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WorksheetsFoundations Exam 1 Review Spring 2026
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 27mins
Images of Nursing: Which past image of nursing is characterized by a harsh and authoritative figure that is often contrasted with the "Angel of Mercy" image?
The Invisible Nurse
The Handmaiden
The Battle-ax
The Professional
Images of Nursing: The public’s perception of nursing as the "most trusted" profession is often influenced by personal interactions with nurses, yet the profession historically ranks low in which area?
Professional ethics
Clinical necessity
Public desirability
Educational requirements
Nursing Professions & Roles: A nurse coordinates the various activities of the healthcare team and facilitates communication between departments. Which nursing role is being performed?
Client Advocate
Manager
Consumer of Research
Change Agent
Nursing Professions & Roles: The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as the “protection, promotion, and optimization of health” and which of the following?
Advocacy in the care of individuals and populations
The medical diagnosis and treatment of pathology
Rigid adherence to provider orders without question
Task-oriented care for hospital convenience
Safe & Effective Nursing Care: A nurse reviews unit data regarding the incidence of pressure injuries to identify gaps in care and implement a new turning schedule. This nurse is applying which QSEN competency?
Informatics
Quality Improvement (QI)
Teamwork and Collaboration
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
Safe & Effective Nursing Care: According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), providing patient-centered care must begin with which step?
Delegating basic hygiene tasks to the most experienced UAP
Following the provider's medical plan of care exactly
Including the patient as a member of the healthcare team
Using the latest informatics to document patient vital signs
Education Pathways: Which advanced practice role is categorized as an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)?
Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
Nursing Informatics Specialist
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
Clinical Nurse Educator
Education Pathways: Which of the following is considered a terminal practice degree in nursing?
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
Benner’s Stages of Clinical Competence: A nursing student who relies heavily on rigid rules and has minimal clinical judgment for "out of the ordinary" situations is at which stage?
Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
Proficient
Benner’s Stages of Clinical Competence: A nurse who has worked on a cardiac unit for 2.5 years is now efficient and organized, demonstrating intentional long-term planning for patient care. This nurse is at which stage?
Expert
Proficient
Competent
Advanced Beginner
Critical Thinking: Which of the following is a critical thinking attitude where the nurse acknowledges they do not know everything and recognizes gaps in their own knowledge?
Intellectual autonomy
Intellectual humility
Intellectual perseverance
Fair-mindedness
Critical Thinking: Sound clinical judgment in nursing requires the integration of several types of knowledge. Which type of knowledge refers to "knowing why" a specific intervention is performed?
Theoretical
Practical
Ethical
Self-knowledge
The Nursing Process: What is the primary purpose of the "Evaluation" step in the nursing process?
To carry out the nursing actions identified in the planning phase
To measure the extent to which the patient’s goals were achieved
To identify the patient’s human response to a health problem
To set SMART goals for the duration of the shift
The Nursing Process: During which step of the nursing process (ADPIE) does the nurse collect, validate, and communicate patient data?
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
The Nursing Process: A nurse is caring for a client who is two days postoperative and has not achieved satisfactory pain relief. According to the nursing process, which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Check the client to determine the reason for inadequate pain relief
Determine whether the change in plan reduces the client’s pain
Change the plan of care to provide a different method of pain relief
Educate the client about the plan of care for managing the pain
Components of a Nursing Diagnosis: In a NANDA nursing diagnosis, the "Related Factor" is defined as which of the following?
The cluster of observable cues and inferences
The reason for the diagnosis identified from assessment data
The essence of the patient's response to a condition
The quantifiable evidence that the problem exists
Components of a Nursing Diagnosis: A nurse identifies signs and symptoms, such as a patient's report of sharp chest pain and an elevated heart rate. These clinical evidences that prove a diagnosis is present are known as what?
Related factors
Risk factors
Defining characteristics
Diagnostic labels
Types of Nursing Diagnoses—Actual vs. Risk: A nurse is writing a nursing diagnosis for a patient who is vulnerable to falling but has not fallen yet. How many parts will this diagnosis have?
Two parts (Problem + Related Factor)
Three parts (Problem + Related Factor + AEB)
One part (Problem only)
Four parts (Problem + Etiology + Signs + Symptoms)
Types of Nursing Diagnoses—Actual vs. Risk: Why does a "Risk for Falls" diagnosis not include an "As Evidenced By" (AEB) statement?
The nurse does not have enough objective data yet
Risk diagnoses are only based on medical pathologies
The problem has not yet occurred, so there are no defining characteristics
Defining characteristics are only used for wellness diagnoses
Interventions (Interdependent, Dependent, Collaboration): A nurse is administering a medication that was prescribed by a physician. This is an example of which type of intervention?
Independent
Dependent
Collaborative
Indirect-care
Interventions (Interdependent, Dependent, Collaboration): A nurse is deciding which feeding technique to use for a patient with a swallowing disorder. To follow best practices, the nurse should first do which of the following?
Ask a peer with several years of experience
Perform a general search on the Internet
Search for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
Consult the facility’s administrative policy on staffing
Delegation: A Registered Nurse (RN) is deciding which tasks to delegate to Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP). Which task is inappropriate to delegate?
Bathing a stable patient who is a fall risk
Delivering hygiene supplies to an independent patient
Determining whether a patient is able to swallow their evening pills
Assisting a patient to the bathroom hours after surgery
Delegation: The "Five Rights of Delegation" include Right Task, Right Person, Right Circumstance, Right Supervision/Evaluation, and which of the following?
Right Patient
Right Direction/Communication
Right Documentation
Right Timing
Delegation: When delegating hygiene care to a UAP, the professional nurse remains responsible for which of the following?
Performing every part of the bath themselves
Only the documentation of the final task
Interpreting and validating the data reported by the UAP
Ensuring the UAP performs the task exactly according to the unit schedule
A patient reports they are unable to buy prescribed medications because they lost their job and are facing poverty. Which SDOH domain is most affected?
Social and Community Context
Economic Stability
Health Care Access and Quality
Neighborhood and Built Environment
A neighborhood with high rates of violence and unsafe air quality represents a concern in which SDOH domain?
Social and Community Context
Education Access and Quality
Neighborhood and Built Environment
Economic Stability
Giving a patient exactly what they need—such as an interpreter or specific dietary resources—to reach their best health is the definition of:
Health Equality
Health Equity
Social Responsibility
Reality
Removing systemic barriers, such as lack of public transportation to a clinic, is an example of pursuing:
Health Equality
Health Disparity
Social Justice
Ethnocentrism
A nurse believes that their own cultural and professional beliefs are superior to the patient’s beliefs. This is known as:
Prejudice
Racism
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Sensitivity
Which barrier refers to the tendency to make judgments based on prejudice and assumptions rather than data?
Cultural stereotyping
Health care jargon
Implicit/unconscious bias
Confirmation bias
Which concept emphasizes ongoing self-reflection and recognition of power differences throughout a person’s professional life?
Cultural Competency
Cultural Humility
Cultural Sensitivity
Cultural Awareness
The developmental process of achieving increasing levels of awareness, knowledge, and skills to work effectively in cross-cultural situations is:
Cultural Competence
Cultural Humility
Cultural Imposition
Cultural Awareness
Which of the following demonstrates culturally competent care?
Relying on family members to interpret medical information to avoid delays in care
Asking patients about their cultural beliefs and preferences and incorporating them into the plan of care
Avoiding discussions about cultural practices to prevent offending the patient
Acknowledging cultural differences while maintaining standardized protocols for all patients
A nurse is reviewing the health rankings for a specific county and notices very poor outcomes for cardiovascular disease. However, a patient from that area is in excellent health and has strong family support and high health literacy. The nurse understands that broad socioeconomic statistics may not accurately predict this specific patient's health because of:
Genetic determination
Clinical care targets
Protective factors
Individual biases
In the SOLER technique for active listening, the "L" represents:
Look at the patient
Lean toward the client
Listen to the message
Leave personal space
Which statement by the nurse acts as a barrier to therapeutic communication?
“That sounds really difficult. What concerns you the most right now?”
“I can see why you’re upset; anyone would feel this way.”
“Have you tried focusing on the positives or doing something to take your mind off it?”
“Take your time. I’m here and listening.”
A nurse is concerned about a patient's safety and says, "I am uncomfortable with this plan." This is an example of using:
SBAR
CUS language
SOLER
ADPIE
The nurse is calling a provider using SBAR and states, "The patient's current heart rate is 124 and blood pressure is 100/58." Which part of SBAR is this?
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
While giving an SBAR report to the provider, the nurse states, "The patient was admitted with sepsis yesterday and has had persistently elevated heart rates and low blood pressures since admission." Which component of SBAR is the nurse using?
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
A nurse holds a patient’s medications due to a potential interaction with another medication. Which ethical principle does this reflect?
Beneficence
Justice
Informed consent
Nonmaleficence
A nurse notes that an oncoming nurse smells of alcohol and seems unsteady. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Report the oncoming nurse to the board of nursing
Confront the oncoming nurse
Notify the oncoming nurse supervisor
Ask an assistive personnel if they smelled alcohol on the oncoming nurse’s breath
A nurse is caring for a patient who is refusing a life‑saving blood transfusion due to religious beliefs. The nurse provides the patient with the necessary information to make an informed decision and respects the patient's choice to refuse. Which ethical principle is the nurse demonstrating?
Beneficence
Justice
Autonomy
Fidelity
A nurse documents in a patient’s chart that another nurse on the unit is “lazy and incompetent” despite having no evidence to support this claim. If this written statement harms the other nurse’s reputation, it is an example of:
Slander
Libel
Assault
Battery
To prove a claim of malpractice, which elements must be established by the plaintiff? (Select all that apply)
Existence of a duty
Breach of a duty
Intent to cause harm
Causation
Damages
A nurse is caring for a client with a large surgical wound. The nurse understands that this client is at a higher risk for infection primarily because of which link in the chain of infection?
Reservoir
Portal of entry
Mode of transmission
Infectious agent
Which of the following is an example of natural passive immunity?
A person producing antibodies after a viral infection
A person producing antibodies in response to a vaccine
An infant receiving antibodies through breastmilk
A person receiving an injection of antiserum after a snakebite
A patient contracts a respiratory infection after using a contaminated nebulizer that was shared between rooms. In this scenario, the nebulizer acts as a:
Vector
Fomite
Susceptible host
Portal of exit
A nurse is planning hygiene care for an 85‑year‑old client with advanced dementia who becomes combative when undressed. Which intervention is most appropriate?
Bathe the client as quickly as possible to finish the task
Ensure at least three staff members are present to restrain the client
Turn down the lights, warm the room, and use a calm voice
Postpone the bath until the client is more cooperative
When delegating a complete bed bath for a stable patient to an Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP), which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
Please assess the patient’s skin for any new redness while you bathe them
Please let me know if you notice any new skin breakdown or redness during the bath
The patient prefers a hot bath, so please use the highest temperature available
I am busy, so you are responsible for deciding if the patient needs a partial or complete bath
True or False: A nurse should provide thorough foot care to a patient with diabetes to prevent infections.
True
False
A nurse is providing information about age‑related physical changes to the family member of an older adult. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Older adults have oilier skin than younger persons
Dry mouth is common for older adults
It is common for older adults to have increased perspiration
Hair in the eyebrows decreases
True or False: If a patient is taking anticoagulant medications, the nurse should use a disposable twin‑blade razor to ensure a close shave.
True
False
Which of the following is true about denture care?
The nurse should put the dentures in a denture cup with a patient label
The nurse should use hot water to clean the dentures
If the dentures have metal parts, the nurse should let them soak
The nurse should clean the dentures while they are in the patient’s mouth
