Which of the following includes accountability in nursing:

Which of the following organizations establish standards of care/practice?

Which of the following establish guidelines for nurses?

What are the four core values in the UCBA curriculum?

Which of the following are components of accountability in the nursing profession?

A nurse administers the wrong dose of medication to a patient but recognizes the
error immediately. What is the nurse’s most appropriate initial action?
A. Document the error in the patient’s chart without informing anyone
B. Notify the physician and follow the facility’s error reporting policy
C. Monitor the patient for side effects and say nothing if the patient is stable
D. Report the error to a colleague at the end of the shift

As a nursing student, you are responsible and accountable for...

Which of the following are factors affecting nursing practice and accountability?

processing the knowledge & skills
necessary to perform one’s job appropriately and
safely in nursing

What are the four domains of nursing practice?

A process that enables individuals and
communities to increase their control over the
determinants of well-being, thereby improving their
overall well-being which leads to improving overall
health

Maintain optimal health by preventing disease
• Hand hygiene
• Aseptic Technique
• Precautions

Getting back to previous health status

Live comfortably as possible until death
• Hospice care
• Palliative care

Which of the following explains the Benner Skill Acquisition Model?

Which of the following is described from the Benner Skill Acquisition Model?

New grad; starting to recognize more significant information

Which of the following of Benner Skill Acquisition Model is described?

2-3 years of experience, recognize parts but not the whole

Which of the following skills that will develop with more experience is described?

Effective communication; Make real connections to patients
and their families/ friends and your colleagues

A newly licensed nurse is assigned to care for a patient with a chest tube. The
nurse has observed the procedure during orientation but has never independently
provided care for a patient with a chest tube. Which action demonstrates
professional competence?
A. Perform the chest tube care independently to build confidence
B. Ask a senior nurse to supervise while providing the chest tube care
C. Refuse to care for the patient until more training is completed
D. Delegate chest tube care to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)

actions taken by government bodies and other societal actors to attain specific health-related goals

-include laws, regulations, government agency guidelines, position statements, resolutions, judicial decrees, and budget priorities

________ _________ may also develop health policy.
• Not established in law or regulation
• Still have influence over policy change

Which of the following executive branch agencies affects health policies?

Which state executive agencies affect health policies?

Which Federal Agencies affect health policies?

Responsible for tracking state health data and statistics; maintaining birth, death, marriage,
and divorce records; and enforcing statewide health laws, such as smoking bans

Responsible for establishing training and certification standards for EMS personnel,
accrediting training programs, overseeing the state’s trauma system, and/or licensing
medical transportation services.

At the county or municipal level, local departments of health administer health policies and offer many vital services to their communities

Provide clinical, environmental, health promotion, and population-based services such as free clinics, sexual health,
HIV/AIDs testing, and tuberculosis and dental clinic
• Provide information about locations of main healthcare facilities and the number of health professionals in the
community

Local Social Service Organizations
• Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
• Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) supplemental nutrition program

process of gaining recognition through a peer review process that evaluates the organization quality
• The Joint Commission for healthcare provider organizations “Magnet”
• Nursing Education accreditation
• American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
• Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)

Usually offered by employer or through a group plan
• Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
• Preferred-provider organizations (PPOs)
• Point-of-service (POS) Plan
• Consumer-driven healthcare plan (CDHP)

Medicare, Medicaid, Affordable Care Act are all examples of which type of Healthcare Reimbursement type?

Available to people age 65 or older, younger people with disabilities, those with end-stage renal disease

Available to lower income, elderly, & people with eligible disabilities

Healthcare reform law enacted in March 2010 that ensures all U.S. citizens and nationals, or those lawfully present in the U.S. have access to affordable health care coverage regardless of health history

Which part of medicare is described:

Covers hospitalization and inpatient visits, like nursing home visits.

Which medicare part is described below:

Helps to cover medically necessary services and outpatient visits/doctor appointments

Which medicare part is described below:

Includes all services covered under Parts A and B, usually includes Plan D prescription drug coverage, and may cover other services such as hearing and vision testing.

Which medicare part is described below:

Provides prescription coverage

• Client pays insurer directly – no insurance
• Higher overall healthcare expenses
• Individuals sicker than those who pay lower percentage of healthcare costs

• Define standards of practice
(legal issues)
• Identify professional behaviors
• Support nursing research
• Participate in policy development

A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about Medicare coverage. Which statement by a participant indicates a correct understanding of Medicare?
A. “Medicare Part A helps cover hospital stays and some home health services.”
B. “Medicare Part B pays for all prescription medications.”
C. “Medicare Part C is only available to people under 65 years of age.”
D. “Medicare Part D covers vision and dental care.”

Near sightedness

*can only see near, cannot see far

Farsightedness

*can see far

*can't see near

If a person’s visual acuity is tested with a Snellen chart and reported to be 20/60,
the nurse knows the number 60 indicates which of the following?
A. the distance at which a person stood from the chart
B. The distance at which a person with normal vision can read the chart
C. a persons vision is 60% less then that of a person with normal vision
D. The person has three times poorer vision in the right eye than in the left eye

Age-related condition where the lens of the eye loses its flexibility, making it harder to focus on close objects

*common part of aging, not a disease!

The following symptoms describe what?

Difficulty reading small print
 Holding reading material farther away to see it clearly
 Eye strain or headaches with close work (reading, sewing, etc.)
 Needing reading glasses or bifocals

opacification (clouding) of the lens of the eye that can significantly interfere with light transmission to the retina and the ability to perceive images clearly

Not smoking and refraining from heavy alcohol use can help prevent cataracts.

The following symptoms describe what?

 Trouble reading
 Blurred Vision
 Necessity of cleaning glasses
 Lens cloudiness may be visible
 Color discrimination impaired especially in blue to purple range. Glare complaints- halos around lights at night

The nurse expects a patient with a cataract to complain about which symptom? Select all that apply.
A. Eye pain when doing close work
B. Double vision
C. Halos around lights at night
D. Blurred Vision
E. Eye pain

Which of the following is the main cataract intervention?

What is the basic explanation of cataract surgery?

You can receive cataract surgery as soon as you start experiencing symptoms to prevent further progression of the cataracts.

Your patient just got cataract surgery. Which instructions should you give them?

Why should your patient avoid bending over/lifting heavy objects after cataract surgery?

A patient is scheduled for cataract surgery. Which of the following statements indicates that the patient understands post-operative care?
A. “I can resume all my normal activities immediately after surgery.”
B. “I should avoid bending over or lifting heavy objects for a few weeks after surgery.”
C. “I do not need to use the eye drops the doctor prescribed if my eye feels fine.”
D. “It is normal to have severe pain and vision loss after surgery.”

Cataracts are known as the silent thief of vision.

Characterized by optic neuropathy with gradual loss of peripheral vision and (usually) increased
intraocular pressure (force within the eye causing tissue damage)

Which type of Glaucoma: the most common type, develops slowly/Degenerative changes in Schlemm’s canal obstructs drainage of aqueous Humor - increased intraocular pressure

Which type of glaucoma: acute- occurs suddenly as a result of complete blockage

The following symptoms describe what?

No Symptoms
Tunnel Vision
Decreased Accommodation –impaired dark adaptation
Halos around lights

The following symptoms describe what?

Abrupt onset of Pain
Headache
Fixed pupil
Reddened conjunctiva & cloudy cornea
Nausea/Vomiting
Change in visual acuity, could have halos around lights

The following image shows an example of what?

The three P's of open angle glaucoma include...

All of the following would be used for a diagnostic test for vision disorders except

Which of the following are treatment options for primary open angle glaucoma?

Which of the following are treatment options for angle closure glaucoma?

All pharmacologic therapy for glaucoma does the following (both/either or):

Which type of eye medication causes the pupil to constrict?

Which type of eye medication caused the pupil to dilate?

outpatient surgery that is done with a laser/Changes the trabecular meshwork configuration and leads to increased aqueous outflow

creates a drainage hole (permanent fistula) between the anterior and posterior chambers into the space
under the conjunctiva where it can be absorbed into systemic circulation

Your patient is taking eye drops for their glaucoma. They are complaining of discomfort from the eyedrops. What do you tell them?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has been newly diagnosed with
open-angle glaucoma. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
A. “I should take my prescribed eye drops every day to help lower the pressure in my eyes.”
B. “This condition can cause gradual loss of my peripheral vision.”
C. “If I don’t take my medication, I could go blind.”
D. “I can stop using my eye drops once my vision improves.”

A gradual process of degeneration in the macular area of the retina.
 Leading cause of blindness in older adults

thinning of macular tissue related to the aging process, vision loss is gradual

abnormal blood vessels form and hemorrhage on the retina, vision loss is severe

 Dark or empty area in the center of vision
 Bend in telephone poles or road
 Words on a page look blurred
 Difficulty performing tasks that require close central
 Vision such as cooking
 Decreased color vision
 Acuity tests

All symptoms of what?

The image above is an example of what vision disorder

The Amsler grid was developed as a diagnostic tool for ____________

Treatment for Wet AMD include:

Which of the following are treatments for Dry AMD?

A nurse is reviewing a client’s eye assessment findings. The client reports difficulty
recognizing faces and reading, but states that side vision is still clear. The nurse
suspects age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Which statement best explains this condition?
A. “AMD causes loss of peripheral vision due to increased intraocular pressure.”
B. “AMD affects the macula, leading to loss of central vision.”
C. “AMD is caused by damage to the optic nerve and affects night vision first.”
D. “AMD results from clouding of the lens and causes blurred vision.”

Clinical Manifestations : Pain, redness, photophobia, tearing common
Treatment: Abrasions often heal with no treatment
If foreign body on conjunctiva remove with irrigation or with moist sterile cotton applicator
Eye patch may be used in children
Possible Antibiotics

Types of Burns: Heat, radiation, explosion, chemical
Clinical Manifestations: Pain, edematous, red conjunctiva, swollen eyelids, hazy or cloudy conjunctiva, possible presence of ulcerations
Treatment: For chemical burns irrigate eyes with normal saline
Dilate pupils to reduce pain and prevent adhesions
Topical anesthetics, Eye Patch, Antibiotics, Corticosteroids

Clinical Manifestations : Pain, bleeding, extrusion of eye contents, partial or complete vision loss
Treatment: If penetrating object is embedded in or sticking out of eye, do not remove it, immobilize the object and protect the eye until the ophthalmologist arrives, patch the other eye to minimize movement
Manage Pain
Irrigate
Antibiotics after removal and potential eye patch
Surgery may be necessary

Clinical Manifestations : Pain and redness, ecchymosis, subjunctival hemorrhage, hyphema, possible diplopia & enopthalmos
Treatment: Place client in semi-Fowler position, Protect the injured eye with an eye shield; patch the unaffected eye with an eye shield to minimize movement
Administer carbonic anhydrase inhibitor s prescribed

Your patient has experienced blunt trauma to the eye and is ordered to have periorbital ecchymosis completed. What does this process entail?

Clinical Manifestations : Medical emergency, Floaters, flashes of light, blurred vision, progressive
deterioration of vision, sensation of a curtain or veil being drawn across
the field of vision, if the macula is involved loss of central vision
Risk Factors: Age, Eye injuries, Eye Surgery, myopia, other eye conditions, smoking, heavy lifting
Treatment: Prompt treatment is needed to preserve vision- medical emergency
Proper positioning is important – retinal detachment should be inferior
Cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, laser therapy or scleral buckle may be
needed to close the retinal break
Reassure client that most retinal detachments successfully treated

The nurse in the emergency department cares for the client with a sliver of glass in the eye. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform?
A. Flush the eye with normal saline for 15 minutes
B. Attempt to remove the glass if it can be seen
C. Apply cool compress to the eye
D. Place a protective shield over the eye

An adolescent is brought to the emergency room after being hit on the head while playing ball. After examination, a diagnosis of detached retina of the left eye is made. Which sign or symptom does the nurse expect to observe?
A. The client states he sees a curtain coming across his visual field
B. The client complains of severe pain in the affected eye
C. The client had decreased peripheral vision
D. The nurse observes orbital edema