?
Hypernatremia
Low urine osmolality
High urine sodium
A patient with polyphagia would present with:
Excessive thirst
Excessive hunger
Excessive urination
Excessive sweating
Which statement is true regarding DMT1?
It is often managed with lifestyle modifications alone initially.
It is characterized by insulin resistance.
Patients are absolutely dependent on exogenous insulin.
It typically has an onset in middle age.
For the mother, a consequence of Gestational Diabetes is an increased risk of developing:
Type 1 Diabetes later in life
Type 2 Diabetes later in life
Multiple Sclerosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
The area of brain tissue that is most vulnerable and dies first during an ischemic stroke is the:
Ischemic penumbra
Ischemic core
Subarachnoid space
Ventricular system
Which type of stroke is most commonly caused by atrial fibrillation?
Hemorrhagic stroke
Ischemic stroke (embolic)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Subdural hematoma
A sudden, severe "thunderclap" headache is a classic symptom of which type of stroke?
Ischemic stroke
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Lacunar stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack
A patient with damage to the cerebellum would likely demonstrate:
Memory loss and confusion
Ataxia and uncoordinated movement
Paralysis on one side of the body
Inability to speak
Bradycardia in Cushing's Triad is a result of:
The body's attempt to increase cardiac output
Compression of the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X) in the brainstem
A side effect of hypertension medications
Hypoxia
Projectile vomiting without nausea is a sign of increased intracranial pressure because it results from:
Irritation of the gastric mucosa
Direct pressure on the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata
A side effect of pain
Hyperglycemia
The "relapsing-remitting" course is most characteristic of which neurological disease?
Parkinson's Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
A "pill-rolling" tremor at rest is a classic feature of:
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson's Disease
Huntington's Disease
Essential Tremor
Cluster headaches, a type of TAC, are notable for:
Occurring in cyclical patterns or "clusters"
Being bilateral and pressing in quality
Primarily affecting the elderly
Being preceded by a visual aura
The "buffalo hump" and "moon face" in Cushing's are caused by:
Hyperglycemia
Redistribution of body fat
Muscle wasting
Fluid retention
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is caused by:
A pituitary tumor
The kidney's inability to respond to ADH
A head injury damaging the hypothalamus
Excessive water intake
The primary treatment for SIADH involves:
Administering ADH analogs
Fluid restriction
Administering intravenous insulin
Encouraging high fluid intake
Polyuria in Diabetes Mellitus is a direct result of:
The body trying to excrete excess glucose via osmosis
A deficiency of ADH
Excessive ADH production
An overactive bladder
The honeymoon phase in DMT1 refers to a period after diagnosis where:
Blood glucose is easily controlled with diet alone
The pancreas temporarily regains some insulin production
Screening for Gestational Diabetes usually occurs:
During the first trimester
Between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation
Immediately after delivery
Only if the baby is measuring large
A TIA is a significant warning sign for:
A future migraine
A future ischemic stroke
A seizure disorder
Multiple Sclerosis
A common location for a saccular (berry) aneurysm, which can lead to a hemorrhagic stroke, is:
The Circle of Willis
The middle cerebral artery
The Circle of Willis
The femoral artery
The Romberg test is used to assess the function of the:
Cerebrum
Cerebellum and proprioception
Brainstem
Which of the following is associated with cerebellum and proprioception?
Parkinson's Disease
Cerebellum and proprioception
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Spinal cord reflexes
Lhermitte's sign, an electric-shock sensation down the spine upon neck flexion, is associated with:
Parkinson's Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Trigeminal Neuralgia
