The physical, visible objects made and used by members of a cultural group; includes buildings, furniture, clothing, food, artwork, and musical instruments are known as _________.

Intangible elements of culture including a wide range of beliefs, values, myths, and symbolic meanings passed from generation to generation within a given society are called _________.

A single aspect of a given culture or society is called a _________.

Rural, ethnically homogenous culture that is deeply connected to the local land; the opposite of a popular culture is called _________.

A local culture that is no longer the dominant ethnic group within its traditional homeland because of migration, colonization, or political marginalization is called _________.

Heterogeneous culture that is more influenced by key urban areas and quick to adopt new technologies; the opposite of a local culture is called _________.

Concepts and ideas in a society that are shaped by cultural opinions, beliefs, and perspectives are called _________.

A mutually agreed-upon system of symbolic communication is called _________.

A structured set of beliefs and practices through which people seek mental and physical harmony with the powers of the universe is called _________.

A people of common ancestry and cultural tradition; characterized by a strong feeling of group identity is called an _________.

Historically defined by the physical characteristics of a group, especially skin color is called _________.

A person who is fluent in more than two languages is called a _________.

The study of the spatial aspects of ethnicity is called _________.

An approach to understanding other cultures that evaluates them from the perspective of the observer’s culture is called _________.

An approach to understanding other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and cultures from a wider perspective of cultural logic is called _________.

The practice of moving back and forth between two languages. Occurs more frequently in speaking than in writing is called _________.

A set of policies that promote the active participation and inclusion of minority groups in national histories, national politics, and cultural institutions with the goal of embracing difference within society is called _________.

All the natural physical surroundings that create and shape the places we are living in or examining are called _________.

The feeling resulting from the standardization of the built environment; occurs where local distinctiveness is erased and many places end up with similar cultural landscapes is called _________

A functional, rational, and orderly style for building designs is known as _________

A design style that is a reaction against modernist architecture; it has a flair for the dramatic, creating a spectacle while serving a variety of functions is called _________

The fact that many places have been controlled or affected by a variety of groups over a period of time; those groups have reshaped the functions or meanings of those places and left behind layers of meaning is referred to as _________?

Natural or human-made sites that possess religious meaning and are recognized as worthy of devotion, loyalty, fear, or esteem are called _________.

Sites that are less influenced or controlled by religion are described as _________.

A group of people with distinct norms, values, and material practices that differentiate them from the dominant culture surrounding them is called a _________?

The distinctive feeling of a place, or a person’s perception of place, is known as _________.

Efforts to use and design public places to better serve the needs of residents and to foster a stronger community are called _________.

A force that brings people together and unifies a neighborhood, society, or country is called a _________.

A force that threatens the cohesion of a neighborhood, society, or country is called a _________.

The process whereby religion becomes a less dominant force in everyday life than it was in the past is called _________

Occurs when individuals or groups with a particular idea or practice migrate from one location to another, thereby bringing the idea or practice to their new homeland is called _________

Occurs when ideas or practices spread throughout a population, from area to area, in a snowballing process, so that the total number of knowers or users and the areas of occurrence increase is called _________

Occurs when ideas leapfrog from one important person, community, or city to another, bypassing other persons, communities, or rural areas. What is this called?

The wavelike spread of ideas in the manner of a contagious disease or forest fire, moving throughout space without regard for hierarchy. What is this called?

Occurs when a specific trait is rejected, but the underlying idea is accepted. What is this called?

Barriers that completely halt diffusion are known as:

Barriers that slow diffusion, but still allow some partial or weakened diffusion are called:

A trade language, characterized by a very small vocabulary derived from the languages of at least two or more groups in contact, is called:

A combined language that has a fuller vocabulary than a pidgin language and becomes a native language is called:

The linguistic process where languages converge and create new languages and forms of communication is known as:

A language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue is called:

The ability to speak two languages fluently is called:

A sovereign political entity that seeks to expand beyond its origin land to control more territory politically and/or economically is called:

The motivating impulse to control greater amounts of territory is known as:

The act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which becomes known as a colony, is called:

The systematic killing of members of a racial, ethnic, or linguistic group is called:

The phenomenon whereby the introduction of new transportation technologies progressively reduces the time it takes to travel between places is called:

A language that is not taught to children by their parents and is not used actively in everyday matters is called:

A language that has only a few elderly speakers still living or no living speakers is called:

The idea that cultures are converging or becoming more alike is known as:

Adapting global practices to fit local cultural practices and preferences is called:

A focused geographic area where important innovations are born and from where they spread is called ________.

A group of related languages that share a common ancestry is called ________.

A regional variation of a language that is understood by people who speak other variations of that language is called ________.

A way of pronouncing words is known as ________.

Relating to the belief in only one god is called ________.

A religion that actively seeks new members and believes its message has universal importance and application is called ________.

A religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group that does not seek converts is called ________.

Describing a religion that spreads its message to others through missionary work is called ________.

The names given to places are called ________.

The generic part of a place-name, often a suffix or prefix, such as -ville in Louisville, is called ________.

Relating to the belief in many gods is called ________.

A faith that subscribes to the idea that souls or spirits exist not only in humans but also in animals, plants, rocks, natural phenomena such as thunder, geographic features such as mountains or rivers, and other entities of the natural environment is called ________.

Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially is called ________.

Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group blends in with the host culture and loses many culturally distinctive traits is called ________.

The notion that people adopt elements of other cultures as well as contribute elements of their own culture, thereby transforming both cultures is called ________.

The blending of beliefs, ideas, practices, and traits, especially in a religious context is called ________.

Religion that combines elements of two or more different belief systems is called ________.

Religion that emphasizes purity of faith and is generally not open to blending with elements of other belief systems is called ________.